Trichrysis lusca (Fabricius, 1804)

Rosa, Paolo, Wei, Na-sen, Feng, Jun & Xu, Zai-fu, 2016, Revision of the genus Trichrysis Lichtenstein, 1876 from China, with description of three new species (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae), Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1), pp. 109-136 : 117-119

Taxon classification Animalia Hymenoptera Chrysididae

Trichrysis lusca (Fabricius, 1804) Figs 37-42, 99

Chrysis lusca Fabricius, 1804: 171. Holotype, ♀, Italy (accidentally introduced) (ZMU) (examined).

Chrysis lusca Fabricius: du Buysson 1898a: 536; du Buysson 1899: 168.

Chrysis (Pentachrysis) dolichoceras Bischoff, 1910: 485. Holotype, ♀, Japan (MNHU) (synonymised by Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 533).

Chrysis (Pentachrysis) lusca Fabricius: Bischoff 1910: 486; Mocsáry 1913a: 11; 1913b: 619; Uchida 1927: 152; Tsuneki 1953b: 28; 1955: 35; 1970: 17.

Chrysis extraniensis Rohwer, 1921: 68. Holotype, ♀, USA: Hawaii (USNM) (synonymised by Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 533).

Chrysis occulta Mader, 1939: 93. Holotype, ♀, Italy (accidentally introduced) (NHMW) (synonymised by Linsenmaier 1959).

Pentachrysis lusca (Fabricius): Hammer 1950: 2.

Praestochrysis lusca (Fabricius): Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 533; Kurzenko and Lelej 2007: 1006; Ha et al. 2008: 73.

Chrysis (Trichrysis) lusca Fabricius: Linsenmaier 1994: 193.

Trichrysis lusca (Fabricius): Rosa et al. 2014: 76.

Material examined.

ITALY: Schlanbusch (?)/ holotype / ♀/ Mus: T: Lund Chyrsis lusca Fabr. [label in error after re-writing ( Zimsen 1964)] / type <red label> (ZMU). JAPAN: 1♀, Nangasaki / Pentachrysis dolichoceras Bischoff (MNHU). CHINA: 1♀, Kosempo Formosa [= Taiwan] 1911 H. Sauter (MNHU); 2♀♀, Taiwan Chipon VIII.1935 K. Iwata / det. Enslin (NMLS); 1♀, Taiwan Sozan VIII.1935 K. Iwata / det. Linsenmaier (NMLS); 1♂, Formosa Pingtung Hsien, Ssuehungchi, 5.VIII.1968 S. Suzuki (PRC); 1♂, Formosa, Taiqei Hsien, Wulai 19.VII.1968 S. Suzuki (PRC); 74♀♀, Guangdong, Guangzhou, Liuxihe Forest Park (23°44 ’31’’ N, 113°47 ’0’’ E), 13-14.IV.2002, leg. Z-f. Xu (SCAU); 7♀♀, idem, 20.VI.2002 (SCAU); 4♀♀, idem, 29.VIII.2004 (SCAU); 11♀♀, idem, 1-4.VI.2007 (SCAU); 16♀♀, idem, 12.VI.2008 (SCAU); 81♀♀, Guangdong, Guangzhou, Wangzishan Forest Park (23°34 ’49’’ N, 113°13 ’21’’ E), 20.V.2006, leg. Z-f. Xu & J-j. Chen (SCAU); 1♀, Guangdong, Guangzhou, campus of SCAU (23°9 ’31’’ N, 113°20 ’41’’ E), 5.VII.2007, leg. C-j. Zeng (SCAU); 1♀, idem, 8.IV.2009 (SCAU); 8♀♀, Guangdong, Nanling National Nature Reserve (24°55 ’43’’ N, 113°1 ’1’’ E), 16-18.IV.2004, leg. Z-f. Xu (SCAU); 3♀♀, Guangdong, Meizhou, Meixian (24°16 ’2’’ N, 116°4 ’58’’ E), 14-29.VII.2006, leg. C-h. Xie & W-y. Xie (SCAU); 1♀, Guangdong, Heishiding Provincial Nature Reserve (23°27 ’42’’ N, 111°54 ’433’’ E), 4.VI.2007, leg. Z-f. Xu (SCAU); 1♀, Kouy Tchéou [= Guizhou] 1921 Cavalaire (NMLS); 1♀, Yunnan, Hekou, Nanxi (22°37 ’31» N 103°56 ’53» E), 16.V. 2006, leg. Z-f. Xu; 1♂, Yunnan, Jingdong, Wenjing (24°18 ’9” N 100°55 ’53” E), 29.IV.2005, leg. H-s. Wang (SCAU). BANGLADESH: Dacca, Bhawal National Park 27.V.1983 Melon (PRC). CAMBODIA: 1♀, Pailin 200 m, 11-15.V.2009 leg.. S. Murzin (PRC). INDONESIA: 1♀, Borneo, Balikpapan 1947/48 W.A. Mohler (NMLS); 1♀, Java Bandoeng [= Bandung] 760 m XI.1936 E. Jacobson (NMLS); 1♀, Bandoeng [= Bandung] 750 m XI.1937 E. Jacobson / ex clay nest of wasp (!) (NMLS); 1♀, Java Bandoeng [= Bandung] 750 m 12.IX.1937 F.C. Drescher (NMLS); 1♀, Java Buitenzorg [= Bogor] 11.X.1929 van der Vecht (NMLS); 1♀, Java Buitenzorg [= Bogor] 10.X.1932 R.A. Muller (NMLS); 1♀, West Java Djampang Tengak 1934 M.E. Walsh (NMLS); 1♀, Java, Soekaboemi [= Sukabumi] 14.3.1938 M.E. Walsh (NMLS); 1♀, West Java, Soekanegara 400-1000 m II.1940 (NMLS); 1♀, Sumatra, Siantar XI.1954 Otto-Surbeck (NMLS); 2♀♀, Siantar I–III.1960 Otto-Surbeck (NMLS); 1♀, Siantar Dolok Ulu I.1960 Otto-Surbeck (NMLS); the following specimens were collected at Sumatra, Medan by E. Diehl (NMLS): 3♀♀, 9-20.IV.1967; 2♀♀, 2-12.V.1967; 1♀, 9.X.1967; 3♀♀, 8. VI– 15.VII.1969; 6♀♀, 1-20.III.1970; 1♀, 28.I.1971; 1♀, 28.I.1973; 2♀♀, 7-18.V.1973; 1♀, 22.VI.1973; 2♀♀, 3.X.1991; 1♀, 15.III.1992; 1♀, 6.IV.1992; 1♀, 21.VII.1994; the following specimens were collected at Sumatra, Medan, Dolok Merangir by E. Diehl (NMLS): 12♀♀, 4. III– 30.V.1967; 1♀, 2.II.1968; 1♀, 20.I.1969; 1♀, 30.VII.1969; 1♀, 5.II.1970; 1♀, IX.1971. MALAYSIA: 1♀, Malacca Selangor (PRC); 1♀, Sarawak Kuching IX.1961 C.R. Wallace (NMLS); 1♀, Kuala Lumpur 8.I.1931 H.M. Pendlebury (NMLS); 1♀, Kuala Lumpur VII.1938 H.M. Pendlebury (NMLS); 1♀, Kuala Lumpur 4.IV.1928 H.T. Pagden (NMLS); 1♀, Kuala Lumpur 4.VIII.1936 H.M. Pagden. SRI LANKA: 1♀, Ceylon, Beuil Oya 20.II.1954 (NMLS); 1♀, Kalutara 1910 E. Comber (NMLS). VIETNAM: 4♀♀, Tonkin, Hoa Binh Province 1926-1928 A. de Cooman (NMLS); 4♀♀, Tonkin Hoa Binh XII.1934 A. de Cooman (NMLS); 1♂, Central Tonkin 1911 A. Krempf (NMLS).

Diagnosis.

Trichrysis lusca (Fabricius, 1804) resembles Trichrysis imperiosa (Smith, 1874), but it can be easily separated from the latter by: body uniformely blue to green, with golden lateral spot on T2; TFC with branches upwards to ocellar area; T2 without apical raised carina; prepit bulge slightly convex, not strongly overhanging over pit row; pit row with single, small and separated pits; S2 with black spots large and partly separated.

Description.

Female. Body length 6.4-10.6 mm.

Head. Scapal basin deep, rugose and punctate (Fig. 40). TFC single, forming slightly inverted V-shape, with two branches upwards to ocellar area. Relative length of P:F1:F2:F3=1.0:1.9:0.9:0.6; F1 l/w=3.7; OOL=1.7 MOD; BOL=1.5 MOD; POL=1.7 MOD; MS=1.0 MOD; clypeal apex concave medially.

Mesosoma. Pronotal groove deep, almost extending to posterior margin of pronotum (Fig. 39); sublateral carina distinct and complete. Mesoscutellum and metanotum with anterior depression polished and not distinctly depressed. Metanotum with large contiguous punctures. Episternal sulcus and scrobal sulcus with transversal foveae up to 2 PD (Fig. 38).

Metasoma. T1 and T2 with large punctures equally interspaced (0.5-1.0 PD) (Fig. 41). T2 with median carina. T3 prepit bulge slightly convex; pit row distinct, with small, deep pits clearly separated. Apex of T3 with five teeth (Fig. 42). S2 black spots fused medially or partially to fully separated by narrow metallic line (Fig. 99).

Colouration. Head metallic bluish-green, with green-golden reflection on face and dark blue spot on vertex. Scape, pedicel and F1 metallic bluish-green, rest of flagellum black. Mesosoma metallic bluish-green to green, with mesoscutum medially dark blue to purple, distinctly darker than lateral lobes. Metasoma bluish-green to blue, with golden spots on T2 postero-laterally. Tegula metallic blue. Legs metallic bluish-green, with tarsi black.

Male. Body length 8.3-9.8 mm. Male differs from female as follows: body green, with dark blue in ocellar area, on mesoscutum and on T3 antero-laterally and apically; F2 partially metallic; T3 median tooth and lateral tooth short and blunted.

Distribution.

China (Hubei, Hunan, Taiwan, Fujian, Guangdong, Macao, Hainan, Guizhou, Yunnan) ( Tsuneki 1953a); Australia, India, Japan, Korea, Madagascar, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand ( Kimsey and Bohart 1991); Bangladesh, Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Vietnam (new records). Afrotropical: Mauritius and Réunion ( Azevedo et al. 2010).

Remarks.

Similarly to Trichrysis imperiosa , this species was included in the genus Praestochrysis by Kimsey and Bohart (1991). Species in the genus Praestochrysis are parasites of moths in the family Limacodidae (de Joannis 1896; du Buysson 1898b, 1901; Piel 1933; Parker 1936; Edney 1954; Iwata 1963; Yamada 1980, 1990; Polazek 1987; Kimsey and Bohart 1991; Strumia 1996; Komeda and Hisamatsu 2005). However Trichrysis lusca is known to be parasitoid of Sphecidae , as Sceliphron fabricator Smith ( Mocsáry 1889, 1912; Linsenmaier 1959), Trichrysis inflexus Sickmann ( Tsuneki 1955) and unidentified Eu menids ( Kimsey and Bohart 1991). We collected Trichrysis lusca on mud walls of old houses where sphecid and eumenid wasps built nests. For this trophic differentiation and morphological characteristics, such as developed pronotal carina, we agree with the interpretation given by Linsenmaier (1994) and Madl and Rosa (2012) and include lusca and related species in the genus Trichrysis , as well as the Afrotropical species included in the inops group. We consider as Praestochrysis only the species parasitoid of Limacodid moths, independently from number of apical teeth on T3.