Paradisanthus bahiensis Reichenbach (1852b: 930)

Thiago E. C. Meneguzzo, José F. A. Baumgratz & Cássio Van Den Berg, 2015, Taxonomic studies in the Aganisia complex (Orchidaceae, Zygopetalinae), Phytotaxa 238 (1), pp. 1-39 : 26-29

5.1. Paradisanthus bahiensis Reichenbach (1852b: 930) .

Warrea bahiensis Rchb. f., in sched. Type: BRAZIL. Bahia. Valença, road that links Valença to road BR-101, 25 February 1986, Hage, Anderson & Hagberg 1958 (neotype, designated here, MBM 117077!, isoneotypes CEPEC 38252!, K 293788!, VIES 1929!). S. loc., Schiller s.n., (W-R 3325 possible syntype); s. leg. s.n. (W-R 38097 possible syntype); s. leg. s.n., (W-R 38098 possible syntype); s. loc., January 1887 / September 1888, Kramer s.n. (W-R 38118 discarded type of Paradisanthus bahiensis ). Fig. 3 F–G, 4D–F , 9 . Original type lost: — BRAZIL. Bahia: S. loc., ex hort., s.d., Jenisch sub Kramer s.n. (W-R)

Zygopetalum micranthum Barbosa Rodrigues (1877: 109) . Paradisanthus paranaënsis Barbosa Rodrigues (1882: 215) , nom. illeg. Paradisanthus micranthus (Barb.Rodr.) Schlechter (1918b: 36) . Paranaguá, s.d., Barbosa Rodrigues s.n. (syntype J. Barbosa Rodrigues’s herbarium†). Rio de Janeiro: Casimiro de Abreu, Barra de S"o Jo"o, s.d., Barbosa Rodrigues s.n. (syntype J. Barbosa Rodrigues’s herbarium †). Type:—BRAZIL. S.loc., s.d., Barbosa Rodrigues s.n. (the lectotype, designated here, is the original illustration that was to be published in Iconographie des Orchidées du Brésil t. 502, deposited at the library of Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro!, volume 5, of the book with same title and published by Sprunger et al. 1996: 357, t. 232 and 358, t. 233, fig. A). Origiinal type has not been located: — BRAZIL. Paraná: Curitiba, s.d., Barbosa Rodrigues s.n. (syntype J. Barbosa Rodrigues’s herbarium†). syn. nov.

Paradisanthus mosenii Reichenbach (1881a: 298) . Paradisanthus paulensis Barbosa Rodrigues (1882: 215) , nom. illeg. Paradisanthus mosenii var. paulensis (Barb.Rodr.) Hoehne (1953: 153) , nom. illeg. Paradisanthus geraënsis Barb.Rodr. , in sched. Type:—BRAZIL. S"o Paulo: Santos, River Burutoca, 10 January 1875, Mosén 3486 (lectotype, designated here, W-R 38119!, isolectotypes BR 658479 !, P 447842!, P 447843!, S 7-7768!, S 6-6246 spirit). s. leg. s.n. (discarted type W-R 38118 named by Reichenbach), syn. nov.

Paradisanthus neglectus Schlechter (1918b: 34) . Type:—BRAZIL. Southern region: S. loc., ex hort., ca. 1901, Grossmann sub Malmquist s.n. (type B†; lectotype, designated here, is the complete illustration of the same specimen published by Schlechter 1918b: 31, t. 3!), syn. nov.

Koellensteinia espiritosantensis Ruschi (1954: 551) . Paradisanthus espiritosantensis (Ruschi) Ruschi (1964: 1) . Type:—BRAZIL. Espírito Santo: Santa Teresa, Valley of Canaan, 22 April 1951, Ruschi s.n. (holotype MBML 1431 not found; lectotype, designated here, is the original illustration! of the same specimen deposited at the library of Museu de Biologia Professor Mello Leit"o and published by Ruschi 1954: 550). S. loc., 10 March 1954, [inferred to be] Ruschi s.n. (MBML 43716 spirit, possible type), syn. nov.

Paradisanthus mosenii var. virens Ghillány , in sched. Original material: — BRAZIL. Bahia: Una, Farm Santa Rosa, 7 km ENE of S"o José, 27 February 1986, Santos & Judziewicz 4044 (original material CEPEC 39443!, K 293787!, MBM 117076!, RB 554744!, VIES 1931!).

Etymology:— From Latin, bahiensis , Bahia, at that time a province and now a state.

Terrestrial herbs with pseudobulbs 0.5–1.4 × 0.5–1.0 cm, ovoid. Leaves 2–4; petiole (3–)5–9 cm long; blade (4.0–)10.0–29.0(–34.0) × (1.0–)2.5–4.0(–6.0) cm. Inflorescences 18–56 cm long, 8–19-flowered; peduncle (5–)16–29 cm long; rachis 5–26 cm long. Flowers with pedicellate ovary 0.5–1.3 cm long; sepals and petals light green, with linear and concentric brown purple maculations in the proximal half, or white to pinkish sepals and petals with same dark red pattern, lip white with purple callus margin. Sepals 0.8–1.1 × 0.3–0.4 cm, narrowly elliptic, base cuneate, apex rounded. Petals 0.6–0.9 × 0.2–0.3 cm, narrowly elliptic to oblong, base cuneate, apex obtuse. Lip lateral lobes 0.1–0.2 × 0.2–0.3 cm, semi-elliptic with a callus; midlobe 0.3–0.4 × 0.5–0.6 cm, obtrapezoid with constricted proximal part, apex truncate to slightly emarginate, proximal parts concave, distal parts convex. Column 0.4–0.5 × ca. 0.2 cm, semiterete. Capsules 1.5–1.8 × 0.4–0.7 cm, fusiform.

Material examined:— BRAZIL. Bahia: Itapebi, 17 July 2007, van den Berg 1843 (HUEFS); 21 November 2006, Fontana 2516 (RB); Lençóis, 26 April 1995, Ferreira et al. 1824 (CEPEC, K, MBML, SPF); 21 February 1995, Melo et al. 1652 (CEPEC, HRB, K, SPF); Prado, 31 October 2002, Jardim et al. 4037 (HUEFS); Santa Cruz Cabrália, 24 January 1972, Euponino 166 (CEPEC); Una, February 1997, Carvalho et al. 6314 (CEPEC); 25 March 1999, Jardim et al. 2072 (CEPEC); 2 April 1980, Mattos-Silva et al. 741 (CEPEC); 12 May 2000, Mattos-Silva et al. 4108 (CEPEC); Wenceslau Guimar"es, 15 October 2012, Zappi et al. 3432 (RB). Espírito Santo: Águia Branca, 3 April 2007, Demuner et al. 3511 (MBML); Colatina, 17 April 2006, Magnago et al. 808 (MBML); Conceiç"o da Barra, 27 March 1992, Pereira 3235 (VIES); 15 April 1992, Pereira et al. 3290 (VIES); 12 August 1993, Pereira et al. 4828 (VIES); 12 August 1993, Pereira & Gomes 4857 (VIES); Domingos Martins, April 2000, Kautsky s.n. (HEPH). Fund"o, 9 March 2003, Fontana & Sarmento 523 (MBML); 8 February 2007, Fontana & Brahim 2058 (RB); 8 February 2007, Fontana et al. 2828 (MBML). Governador Lindemberg, 23 August 2006, Demuner et al. 2723 (MBML); Linhares, 13 December 1993, Folli 2120 (CVRD); 17 January 1994, Folli 2175 (CVRD, SEL); 4 March 1997, Folli 2945 (CVRD, RB); 25 June 1996, Fraga 317 (MBML); Pedra Azul, 27 February 1974, Kautsky 426 (HB); Santa Leopoldina, 16 February 2006, Demuner et al. 1867 (MBML); Santa Teresa, 26 June 2003, Assis et al. 899 (MBML); 29 April 2005, Fontana et al. 1394 (MBML); 31 March 1999, Kollmann et al. 2325 (MBML); 1 June 2000, Kollmann et al. 2981 (MBML); 30 January 2001, Kollmann 3551 (MBML). S"o Roque do Cana", 14 January 2008, Monteiro et al. 314 (RB). Paraná: s.loc., s.d., Lange sub Dusén 3334 (R); February 1898, Branco CGGSP 3840 (SP); February 1898, Branco CGGSP 3890 (SP); Guaraqueçaba, 4 February 1971, Hatschbach 26253 (HB, K, MBM, NY); 10 February 1972, Hatschbach 29148 (MBM); Guaratuba, 6 January 1960, Leinig 149 (HB); 5 February 1987, Silva 299 (BR, G, HRB, MBM, UPCB); Paranaguá, 9 January 1916, Dusén 17483 (GH, HB, NY); 1 February 1966, Hatschbach 13657 (HB, K, MBM, NY, P, UPCB); 12 February 1981, Hatschbach 43588 (NY, SPF, UEC, UPCB); 7 February 2002, Ribas & Silva 4320 (HB); 12 December 1914, Dusén 16099 (BM, K, L, MBM, P); Ilha do Mel, February 1998, Kersten 278 (UPCB); Ilha do Mel, 18 January 1996, Silva s.n. (NY, UPCB); Piraquara, 18 November 1909, Dusén 8972 (NY). Rio de Janeiro: Cabo Frio, 28 December 2003, Fernandes et al. 775 (RB). Santa Catarina: Gaspar, 3 March 2000, Carneiro 894 (MBM); Palhoça, Rohr 2058 (HB, RB). S"o Paulo: Campos do Jord"o, 18 January 1975, Mello Filho & Emmerich 5423 (R); Cananéia, 16 April 1985, Cerati & Kirizawa 173 (SP); 22 February 1979, De Grande et al. 245 (SP); s.d., Faria s.n. (UEC); 25 May 1983, Jung-Mendaçolli 567 (SP); 23 February 1989, Mamede & Souza 140 (SP); 23 August 2005, Romanini et al. 224 (SP); 8 January 1999, Sztutman et al. 166 (SPSF); 11 June 1984, Wanderley & Romaniuc Neto 717 (SP); Iguape, 16 August 1990, Rossi 663 (SP); Ilha Comprida, s.d., Belinelo s.n. (UEC); Lagoinha, December 1963, Mee s.n. (SP); Paranapiacaba, 2 January 1919, Hoehne s.n. (SP); Pariquera-Açu, 22 June 1996, van den Berg et al. 184 (ESA); 7 February 1995, Leitão Filho & Rodrigues 32848 (ESA); Peruíbe, 22 October 1966, Dungs s.n. (HB, K); Praia Grande, 15 October 1898, Lˆfgren CGGSP 4044 (SP); Ribeir"o Pires, 2 January 1919, Hoehne 2672 (NY); Santos, July, Lawrence s.n. (K). S"o Paulo, 21 February 1976, Davidse & D’Arcy 10419 (MO, SP); 10 February 1949, Handro 118 (SP, SPF).

Distribution:— Northeastern, southeastern and southern Brazil: Bahia, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, S"o Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina. TDWG code: 84 BZE-BA BZL-ES BZL-RJ BZL-SP BZS-PR BZS-SC.

Taxonomic notes:— Many different interpretations were given to the accessory lip structures in species of Paradisanthus . Originally described as unguiculate, erect lateral lobes with a sac between them ( Reichenbach 1852b), Pupulin et al. (2009b) described them as unguiculate or sessile with an antrorse callus. We agree with Hoehne (1953), who described it as unguiculate without lateral lobes, but we characterize the callus as semi-conic, retrorse with irregular margins.

Cogniaux (1898b), Hoehne (1953) and Schlechter (1918b) distinguished the species of Paradisanthus based on leaf width, lip shape, presence of hair on the callus, and callus margin. Pabst & Dungs (1977) apparently also followed the same circumscriptions. However, after examination of the nomenclatural types and many specimens, it was observed that these authors possibly based their concepts on misinterpreted structures repeated in the literature with few specimens personally examined. Variation in leaf width and lip shape and size are not useful for identifying natural taxa because transitional forms are often found. In addition to that, a hairy inner lip surface is present in all specimens.

The northernmost distribution of species is Bahia, where flowers of most continental (Chapada Diamantina) and coastal specimens (from Valença to Una) are described in herbarium specimens as white to pinkish. However, flowers of a few scattered specimens from coastal regions also are reported to be green. Specimens south of Una always described as green. At this time, we were not able to gather enough field information about distribution of colour patterns within and between populations from Bahia to segregate morphotypes as different taxa. In addition to colour, there is no obvious morphological discontinuity between collections. The selected lectotype of P. bahiensis has white flowers in concordance with the protologue, whereas all other names were described as green.

Nomenclatural note:— The type of Paradisanthus bahiensis was not found at W-R. In this herbarium, there are three sheets under the same name with original Reichenbach identifications (W-R 3325, 38097, 38098, see additional material examined). There is also a sheet with an original identification by the same, but under P. mosenii (W-R 38118), mounted with an illustration referred as a Kramer specimen, the same type collector of P. bahiensis (W-R 38118). On sheet W-R 38097 there is an illustration by Reichenbach that is dated September 1880, so this illustration cannot be considered part of the lectotype because it is dated after the protologue. W-R 38098 is to be disregarded because it also postdates the protologue. There are fragments of P. mosenii and pseudobulbs and rhizome of an unidentifiable orchid. Due to the impossibility of identifying original material, we were unable to choose a lectotype among these three sheets, so we opted to choose a neotype that is unrelated to them.

It was observed in original of Paradisanthus mosenii in Mosén’s herbarium at S that specimen numbers refer to a sequence of genera and species, not collection numbers. Thus, different specimens could be placed under the same number. The lectotype of P. mosenii was chosen among distributed duplicates under the number cited in the protologue. It is not possible to confirm that specimen Mosén 3486 (P 447841) is a nomenclatural type because there is no information of its provenance or date. It was obtained from the Glaziou herbarium, identified with unknown handwriting, which was not that of Mosén, Barbosa Rodrigues or Glaziou.

The holotype of Koellensteinia espiritosantensis was not found at MBML. In the spirit collection there we found a well-preserved specimen identical to the illustration in the protologue, for which morphology agrees with the number and shape of pseudobulbs and leaves and inflorescence branching. There is a new label made after the floods that destroyed part of the herbarium in 2000: “10/03/1954; Koellensteinia espiritosantensis Ruschi ”. Ruschi did not always cite the herbarium in which he deposited his specimens, and there are no data in the spirit specimen that allows it to be inferred as the holotype. Probably there was a mistake when transcribing and distributing the new labels among the broken jars. No record book was found to crosslink the spirit specimen data and protologue. Because of this, we choose the original illustration as lectotype.

For first time Paradisanthus mosenii var. virens is registered as a name in scheda.

Figures

FIGURE 3. Aganisia cyanea f. cyanea. A. Plant in situ. B. Cultivated specimen. C. Aganisia cyanea f. alba. D. Aganisia pulchella. E. Cheiradenia cuspidata. Paradisanthus bahiensis. F. Typical colour form. G. Southern colour form. A. Pessoa et al. 369 (INPA), by Edlley M. Pessoa. B – C. By AWZ Orchids. D. Cavalcanti et al. 713 (UFP). By D. Cavalcanti. E. By Rudolf Jenny. Available through Swiss Orchid Foundation at Herbarium Jeny Renz. F. By Alex Popovkin. G. van den Berg et al. 184 (ESA). By Cássio van den Berg.

FIGURE 4. Distribution of Cheiradenia (sole species C. cuspidata).

FIGURE 9. Distribution of Paradisanthus (sole species P. bahiensis).