Amblyops G.O. Sars, 1872

Wittmann, Karl J., 2024, The Mysidae (Crustacea, Mysida) of the ANDEEP I-III expeditions to the Antarctic deep sea with the description of twelve new species, establishment of four new genera and with world-wide keys to the species of Erythropinae and Mysidellinae, European Journal of Taxonomy 940, pp. 1-180 : 24-26

Genus Amblyops G.O. Sars, 1872

Amblyopsis G.O. Sars, 1869: 328–330 (junior homonym of the blind cave fish Amblyopsis De Kay, 1842 ).

Amblyops G.O. Sars, 1872a: 3–4 (replacement name for the junior homonym Amblyopsis , definition).

Pseudomma – M. Sars 1869: 262 (partim, in species list).

Amblyopsis – Stebbing 1893: 269 (in synonymy). — Hernández-Payán & Hendrickx 2020: 178 (morphology, in comparison).

Amblyops – Banner 1948a: 382 (diagnosis). — Tattersall & Tattersall 1951: 246–247 (description). — O.S. Tattersall 1955: 103–104 (comparison of species); 1965: 14–15 (list of generic characters, Antarctic). — Ii 1964: 271–272 (diagnosis; comparison with Amblyopsoides ). — Birstein & Tchindonova 1970: 284 (inventory, distribution). — Kathman et al. 1986: 95 (key to species, Northeast Pacific). — Tchindonova 1993: 153, 157 (taxonomy; distribution). — Murano 2012: 50–51 (diagnosis, revision). — Wittmann et al. 2014: 336, figs 18, 42 (morphology, taxonomy). — Meland et al. 2015: 4, 23 (eye morphology, biogeography). — Petryashov & Frutos 2017: 404– 405 (taxonomy, in key). — Wittmann & Chevaldonné 2021: 211 (morphology, sensory organs). — Mees & Meland 2024: AphiaID 119832 (accepted).

Diagnosis

Carapace normal, no rostrum. Eye rudiments immotile, without stalks, closely set though separate, not connected by membranous integument, dorsoventrally compressed, reduced to essentially horizontal pads, no tooth-like non-sensory projection. Eyes without any or with strongly reduced ommatidia; ocular papilla present in most species.Antennal peduncle 4-segmented with oblique border between second and dorsally overlapping third segment. Scale with small apical segment; lateral margin bare up to a large tooth, in most species mesially accompanied by small teeth or spines; bare portion contributes more than ¾ of scale length. Thoracomeres and pleomeres normal. Thoracic endopods not prehensile, endopods 3–8 with unsegmented carpus separated from 2-segmented propodus by an oblique articulation. Female with 2–3 pairs of well-developed oostegites. Male pleopods biramous, setose, no spines; any ramus of pleopod 4 may bear modified setae. Endopod 1 unsegmented, all exopods and endopods 2–5 multi-segmented. Female pleopods reduced to uniramous setose plates with pseudobranchial lobe. Both rami of uropods unsegmented, setose all around; endopod without or with a few spines. Telson normal, no terminal incision, no lateral constriction, lateral margins not serrated. Most species with spines on lateral margins and with pair of setae flanked by spines on terminal margin.

Type species

Amblyopsis abbreviata G.O. Sars, 1869 , by original designation according to ICZN (1999), Article 68.2.1. G.O. Sars (1872a) explicitly replaced the preoccupied generic name Amblyopsis G.O. Sars, 1869 , with the modified name Amblyops G.O. Sars, 1872 . The subsequent designation of the nomenclatorial combination Amblyops abbreviatus (G.O. Sars, 1869) as type species by Murano (2012) does not fully conform to the Code; however, it is tautological in practice. The taxon is currently acknowledged as Amblyops abbreviatus (G.O. Sars, 1869) . As previously unknown features, the ocular papilla bears a terminal toroidal bulge surrounding a central pore, and the basal segment of the antennular trunk shows a dorsal antennular bursa, as revealed by the present inspection of six specimens from the Hjeltefjord in Norway, NE Atlantic, 61°35ʹ N, 4°55ʹ E, depth 260 m, 4 July 1978, leg. Jan Helge Fosså and Torleiv Brattegard. In both sexes of this material the length of the ocular papilla shows a wide range of 1/20–⅕ of the antero-posterior extension of the eye rudiments.

Nomenclatorial notes

The terms ‘ cauda ’ and ‘ spina ’ are Latin nouns rather than adjectives, so the original spellings of A. tenuicauda W.M. Tattersall, 1911 , and A. aequispina Birstein & Tchindonova, 1958 , are here retained according to ICZN (1999: Art. 32.3). The use of these species names as adjectives would have required explicit statements upon first description (Art. 31.2.2). Due to the absence of such statements, the adjectives ‘tenuicaudus ’ and ‘aequispinus’ are considered incorrect subsequent spellings. The invalid spellings were recently used by Murano (2012), San Vicente (2017) and Astthorsson & Brattegard (2022), the original spellings by San Vicente et al. (2013), Petryashov & Frutos (2017), ITIS (2019), Golovan et al. (2019), Wittmann (2020) and Mees & Meland (2024). Therefore, the potentially prevailing use of incorrect spellings does not match with ICZN (1999: Art. 33.3.1).

Species included (24 species acknowledged)

– A. abbreviatus (G.O. Sars, 1869) from boreal and arctic waters of the N Atlantic: Bay of Biscay, Ireland, Norway, Iceland Basin, off Greenland, Cape Cod area, Canadian Atlantic, 40– 81° N, 13– 72° W, depth 150–1400 m ( Tattersall & Tattersall 1951; Brandt et al. 1996; Dewicke 2002; Vanquickelberghe 2004; Murano 2012; Astthorsson & Brattegard 2022), whereas Pacific populations were attributed to A. pacificus in the original description of the latter species by Murano (2012)

– A. aequispina Birstein & Tchindonova, 1958 from the NW Pacific: Kurile-Kamchatka Trench, 43– 56° N, 152– 162° E, depth 4830–5780 m ( Birstein & Tchindonova 1958; Golovan et al. 2019)

– A. amamiensis Murano, 2012 from the NW Pacific: Amami-Ohshima Island, SW Japan, 29° N, 130° E, depth about 1000 m ( Murano 2012)

– A. antarcticus O.S. Tattersall, 1955 from the Southern Ocean: South Sandwich Islands, South Shetland Islands, Ross Sea, Weddell Sea, 57– 78° S, depth 567–810 m (O.S. Tattersall 1955; San Vicente 2010)

– A. arianii sp. nov. from the western Southern Ocean: Bellingshausen Sea, Drake Passage, South Sandwich Trench, Weddell Sea, Cape Basin, 41– 63° S, 9° E – 64° W, depth 2092–4698 m

– A. australiensis Murano, 2012 from the E Indian Ocean: Sahul Shelf, Timor Sea, 13° S, 123° E, depth 535–547 m ( Murano 2012)

– A. bipapillatus sp. nov. from the western Southern Ocean: Weddell Slope, Powell Basin, 62– 71° S, 15– 47° W, depth 1182–3103 m

– A. durbani O.S. Tattersall, 1955 from the SW Indian Ocean: off Durban, SE Africa, 29° S, 32° E, depth ≤ 416 m (O.S. Tattersall 1955; Mauchline & Murano 1977)

– A. ewingi Băcescu, 1967 from widely separated localities in the Pacific: off Japan, Peru Trench, 8° S – 42° N, 80° W – 144° E, depth 1997–2519 m ( Mauchline & Murano 1977; Fukuoka 2009)

– A. izuensis Murano, 2012 from the NW Pacific: Sagami Bay, central Japan, about 35° N, 139° E, depth 1685–1708 m ( Murano 2012)

– A. kashimensis Murano, 2012 from the NW Pacific: Kashima Sea, central Japan, detailed coordinates and depth unknown ( Murano 2012)

– A. kempi ( Holt & Tattersall, 1905) from the N Atlantic: Bay of Biscay, W Ireland, Iceland Basin, Canadian Atlantic, 44– 65° N, 6– 58° W, depth 200–1464 m ( Wright 1973; Anadón 1993; Vanquickelberghe 2004; Astthorsson & Brattegard 2022)

– A. longisquamosus Murano & Mauchline, 1999 from the NE Atlantic: Rockall Trough, 57° N, 10° W, depth 1500–1809 m ( Murano & Mauchline 1999)

– A. magnus Birstein & Tchindonova, 1958 from the N Pacific: Kurile-Kamtchatka Trench, Japan Trench, Mariana Trench, 11– 49° N, 141– 159° E, depth 4480–7260 m ( Birstein & Tchindonova 1958; Fukuoka 2009; Kou et al. 2018)

– A. manazuruensis Murano, 2012 from the NW Pacific: Sagami Bay, central Japan, 35° N, 139° E, depth 360–460 m ( Murano 2012)

– A. okinawensis Murano, 2012 from the NW Pacific: NE of Okinawa Island, SW Japan, 27° N, 129° E, depth 870–945 m ( Murano, 2012)

– A. pacificus Murano, 2012 with a wide range in the N Pacific, 39– 57° N, 155° E – 131° W, depth 180–1543 m ( Murano 2012; as A. abbreviata in Banner 1948 a, Birstein & Tchindonova 1958 and Petryashov 2005)

– A. sagamiensis Murano, 2012 , from the NW Pacific: Sagami Bay, central Japan, 35° N, 139° E, depth ≤ 1000 m ( Murano 2012)

– A. spiniferus Nouvel & Lagardère, 1976 from the NE Atlantic: Bay of Biscay, Iceland Basin, 43– 63° N, 2– 27° W, depth 280–1500 m ( Nouvel & Lagardère 1976; Meland & Brattegard 2007; Frutos & Sorbe 2013; San Vicente et al. 2013)

– A. surugensis Murano, 2012 from the NW Pacific: Izu Peninsula, central Japan, about 35° N, 139° E, depth 1770–1780 m ( Murano 2012)

– A. tattersalli Zimmer, 1914 is circum-Antarctic, 41– 78° S, depth 385–4931 m ( Price 2001; Dewicke 2002; San Vicente et al. 2013; Wittmann 2020; Astthorsson & Brattegard 2022)

– A. tenuicauda W.M. Tattersall, 1911 from the E Atlantic: Angola Basin, Bay of Biscay, W Ireland, Iceland Basin, 22° S – 63° N, 5° E – 22° W, depth 450–5433 m ( Price 2001; Dewicke 2002; San Vicente et al. 2013; Wittmann 2020; Astthorsson & Brattegard 2022)

– A. timorensis Murano, 2012 from the E Indian Ocean: Timor Sea, 10° S, 128° E, depth 465–490 m ( Murano 2012)

– A. trisetosus Nouvel & Lagardère, 1976 from the NE Atlantic: Bay of Biscay, Iceland Basin, 44– 62° N, 2– 17° W, depth 680–2300 m ( Nouvel & Lagardère 1976; Meland & Brattegard 2007; San Vicente et al. 2013)