CARDIIDAE Lamarck, 1809

Coan, Eugene V., Pacaud, Jean-Michel & Kabat, Alan R., 2024, Gérard-Paul Deshayes (1796 - 1875) and his taxa, Geodiversitas 46 (16), pp. 553-930 : 733-740

Family CARDIIDAE Lamarck, 1809

Cardium (Discors) – Deshayes, 1858-DescrCoqFoss: 553, 569- 570. — Type species (T): Cardium discors Lamarck, 1805 , non Montagu, 1803. Cardium parisiense d’Orbigny, 1850b (d’Orbigny 1850b: 387, no. 984), replacement name. Hylleberg (2004: 471- 472; Nevesskaja et al. 2013: 339, fig. 121-6). — Current status: Discors is a valid genus.

Globus – Deshayes, 1832-EncyMeth: 170, ex Klein ms. Not used as a valid name, but associated with this family.

absconditum , Cardium – Deshayes, 1857-TraitElem: 48. Replacement name for Cardium incertum Deshayes, 1838 (see below), non J. Phillips, 1829, nec Bronn, 1832, nec Goldfuss, 1837. Listed by Hylleberg (2004: 361, as “1853”, 564). — Type locality: Crimean Peninsula. — Type age: Pliocene. Hylleberg (2004: 380) also listed a Cardium ansconditum Deshayes, 1857 , without a page number, no doubt an error for this species. — Current status: Pontalmyra absconditum (Deshayes, 1857) ( Nevesskaja et al. 1997: 50, pl. 10, figs 1-20, pl. 11, figs 1-4; Taviani et al. 2007: 353-254, fig. 2: 1-2, fig. 3, both as P. incerta ). However, the homonym had already been replaced as Cardium edouardi d’Orbigny, 1852 (d’Orbigny 1852: 120, no. 2250), thus Pontalmyra edouardi (d’Orbigny, 1852) .

acardo , Cardium – Deshayes, 1838a: 58-59, [ii], pl. 4, figs 1-5. — Type locality: Crimean Peninsula. — Type age: Pliocene. — Type species (M) of Arcicardium P. Fischer, 1887 . — Current status: Arcicardium acardo (Deshayes, 1838) . ( Nevesskaja et al. 1997: 126-127, pl. 59, figs 1-8, pl. 60, fig. 1; Nevesskaja et al. 2001: S198; Hylleberg 2004: 362; Nevesskaja et al. 2013: 357, fig. 129-3).

aequale , Cardium – Deshayes, 1855c: 332. — Type locality: none given; Cuming coll. — Type age: Recent. — Type material: NHMUK 1974136, holotype. Corculum aequale (Deshayes, 1855) from the Andaman Sea ( Hylleberg 2004: 369, 913, misdated in header as “1854”; Huber 2010a: 299). — Current status: Corculum cardissa “forma ” aequale (Deshayes, 1855) ( Poppe 2017: 86, pl. 1343, fig. 2). alveolatum, Cardium – Deshayes, 1857-TraitElem: 64. A new species based on a German fossil record of Cardium striatulum Brocchi, 1814 , by Goldfuss (1837: 223, pl. 145, fig. 5). — Type locality: Kassel, Germany. — Type age: Oligocene (Chattian). Listed by Hylleberg (2004: 375). — Current status: nomen inquirendum.

angulosum , Cardium – Deshayes, 1857-TraitElem: 47. Replacement name for Cardium carinatum Deshayes, 1838 (see below), non Bronn, 1832. — Current status: Plagiodacna angulosa (Deshayes, 1857) ( Glibert & Van de Poel 1970: 63; Hylleberg 2004: 379, as “1853”, 428; Nevesskaja et al. 2013: 357, fig. 129-4, but as P. “ carinatum ”).

aperturatum , Cardium – Deshayes, 1857-TraitElem: 48. Replacement name for Cardium emarginatum Deshayes, 1838 (see below), non Deshayes, 1829. Hylleberg (2004: 382, as “1853” and once as “ aperta ”, 500, as “1837”). Bosphoricardium emarginatum (Deshayes, 1853) ( Nevesskaja et al. 2013: 343, fig. 123-1). However, the homonym had already been replaced as Cardium subemarginatum d’Orbigny, 1852 (d’Orbigny 1852: 119, no. 2238). — Current status: Bosphoricardium subemarginatum (d’Orbigny, 1852) .

austriacum, Cardium – Deshayes, 1857-TraitElem: 49, non Hauer, 1853. New species for a fossil figured as Cardium umbonatum J. Sowerby, 1817 , by Goldfuss (1837: 223, pl. 145, fig. 6). — Type locality: Vienna, Austria. — Type age: Neogene. Hylleberg (2004: 395, as “1853”, 820).

aviculinum, Cardium – Deshayes , 1829-DescrCoqFoss: 179-180, 17, pl. 35, figs 1-3 [in text as “pl. 33”; 1837-DescrCoqFoss: 810 [error corrected]; 1858-DescrCoqFoss: 551. — Type locality: Thiverval-Grignon. — Type age: Eocene (Lutetian). — Type material: MNHN.F.A85537, holotype (Brongniart coll.). Original material did not come from Thiverval-Grignon, but more likely from the Quaternary or Recent (Deshayes, 1858: 551). Listed by Hylleberg (2004: 395). – Current status: likely synonym of Fragum fragum (Linnaeus, 1758) (Pacaud herein).

bazini , Cardium – Deshayes, 1858-DescrCoqFoss [May]: 552 [nomen nudum]; 1858-DescrCoqFoss [August]: 553-554, 56, pl. 56, figs 1-4 [in text as pl. 57]; 1865-DescrCoqFoss: 665 [error noted]. — Type localities: Bracheux, Jonchery-sur-Vesle, Gueux & Châlons-sur-Vesle. — Type age: Paleocene (Thanetian). 1858: 552. Cardium (Cardium) bazini Deshayes, 1858 ( Glibert & Van de Poel 1970: 57). Cardium (Bucardium) bazini Deshayes, 1858 ( Le Renard & Pacaud 1995: 74; Hylleberg 2004: 398-399). — Current status: Bucardium bazini (Deshayes, 1858) ( Leroy et al. 2014: 28, pl. 11, figs 6-7).

bicolor, Cardium – Deshayes, 1855c: 330. — Type locality: none given; Cuming coll. — Type age: Recent. — Current status: taxon inquirendum ( Hylleberg 2004: 404).

bouei , Cardium – Deshayes, 1858-DescrCoqFoss: 567; 55, as Cardium pulchrum , pl. 55, figs 25-28. Cardium pulchrum Deshayes, 1858 , is non Reeve, 1845. — Type localities: Thiverval-Grignon, Auvers-sur-Oise, Beauchamp, Montigny, Le Guépelle, Beauval, La Ferté-sous-Jouarre, Saint-Sulpice, Ézanville, Le Fayel & Verneuil. — Type age: Eocene (Bartonian). — Current status: Loxocardium bouei (Deshayes, 1858) ( Glibert & Van de Poel 1970: 48; Le Renard & Pacaud 1995: 74; Hylleberg 2004: 409, 742; Pacaud 2008: 90; Courville et al. 2012: 59, pl. 1, fig. 11).

brevialatum, Cardium – Deshayes, 1857-TraitElem: 48. Replacement name for Cardium semialatum Andrzejowski, 1832 ( Andrzejowski 1832: 565) [nomen nudum], non Münster, 1840. — Type locality: none given. — Type age: not stated. Hylleberg (2004: 411, as “1853”, 757]. A doubly unnecessary replacement name for a senior homonym that was a nomen nudum. Thus, also a nomen nudum. Münster’s species is a Honeoyea in the Praecardiidae . buvignieri , Cardium – Deshayes, 1857-TraitElem: 49. Replacement name for Cardium striatum Buvignier, 1843 ( Buvignier 1843: 229-230, pl. 2, figs 20-21), non Wulff, 1790, nec Wuleus, 1793, nec Spengler, 1799, nec Defrance, 1817, nec J. de C. Sowerby, in Murchison, 1839, nec (de Koninck, 1842). — Type locality: Saint Mihiel. — Type age: Jurassic. The type species (SD Cossmann, 1906) of Pterocardia Bayan, 1874 , is Cardium corallinum Leymeire, 1846 , non Linnaeus, 1758, which has been regarded as a synonym of this Deshayes species. — Current status: Pterocardia buvignieri (Deshayes, 1857) ( Hylleberg 2004: 416-417, as “1853”, 799; Nevesskaja et al. 2013: 366, fig. 133-10; Fürsich & Pan 2014: 30, 36, pl. 11, fig. 11).

californiense , Cardium – Deshayes, 1839d: 360; 1841: 2, pl. 47. — Type locality: California; Mr. Chiron. — Type age: Recent. — Type material: MNHN-IM-2000-3970, syntype;MNHN-IM-2000-3971, syntype. — Type species (OD) of Keenocardium Kafanov, 1974 . Kafanov (1974), believing that Cardium boreale Broderip & G. B. Sowerby I, 1829, was an overlooked earlier name for this species, requested that the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature suppress it. However, after comments by Heppell (1984), it was decided that the older name is a nomen dubium , and the petition was not accepted (Melleville, 1984). — Current status: Keenocardium californiense (Deshayes, 1839) ( Coan et al. 2000: 354- 355; Hylleberg 2004: 417, 852, who also noted a misspelling of this name byGladenkov & Sinelnikova (1990) as C. “ californense ”; Qi 2004: 262, pl. 144, fig. N; Kantor & Sysoev 2005: 355; Huber 2010a: 308; Nevesskaja et al. 2013: 341, fig. 122-3; Matsukuma, in Okutani 2017: 1239, pl. 534, fig. 9).

carinatum , Cardium – Deshayes, 1838a: 54, [i], pl. 2, figs 16-18, non Bronn, 1832. — Type locality: Crimean Peninsula. — Type age: Pliocene. Cardium angulosum Deshayes, 1857 , replacement name. — Type species (SD Cossmann, 1904) of Plagiodacna Andrussov, 1903 . — Current status: Plagiodacna angulosa (Deshayes, 1857) ( Nevesskaja et al. 1997: 129, pl. 61, figs 3-10; Nevesskaja et al. 2001: S199, both without noting the replacement name).

caspicum, Cardium – Deshayes, 1857-TraitElem: 45. Spelling error for Cardium caspium Reeve, 1845 .

cleryi , Cardium – Deshayes, 1857-TraitElem: 47. Replacement name for Cardium acuticostatum d’Orbigny, 1841 (pl. 12, figs 19-22), 1843 (p. 120-121), non Münster, 1834. — Type localities: Isla Quiriquina, north of Conception, Chile & Paita, Peru; “Tertiary” [Cretaceous (Campanian/Maastrichtian)]. — Type material: MNHN.F.A24901, lectotype; MNHN.F.R05697, MNHN.F.A13876, 23 paralectotypes from Isla Quiriquina; MNHN.F.A13876, 1 paralectotype from Paita, Peru. Hylleberg (2004: 366, 442, as “1853”). Listed by Freneix & Grant-Mackie (1978: 513) as “ Cardium acuticostatum d’Orbigny, 1842 ”, not knowing about the replacement name and misdating the species. — Current status: Bucardium cleryi (Deshayes, 1857) .

convexum , Cardium – Deshayes, 1858-DescrCoqFoss: 559, 55, pl. 55, figs 18-21. — Type locality: Aizy-Jouy. — Type age: Eocene (Ypresian). — Type material: MNHN.F.A27175, syntype. Cardium (Vepricardium) convexum (Deshayes, 1858) ( Glibert & Van de Poel 1970: 50-51) . — Current status: Agnocardia convexum (Deshayes, 1858) ( Le Renard & Pacaud 1995: 74; Hylleberg 2004: 448).

corbuloides , Cardium – Deshayes, 1838a: 54-55, [i], pl. 1, figs 11- 13. — Type locality: Crimean Peninsula. — Type age: Pliocene. — Type species (OD) of Sinupontalmyra Papaianopol, 1981 , but which is probably unavailable because there is no diagnosis (ICZN Code Art. 13.1.1). — Current status: Pseudocatillus corbuloides (Deshayes, 1838) ( Nevesskaja et al. 1997: 73, p. 25, figs 9-20, pl. 26, figs 1-4; Nevesskaja et al. 2001: S192).

crassatellatum , Cardium –Deshayes, 1838a: 51, [i], pl. 3, figs 7-10. — Type locality: Crimean Peninsula. — Type age: Pliocene. Didacna crassatellata (Deshayes, 1838) ( Hylleberg 2004: 454-455) . — Type species (OD) of Crassadacna Ebersin, 1962. Didacna (Crassadacna) crassatellatum (Deshayes, 1838) ( Glibert & Van de Poel 1970: 63) . — Current status: Pontalmyra crassatellata (Deshayes, 1838) ( Nevesskaja et al. 1997: 65, pl. 22, figs 1-8; Nevesskaja et al. 2001: S191).

cygnorum , Cardium – Deshayes, 1855c: 331. — Type locality: Moluccas; Cuming coll. — Type age: Recent. — Type material: NHMUK 1971023, 3 syntypes. — Current status: Acrosterigma cygnorum (Deshayes, 1855) ( Wilson & Stevenson 1977: 89-92; Vidal 1999: 279-280, figs 2K, 3A-B; Hylleberg 2004: 460, 874, 892, 927; Huber 2010a: 296).

debile, Cardium – Deshayes, 1855c: 332. — Type locality: China ; Cuming coll. — Type age: Recent. — Current status: taxon inquirendum ( Hylleberg 2004: 463-464).

defectum, Cardium – Deshayes, 1857-TraitElem: 47. New species based on Cardium decussatum Mantell, 1828 , as figured by Münster, in Goldfuss (1837: 222, pl. 145, fig. 2). — Type locality: Koesfeld, Germany. — Type age: Cretaceous. Hylleberg (2004: 464, as “1853”). — Current status: nomen inquirendum.

defrancii , Cardium – Deshayes, 1858-DescrCoqFoss: 560-561, 56, pl. 56, figs 25-28. — Type localities: Etréchy, Jeurre & Morigny-Champigny. — Type age: Oligocene (Rupelian). Parvicardium defrancii (Deshayes, 1858) ( Glibert & Van de Poel 1970: 43, as P. “ defrancei ”). — Current status: Afrocardium defrancii (Deshayes, 1858) ( Hylleberg 2004: 464-465; Lozouet & Maestrati 2012a: 254, 256, fig. 162: 17-20, both as A. “ defrancei ”).

depressum , Cardium – Deshayes, 1838a: 47-48, [i], pl. 2, figs 19- 23. — Type locality: Crimean Peninsula. — Type age: Pliocene. Didacna depressa (Deshayes, 1838) ( Hylleberg 2004: 466) . — Current status: Oraphocardium depressum (Deshayes, 1838) ( Nevesskaja et al. 1997: 88, pl. 34, figs 1-4; Nevesskaja et al. 2001: S194).

difficile, Cardium (Protocardia) – Deshayes, 1858-DescrCoqFoss: 572, 55, pl. 55, figs 6-7. — Type locality: Cuisy-en-Almont. — Type age: Eocene (Ypresian). Synonym of Protocardium hornesi (Deshayes, 1858) ( Cossmann 1886a: 176-177; Hylleberg 2004: 470, 554, who misspelled the latter name as “ hoernesi ”). — Current status: Nemocardium hornesi (Deshayes, 1858) ( Le Renard & Pacaud 1995: 75) .

disceptum , Cardium –Deshayes, 1858-DescrCoqFoss: 564, 56, pl. 56, figs 15-17. — Type locality: Auvers-sur-Oise. — Type age: Eocene (Bartonian). Synonym of Loxocardium obliquum ( Lamarck, 1805) [ Cardium ] ( Hylleberg 2004: 471, 658). However, Lamarck’s species is a primary junior homonym, non Spengler, 1799, although the latter is now considered to be a synonym of the living Dinocardium robustum ([Lightfoot], 1786) [ Cardium ]. Cardium disceptum and Cardium bouei Deshayes, 1858 , are both synonyms. Here we apply ICZN Code Art. 24.2.2 and give precedence to Cardium bouei , published at the same date and in the same work, and consider Cardium disceptum Deshayes, 1858 , to be a subjective synonym. — Current status: synonym of Loxocardium bouei (Deshayes, 1858)

dulce, Cardium – Deshayes , 1863: 12-13, pl. 2, figs 4-5. — Type locality: La Réunion. — Type age: Recent. — Type material: MNHN-IM-2000-3979, lectotype ; MNHN-IM-2000-3980, 4 paralectotypes. — Current status: Fulvia (Fulvia) dulcis (Deshayes, 1863) ( Hylleberg 2004: 477-478, 888 – paralectotype) .

edentulum, Cardium – Deshayes, 1838a: 57-58, [i], pl. 3, figs 3-6, non Montagu, 1808, nec J. Fleming, 1813. — Type locality: Crimean Peninsula. — Type age: Pliocene. Cardium subedentulum d’Orbigny, 1852 (d’Orbigny 1852: 120, no. 2251), replacement name. — Type species (M) of Pteradacna Andrusov, 1907 . — Current status: Didacna (Pontalmyra) edentula (Deshayes, 1838) ( Glibert & Van de Poel 1970: 63) . Pteradacna subedentula (d’Orbigny, 1852) ( Hylleberg 2004: 484, 783; Nevesskaja et al. 1997: 90, pl. 35, figs 1-10; 2001: S194; 2013: 353, fig. 127-4, all without noting the replacement name).

edwardsi , Cardium (Protocardia) –Deshayes, 1858-DescrCoqFoss [May]: 552 [nomen nudum]; 1858-DescrCoqFoss[August]: 571-572. — Type localities: Bracheux, Abbecourt, Noailles, Jonchery-sur-Vesle, Gueux, Châlons-sur-Vesle, Trigny & Brimont; La Palarea & Le Puget. — Type age: Paleocene (Thanetian). Nemocardium (Nemocardium) edwardsi (Deshayes, 1858) ( Glibert & Van de Poel 1970: 29; Le Renard & Pacaud 1995: 74; Leroy et al. 2014: 28, pl. 11, figs 9-10). — Current status: synonym of Nemocardium semigranulatum (J. Sowerby, 1816) ( Hylleberg 2004: 492, who mistakenly credited the latter to Deshayes; corrected on his p. 758).

elegantulum , Cardium – Deshayes, 1857-TraitElem: 48, non Möller, 1842, nec F. A. Roemer, 1849, nec d’Orbigny, 1850. Replacement name for Cardium elegans Nyst, 1845a ( Nyst 1845a: 192-193, pl. 7, figs 1b, d), non ( Münster, 1840) [ Cardiola ]. — Type locality: Vliermael, Belgium. — Type age: Tertiary. Hylleberg (2004: 494, 495, as “1853). — Current status: synonym of Cardium subelegans d’Orbigny, 1852 (d’Orbigny 1852: 21), an earlier replacement name for Nyst’s homonym.

emarginatum , Cardium –Deshayes, 1829-DescrCoqFoss: 178-179, 15 [as C. “ marginatum ”], pl. 29, figs 3-4; 1835-HistNatAnim2: 422-423; 1839-HistNatAnim3: 634; 1837-DescrCoqFoss: 811 [error in pl. expl. corrected];1858-DescrCoqFoss: 576, as Cardium (Hemicardium) . — Type locality: Thiverval-Grignon. — Type age: Eocene (Bartonian). — Type species (OD) of Byssocardium Tournouër, 1882 , ex Munier-Chalmas ms. Avicularium (Byssocardium) emarginatum (Deshayes, 1829) ( Glibert & Van de Poel 1970: 68) . — Current status: Byssocardium emarginatum (Deshayes, 1829) ( Le Renard & Pacaud 1995: 75; Hylleberg 2004: 499, 500; Nevesskaja et al. 2013: 419, fig. 153-2).

emarginatum , Cardium – Deshayes, 1838a: 48, [i], pl. 1, figs 7-10, non Deshayes, 1829. — Type locality: Crimean Peninsula. — Type age: Pliocene. Cardium aperturatum Deshayes, 1857 , replacement name (see above). — Type species (OD) of Bosphoricardium Eberzin, 1947 . Lymnocardium aperturatum (Deshayes, 1857) ( Hylleberg 2004: 382, as “1853”, 500, as “1837”). Bosphoricardium emarginatum (Deshayes, 1853) ( Nevesskaja et al. 2013: 343, fig. 123-1). However, the homonym had already been replaced as Cardium subemarginatum d’Orbigny, 1852 (d’Orbigny 1852: 119, no. 2238). — Current status: Bosphoricardium subemarginatum (d’Orbigny, 1852) .

fabricii, Cardium – Deshayes, 1855c: 333. — Type locality: Greenland; Cuming coll. — Type age: Recent. — Type material: NHMUK 1974138, 3 syntypes.— Current status: synonym of Serripes (Serripes) groenlandicus (Mohr, 1786) ( Hylleberg 2004: 509, 854 – syntype; Kantor & Sysoev 2005: 356).

festivum , Cardium – Deshayes, 1855c: 332. — Type locality: New Ireland Island, Papua New Guinea; Cuming coll. — Type age: Recent. — Type material: NHMUK 1974134, 3 syntypes. — Type species (OD) of Microfragum Habe, 1951 . — Current status: Microfragum festivum (Deshayes, 1855) ( Hylleberg 2004: 512, 888 – syntypes; Huber 2010a: 300; Poorten, in Poppe 2011: 218, pl. 1104, figs 2-4; Matsukuma, in Okutani 2017: 1237, pl. 532, fig. 13).

forbesii, Cardita – Deshayes, 1857-TraitElem: 170. Replacement name Cardita striata Forbes, 1846 ( Forbes 1846: 144, pl. 14, fig. 1), non J. Sowerby, 1815, nec Geinitz, 1840, nec F. A. Roemer, 1841. — Type locality: Pondicherry, India. — Type age: Cretaceous. Protocardium forbesi (Deshayes, 1857) (Stoliczka 1871: 213, as P. “ forbesi ”). Protocardium Geinitz, 1874 , is an unjustified emendation of Protocardia Beyrich, 1845 . — Current status: Protocardia forbesi (Deshayes, 1857) .

formosum , Cardium – Deshayes, 1858-DescrCoqFoss: 563-564, 56, pl. 56, figs 8-11. — Type locality: Parnes. — Type age: Eocene (Lutetian). — Type species (SD Crosse, 1887) of Loxocardium Cossmann, 1886 . — Current status: Loxocardium formosum (Deshayes, 1858) ( Glibert & Van de Poel 1970: 48; Le Renard & Pacaud 1995: 74; Hylleberg 2004: 517-518, 605; Nevesskaja et al. 2013: 339, fig. 122-5).

fraterculus , Cardium (Protocardia) –Deshayes, 1858-DescrCoqFoss: 575, 54, pl. 54, figs 4-6. — Type localities: Chaumont-en-Vexin, Les Groux & Parnes. — Type age: Eocene (Lutetian). — Current status: Nemocardium (Nemocardium) fraterculus (Deshayes, 1858) ( Glibert & Van de Poel 1970: 29; Hylleberg 2004: 523; Le Renard & Pacaud 1995: 75; Pacaud 2008: 90).

fraudator, Cardium (Protocardia) – Deshayes, 1858-DescrCoqFoss: 570–571, 54, pl. 54, figs 7-8. — Type locality: Retheuil. — Type age: Eocene (Ypresian). Synonym of Nemocardium (Nemocardium) wateleti (Deshayes, 1858) (Cossmann, 1986: 164. — Current status: Nemocardium wateleti (Deshayes, 1858) ( Le Renard & Pacaud 1995: 74; Hylleberg 2004: 523).

gossei, Cardium – Deshayes, 1855c: 330. West Indies; Cuming coll. — Type age: Recent. — Current status: synonym of Dallocardia muricata (Linnaeus, 1758) [ Cardium ] ( Hylleberg 2004: 535, as Trachycardium ).

gourieffi , Cardium – Deshayes, 1838a: 52, [i], pl. 3, figs 1-2. — Type locality: Crimean Peninsula. — Type age: Pliocene.— Current status: Pontalmyra gourieffi (Deshayes, 1838) ( Nevesskaja et al. 1997: 62, pl. 18, figs 1-8; Nevesskaja et al. 2001: S192; Hylleberg 2004: 535).

gratiosum, Cardium – Deshayes, 1855c: 331. — Type locality: Moluccas; Cuming coll. — Type age: Recent. — Type material: NHMUK 1974132, 3 syntypes. — Current status: synonym of Vasticardium flavum (Linnaeus, 1758 [ Cardium ] ( Hylleberg 2004: 538, 862 – syntypes).

gratum , Cardium – Deshayes, 1829-DescrCoqFoss: 165-166, 14, pl. 28, figs 3-5, ex Defrance ms. — Type localities: Mouchy-le-Châtel, Châteaurouge, Hermes, Parnes. — Type age: Eocene (Lutetian). Listed by Hylleberg (2004: 538, as “Defrance in Deshayes, 1825”). — Current status: Cardium (Orthocardium) gratum Deshayes, 1829 ( Glibert & Van de Poel 1970: 52; Pacaud 2008: 90, both references as “Defrance in Deshayes”).

haldeni , Cardium –Deshayes, 1857-TraitElem: 47. Replacement name for Cardium concentricum Forbes, 1845 ( Forbes 1845: 408, figs a-b), non Klöden, 1834. — Type locality: Haldon Hill, England. — Type age: Greensand, Cretaceous (Albian). Hylleberg (2004: 446, 543, as “1853”). Forbes (1845) stated that this species is very close to his own Cardium sphaeroideum Forbes (1845) , the type species (OD) of Globocardium Hayami, 1956 (C. P. Palmer 1974b: 172-174). — Current status: Globocardium haldeni (Deshayes, 1857) seems likely.

hibridum , Cardium – Deshayes, 1829-DescrCoqFoss: 168-169, 14, pl. 28, figs 1-2;1835-HistNatAnim2: 420, as C. hybridum ; 1839-HistNatAnim3: 633, as C. hibridum ; 1858-DescrCoqFoss: 554-555, as C. hybridum . — Type localities: Bracheux & Abbecourt. — Type age: Paleocene (Thanetian). — Current status: Cardium (Orthocardium) hibridum Deshayes, 1829 ( Glibert & Van de Poel 1970: 52, as C. “ hybridum ” and as “1825”; Le Renard & Pacaud 1995: 74, as “ C. hybridum ”; Hylleberg 2004: 551, as “1825”).

hornesi , Cardium (Protocardia) – Deshayes, 1858-DescrCoqFoss: 574, pl. 54, figs 9-11. — Type localities: Cuise-la-Motte, Laon & Mons-en-Laonnois. — Type age: Eocene (Ypresian). While Deshayes may have had the intention of honoring Moriz Hörnes with this name, he did not say so, and his original spelling has to stand. — Current status: Nemocardium (Nemocardium) hornesi (Deshayes, 1858) ( Glibert & Van de Poel 1970 29; Hylleberg 2004: 554, as C. “ hoernesi ”; Le Renard & Pacaud 1995: 75).

hudsoniense, Cardium – Deshayes, 1855c: 331. — Type locality: Hudson Bay, Canada; Cuming coll. — Type age: Recent. — Type material: NHMUK 1974130, holotype. — Current status: synonym of Parvicardium pinnulatum (Conrad, 1831) [ Cardium ] ( Hylleberg 2004: 555, 890 – holotype).

huoti , Cardium – Deshayes, 1857-TraitElem: 45, 48. Replacement name for Cardium planicostatum Deshayes, 1838 (see below), non Cardium planicostatum G. B. Sowerby I, 1833, nec J. de C. Sowerby, in Sedgwick & Murchison, 1832. On p. 45, Deshayes rendered the species to be renamed as C. “ paucicostatum ”, but that is a different Deshayes species. Hylleberg (2004: 557, as “1837”, 699). However, the name had already been replaced as Cardium subplanicostatum d’Orbigny, 1852 (d’Orbigny 1852: 119, no. 2246), but the oldest available name for this species is Cardium verneuilli . — Current status: Pontalmyra verneuilli (Deshayes, 1838) .

hyppopaeum, Cardium – Deshayes, 1829-DescrCoqFoss: 164-165, 14, pl. 27, figs 3-4; 1835-HistNatAnim2: 418;1839-HistNatAnim3: 632, here as C. “ hippopeum ”; 1858-DescrCoqFoss: 554, as synonym of Cardium gigas Defrance, 1817 , and as C. “ hippopeum ”. — Type localities: Chaumont, Parnes, Mouchy-le-Châtel, Châteaurouge & Le Vivray. — Type age: Eocene (Lutetian). Listed by Hylleberg (2004: 551, as Cardium “ hippopaeum Deshayes, 1825”). — Current status: synonym of Discors gigas (Defrance, 1817) ( Glibert & Van de Poel 1970: 32) .

impeditum , Cardium – Deshayes, 1858-DescrCoqFoss: 566, 56, pl. 56, figs 12-14. — Type localities:Hermonville, Damery, Boursault, Saint-Thomas, Chambors, Montagny-en-Vexin, Acy-en-Multien, Saint-Sulpice, Mortefontaine & Le Fayel. — Type age: Eocene (Lutetian-Bartonian). — Current status: Loxocardium impeditum (Deshayes, 1858) ( Glibert & Van de Poel 1970: 49; Le Renard & Pacaud 1995: 74; Hylleberg 2004: 560; Pacaud 2008: 90).

incertum , Cardium – Deshayes, 1838a: 56-57, [i], pl. 2, figs 11-13, non Phillips, 1829, nec Bronn, 1832. — Type locality: Crimean Peninsula. — Type age: Pliocene. Cardium absconditum Deshayes, 1857 , replacement name. However, the homonym had already been replaced as Cardium edouardi d’Orbigny, 1852 (d’Orbigny 1852: 120, no. 2250). — Current status: Pontalmyra edouardi (d’Orbigny, 1852) .

ingratum , Cardium – Deshayes, 1858-DescrCoqFoss: 567-568, 55, pl. 55, figs 15-17. — Type locality: Laon. — Type age: Eocene (Ypresian). — Current status: Loxocardium ingratum (Deshayes, 1858) ( Glibert & Van de Poel 1970: 49; Le Renard & Pacaud 1995: 74; Hylleberg 2004: 566).

insufflatum, Cardium –Deshayes, 1857-TraitElem: 46, 59. Replacement name for Cardium ventricosum d’Orbigny, 1844 (d’Orbigny 1844: 41-42, pl. 257, figs 1-3), non Bruguière, 1789. — Type locality: Rouen, France. — Type age: Cretaceous. — Type material: MNHN.F.R55302, syntype. Hylleberg (2004: 567, as “1853”, 827). However, d’Orbigny, 1850b (d’Orbigny 1850b: 163, no. 351), had already supplied a replacement name, Cardium subventricosum d’Orbigny, 1850 . — Current status: synonym of Granocardium subventricosum (d’Orbigny, 1850) (Pacaud herein).

klodeni, Cardium – Deshayes, 1857-TraitElem: 45, as klödeni, 48, 55, 60. Replacement name for Cardium pectinatum Klöden, 1834 ( Klöden 1834: 213, 377, pl. 3, fig. 11), non Linnaeus, 1758. — Type locality: Berlin, Germany. — Type age: sandy marl, possibly a Tertiary erratic. Hylleberg (2004: 578, as klodeni and “1853”, 687, as C. kloedeni ). While the two original spellings are puzzling, ICZN Code Art. 32.5.2.1 and the person honored would dictate the spelling kloedeni . — Current status: possibly Cardiidae (M. Amler, pers. comm., March 20, 2023).

laperousii , Cardium –Deshayes, 1839d: 360; 1841: 2, pl. 48. — Type locality: California; Mr. Chiron. — Type age: Recent. — Current status: Serripes laperousii (Deshayes, 1839) ( Coan et al. 2000: 356- 357; Hylleberg 2004: 591-592, 853; Kantor & Sysoev 2005: 356; Matsukuma, in Okutani 2017: 1239, pl. 535, fig. 1).

lobulatum , Cardium –Deshayes, 1855c: 332. — Type locality: Philippine Islands; Cuming coll. — Type age: Recent. — Type material: NHMUK 1974135, 3 syntypes. — Current status: Laevicardium lobulatum (Deshayes, 1855) ( Hylleberg 2004: 603, 892 – syntypes; Huber 2010a: 303; Ramakrishna & Dey 2010: 149, as Cardium ; Poorten, in Poppe 2011: 238, pl. 1114, figs 1-3).

macrodon , Cardium –Deshayes, 1838a: 49-50, [i], pl. 1, figs 3-6. — Type locality: Crimean Peninsula. — Type age: Pliocene. — Type species (OD) of Prosodacna Tournouër, 1882 . — Current status: Prosodacna macrodon (Deshayes, 1838) ( Eberzin 1959: 70-75, pl. 8, figs 1-8, pl. 9, figs 1-9, pl. 10, figs 1-9, pl. 11, figs 1-7, pl. 12, figs 1-5; Nevesskaja et al. 1997: 114, pl. 48, figs 19-21, pl. 49, figs 1-10, pl. 50, figs 1-7; Nevesskaja et al. 2001: S201; Hylleberg 2004: 609; Nevesskaja et al. 2013: 357, fig. 130-2).

mauritianum , Cardium – Deshayes, 1855c: 331. — Type locality: Mauritius; Cuming coll. — Type age: Recent. — Type material: NHMUK 1974133, 3 syntypes. — Current status: Acrosterigma mauritianum (Deshayes, 1855) ( Hylleberg 2004: 620, 877 – syntypes).

michelottii , Cardium – Deshayes, 1857-TraitElem: 49, 68. Replacement name for Cardium “ trigonum Michelotti, 1847 ”, non Münster, in Goldfuss, 1837. This species was first named Cardium sulcatus Michelotti, 1839 ( Michelotti 1839: 138). — Type locality: Turin, Italy. — Type age: Miocene. This was a homonym of Cardium sulcatum [correct ending] Lamarck, 1819. Sismonda (1842: 19; 1847: 19) renamed it Cardium trigonum , also a junior homonym. D’Orbigny (1852: 118, no. 2216) then renamed this species Cardium trigonellum . Deshayes’ renaming coming later is thus a synonym. Cardium trigonellum was listed by Hylleberg (2004: 809) as a synonym of Parvicardium papillosum (Poli, 1791) , the type species (OD) of Papillicardium Sacco, 1899 , currently regarded as a full genus. Also listed by Hylleberg (2004: 626, as “1853”, 810), as Parvicardium michelotti . — Current status: Papillicardium papillosum (Poli, 1791) .

mirabile, Cardium – Deshayes, 1855c: 332. — Type locality: Philippine Islands; Cuming coll. — Type age: Recent. — Type material: NHMUK 1971028, 3 syntypes. — Current status: synonym of Vepricardium incarnatum ( Reeve, 1844) [ Cardium ] ( Hylleberg 2004: 629, 885 – syntype).

monodacna, Cardium –Deshayes, 1857-TraitElem: 48, 68. Replacement name for Cardium intermedium ( Eichwald, 1841) [ Monodacna ] (p. 276-277, pl. 40, figs 5-7), non Münster, in Goldfuss, 1837, nec J. de C. Sowerby, 1840. — Type locality: Caspian Sea. — Type age: Recent. Hylleberg (2004: 632, as “1853”, 567). Unnecessary replacement name that was not adopted (ICZN Code Art. 59.3). Another synonym of this species is Didacna hyrcana Adrussov, 1923 , type species (OD) Hyrcania Kolesnikov, 1950 , non Monterosato, 1894 [ Gastropoda] ( Nevesskaja et al. 2001: S208). Eichwald’s Monodacna intermedia is also the type species (OD) of Azeridacna Sultanov, 1963 , and (OD) of Chazaridacna Sultanov, 1963, both subjective synonyms of Turcmena Popov, 1956 . — Current status: Turcmena intermedia ( Eichwald, 1841) .

multisquamatum , Cardium – Deshayes, 1858-DescrCoqFoss: 565, 54, pl. 54, figs 12-15 [in text as pl. 84 and fig. 15 not listed]; 1865-DescrCoqFoss: 665 [errors noted]. — Type locality: Hérouval. — Type age: Eocene (Ypresian). — Current status: Loxocardium multisquamatum (Deshayes, 1858) ( Glibert & Van de Poel 1970: 49; Le Renard & Pacaud 1995: 74; Hylleberg 2004: 639; Pacaud 2008: 90).

neozelandicum, Cardium – Deshayes, 1857-TraitElem: 46. Replacement name for Cardium striatulum G. B. Sowerby, II, 1834 (pl. 49, fig. 16), non Brocchi, 1814, nec J. de C. Sowerby, 1827, nec Della Chiaje, 1830). — Type localities: Australia & New Zealand. — Type age: Recent. Hylleberg (2004: 647-648, as “1853”, 778). — Current status: both Sowerby’s species and Deshayes replacement are synonyms of Pratulum pulchellum (J. E. Gray, 1843) [ Cardium ], which occurs in New Zealand.

novatum, Cardium – Deshayes, 1857-TraitElem: 47. New species based on Cardium cognatum J. Phillips, 1829 , as figured by Goldfuss (1837: 220, pl. 144, fig. 1). — Type locality: Eichstädt, Germany. — Type age: Jurassic (late). Hylleberg (2004: 443, 655, as “1853”). — Current status: nomen inquirendum.

nystii , Cardium – Deshayes, 1857-TraitElem: 64. New species based on one of the two originally figured specimens of Cardium cingulatum Goldfuss, 1837 ( Goldfuss 1837: 222-223, fig. 4 – six views of two specimens). — Type locality: Germany. — Type age: Oligocene. Listed as Conocardium nystii (Deshayes, 1857) by Hylleberg (2004: 657), having confused this species with the rostroconch Conocardium nystii de Koninck, 1885 . — Current status: Goldfuss’ species, as well as Deshayes’ name, are synonyms of Laevicardium (Habecardium) tenuisculcatum (Nyst, 1836) [ Cardium ] ( Glibert & Van de Poel 1970: 34, 38), the type species (OD) of Habecardium Glibert & Van de Poel, 1970, now regarded as a full genus.

ovatum , Cardium –Deshayes, 1838a: 56-57, [i], pl. 1, figs 19-21. — Type locality: Crimean Peninsula. — Type age: Pliocene? Didacna ovata (Deshayes, 1838) ( Hylleberg, 2004: 670) . — Current status: takes precedence over Pontalmyra sulcatina (Deshayes, 1838) (q.v.), which is a junior homonym ( Nevesskaja et al. 1997: 49).

parile , Cardium (Protocardia) –Deshayes, 1858-DescrCoqFoss: 573, 54, pl. 54, figs 1-3. — Type localities: Valmondois, Auvers-sur-Oise, Jaignes, Acy-en-Multien, Crouy, Coulombs, Mary-sur-Marne, La Ferté-sous-Jouarre, Caumont & Beauval; Barton-on-Sea, England. — Type age: Eocene (Bartonian). — Current status: Nemocardium (Nemocardium) parile (Deshayes, 1858) ( Glibert & Van de Poel 1970: 30; Hylleberg 2004: 680; Le Renard & Pacaud 1995: 75).

passyi , Cardium – Deshayes, 1858-DescrCoqFoss: 557-558, 71, pl. 71, figs 14-16 [in text as figs 12-14]; 1865-DescrCoqFoss: 665 [error noted]. — Type locality: Vaudancourt. — Type age: Eocene (Lutetian). Synonym of Parvicardium granulosum ( Lamarck, 1805) [ Cardium ] ( Glibert & Van de Poel 1970: 44-45; Hylleberg 2004: 683). — Current status: Plagiocardium granulosum [ Lamarck, 1805] passyi (Deshayes, 1858) ( Le Renard & Pacaud 1995: 74) . Plagiocardium passyi (Deshayes, 1858) ( Pacaud 2008: 90) .

patruelinum , Cardium – Deshayes, 1858-DescrCoqFoss: 565-566, 55, pl. 55, figs 8-10. — Type localities: Cuise-la-Motte, Laon, Mercin-et-Vaux, Cuisy-en-Almont & Hérouval. — Type age: Eocene (Ypresian). — Current status: Loxocardium patruelinum (Deshayes, 1858) ( Glibert & Van de Poel 1970: 49; Le Renard & Pacaud 1995: 74; Hylleberg, 2004: 683).

paucicostatum , Cardium – Deshayes, 1838a: 52-53, [i], pl. 2, figs 14- 15, non Murchison, 1831, nec G. B. Sowerby II, 1834. — Type locality: Crimean Peninsula. — Type age: Pliocene. — Current status: Pontalmyra kamyshburunensis ( Kafanov, 1980: 623) [ Didacna ], replacement name ( Nevesskaja et al. 1997: 54, pl. 12, figs 6-13; Nevesskaja et al. 2001: S192, both without noting replacement name; Hylleberg 2004: 575, 864).

philippii , Cardium – Deshayes, 1857-TraitElem: 46. Replacement name for Cardium pulchellum Philippi, 1844a (47, pl. 2, fig. 8), non Reeve, 1844, but also non J. E. Gray, 1843. — Type locality: Germany. — Type age: Oligocene. Hylleberg (2004: 695, as “1853”, 723). Deshayes’ replacement name is senior to Cardium kochi Semper, 1861 , with which Philippi’s junior homonym has been synonymized. — Current status: Parvicardium philippii (Deshayes, 1857) ( Coan & Kabat 2017: 79, as “1853”).

planicostatum , Cardium – Deshayes, 1838a: 53-54, [i], pl. 2, figs 7-8, non G. B. Sowerby I, 1833, nec J. de C. Sowerby, in Sedgwick & Murchison, 1832. — Type locality: Crimean Peninsula. — Type age: Pliocene. Renamed Cardium huoti Deshayes, 1857 (see above); Nevesskaja et al. 1997: 52, pl. 11, figs 5-1; Nevesskaja et al. 2001: S192, both without noting replacement name). The name had already been replaced as Cardium subplanicostatum d’Orbigny, 1852 (d’Orbigny 1852: 119, no. 2246), but that name is junior to the synonymous Cardium verneuilli Deshayes, 1838 – Current status: Pontalmyra verneuilli (Deshayes, 1838) .

planum , Cardium – Deshayes, 1838a: 46-47, [i], pl. 2, figs 24-30. — Type locality:Crimean Peninsula.— Type age:Pliocene.— Type species (M) of Phyllocardium P. Fischer, 1887 ( Hylleberg 2004: 700). — Current status: Phyllocardium planum (Deshayes, 1838) ( Glibert & Van de Poel 1970: 63; Nevesskaja et al. 1997: 108-109, pl. 47, figs 1-10; Nevesskaja et al. 2001: S190; Nevesskaja et al. 2013: 351, fig. 126-6).

podolicum, Cardium – Deshayes, 1857-TraitElem: 49. Replacement name for Cardium verrucosum “Andrzejowski, 1835 ”, non Deshayes, 1829. — Type locality: none given. — Type age: not stated. Hylleberg (2004: 703, 829, as “1853”). Cardium verrucosum was never published by Andrzejowski, only by Deshayes himself (1835a: 321), but it was a nomen nudum. — Current status: the replacement name is also a nomen nudum.

ponticum , Cardium –Deshayes, 1857-TraitElem: 49. Replacement name for Cardium sulcatinum Deshayes,1838 (see below), non Lamarck,1819. Hylleberg (2004: 705, as “1853”, 793). — Current status: synonym of Pontalmyra ovatum (Deshayes, 1838) ( Nevesskaja et al. 1997: 49) .

productum , Cardium – Deshayes, 1855c: 333, non J. de C. Sowerby, in Sedgwick & Murchison, 1832. — Type locality: Torres Straits, Australia; Cuming coll. — Type age: Recent. — Type material: NHMUK 1974139, 2 syntypes ( Hedley, 1913: 268, pl. 16, figs 20- 22). — Current status: synonym of Corculum cardissa (Linnaeus, 1758) [ Cardium ] ( Hylleberg 2004: 713, 915 – syntypes; Huber 2010a: 682; 2015: chapter 5 on CD).

proximum, Cardium – Deshayes, 1857-TraitElem: 47. Replacement name for Cardium propinquum ( Eichwald, 1841: 275-276, pl. 40, figs 3-4) [ Monodacna ], non Münster, in Goldfuss, 1837, non Münster, 1839. — Type locality: Caspian Sea. — Type age: Recent. Hylleberg (2004: 715, 717, as “1853”). A replacement name for a secondary homonym that was never accepted (ICZN Code Art. 59.3). — Current status: this species is now known as Apscheronia propinqua ( Eichwald, 1841) , and it is the type species (M) of Apscheronia Andrusov, 1903 ( Nevesskaja et al. 2001: S209).

pseudocardium , Cardium –Deshayes, 1838a: 59, [i], pl. 1, figs 1-2. — Type locality: Crimean Peninsula. — Type age: Pliocene. — Current status: synonym of Monodacna pontica Eichwald, 1838 ( Hylleberg 2004: 718; Kantor & Sysoev 2005: 352; Bogutskaya et al. 2013: 48, 60), or a good species, Monodacna pseudocardium (Deshayes, 1838) ( Huber 2010a: 309) . Neither 1838 work has an exact date.

pulchrum , Cardium – see above under: bouei , Cardium .

quadratum , Cardium – Deshayes, 1857-TraitElem: 48, 53. New species for Cardium multicostatum Phillips, 1829 , as figured by Goldfuss (1837: 218, pl. 143, fig. 9). Phillips’ species was non Brocchi, 1814, and Deshayes’ species preoccupies Cardium (Loxocardium) quadratum Doncieux, 1911 . — Type localities: Banz & Amberg, Germany. — Type age: Jurassic. Hylleberg (2004: 728, as “1853”, 636). — Current status: synonym of Tutcheria cingulata ( Goldfuss, 1837) ( Cox 1946: 38-39, pl. 3, figs 5-7).

rachitis , Cardium – Deshayes, 1829-DescrCoqFoss: 175-176, 15, pl. 29, figs 1-2; 1835-HistNatAnim2: 422; 1839-HistNatAnim3: 633-634; 1858-DescrCoqFoss: 559-560. — Type localities: Valmondois & Chaumont-en-Vexin. — Type age: Eocene (Lutetian-Bartonian). — Type species (SD Keen, 1937) of Goniocardium Vasseur, 1880 . — Current status: Goniocardium rachitis (Deshayes, 1829) ( Glibert & Van de Poel 1970: 67; Le Renard & Pacaud 1995: 75; Hylleberg 2004: 729; Nevesskaja et al. 2013: 420, fig. 153-3).

radula, Cardium –Deshayes, 1835b: 106-107, pl. 18, figs 15-17, non Broderip & G. B. Sowerby I, 1829. — Type locality: Peloponnese Peninsula, Greece. — Type age: Recent. — Current status: synonym of Cerastoderma edule (Linnaeus, 1758) [ Cardium ] ( Hylleberg 2004: 731, 921, as “1832”).

reeveanum, Cardium – Deshayes, 1857-TraitElem: 46, non Dunker, 1852. Replacement name for Cardium radiatum Reeve, 1845 (pl. 18, fig. 89), non Dujardin, 1837, nec de Koninck, 1842. — Type locality: none given [ Australia]. — Type age: Recent. Hylleberg (2004: 730, 733, as “1853”). Fulvia fagea Voskuil & Onverwagt, 1993 , unnecessary additional replacement name. — Current status: all three are synonyms of Fulvia tenuicostata (Lamarck, 1819) [ Cardium ] ( Huber 2015: chapter 5 on CD, by implication).

scacchii, Cardium –Deshayes, 1857-TraitElem: 70. Hylleberg (2004: 754, as “1853”). — Type locality: Podolie, Slovakia. — Type age: Miocene (Burdigalian)? A new species based on fossil material similar to Cardium subangulatum Scacchi, 1833 . — Current status: nomen dubium .

scobinella, Cardium – Deshayes, 1858-DescrCoqFoss: 564-565. — Type localities: Thiverval-Grignon, Mouchy-le-Châtel, Parnes, Chaussy, Coincourt & Hérouval. — Type age: Eocene (Lutetian). Plagiocardium (Papillicardium) scobinula (Deshayes, 1858) (R. Janssen 1979: 101-102, pl. 3, fig. 53) in the Upper Oligocene. — Current status: synonym of Loxocardium sublima (d’Orbigny, 1850) [ Cardium ] ( Hylleberg 2004: 755, 786).

scobinula , Cardium – Deshayes, 1858-DescrCoqFoss: 562, pl. 56, figs 29-32, ex Mérian ms. — Type localities: Etréchy, Morigny-Champigny, Jeurre & Versailles; Mayence & Kassel, Germany. — Type age: Oligocene (Rupelian). Parvicardium scobinula (Deshayes, 1858) ( Glibert & Van de Poel 1970: 47, as “Mérian in Deshayes”). Hylleberg (2004: 756) also credited the species to “Mérian, in Deshayes”). — Current status: Papillicardium scobinula (Deshayes, 1858) ( Lozouet & Maestrati 2012a: 254-255, fig. 162: 21-24).

scruposum , Cardium – Deshayes, 1855c: 333. — Type locality: Malacca; Cuming coll. — Type age: Recent. — Type material:NHMUK 1974140, 3 syntypes. — Current status: Fragum scruposum (Deshayes, 1855) . ( Hylleberg 2004: 756, as “1854”, 907 – syntypes; Huber 2010a: 298; Poorten, inPoppe 2011: 204, pl. 1097, figs 6-7).

sedgwichi, Cardium – Deshayes, 1857-TraitElem: 45. Replacement name for Cardium minutum “Sedgwich ” [sic., J. de C. Sowerby, in Sedgwick] & Murchison, 1832 ( Sedgwick & Murchison 1832: 393, 420, pl. 39, fig. 3), non Lamarck, 1819, nec d’Archiac, 1843. — Type locality: Lower Styria, Austria. — Type age: Tertiary. The species name was a typographical error, Deshayes spelling this author’s name correctly in some places and incorrectly in others. However, the homonym had already been replaced as Cardium minutissimum d’Orbigny, 1852 (d’Orbigny 1852: 119, no. 2228). — Current status: taxon inquirendum.

semiasperum , Cardium (Protocardia) – Deshayes, 1858-DescrCoqFoss: 573-574, 55, pl. 55, figs 1-2. — Type localities: Aizy-Jouy, Vregny & Laon. — Type age: Eocene (Ypresian). — Type species (SD Sacco, 1899) of Nemocardium Meek, 1876 . — Current status: Nemocardium (Nemocardium) semiasperum (Deshayes, 1858) ( Glibert & Van de Poel 1970: 30; Le Renard & Pacaud 1995: 75; Jeffery & Tracey 1997: 81, 87, pl. 5, fig. 6; Hylleberg 2004: 757; Nevesskaja et al. 2013: 339, fig. 120-15).

semistriatum , Cardium – Deshayes, 1829-DescrCoqFoss: 174, 15, pl. 29, figs 9-10, non Bean, in Young & Bean, 1828; 1835-HistNatAnim2: 421-422; 1839-HistNatAnim3: 633; 1858-DescrCoqFoss: 572, as Cardium (Protocardia) ; 1858: 552. — Type localities: Parnes & Mouchy-le-Châtel. — Type age: Eocene (Lutetian). T. Brown (1849: 201) misspelled this name as C. semistriatulum in one place. Nemocardium (Nemocardium) semistriatum (Deshayes, 1829) ( Glibert & Van de Poel 1970: 30) . — Current status: Nemocardium (Nemocardium) keenae Le Renard, 1994 ( Le Renard 1994: 39), replacement name ( Hylleberg 2004: 576, 758; Pacaud 2008: 90).

semperi , Cardium – Deshayes, 1858-DescrCoqFoss: 553. — Type locality: Magdeburg, Germany. — Type age: Oligocene. Based on material that Philippi (1846: 49) had listed but not figured as Cardium sulcata Lamarck, 1819 . — Current status: nomen inquirendum.

serrulatum , Cardium – Deshayes, 1855c: 330. — Type locality: Guinea; Cuming coll. — Type age: Recent. — Type material: NHMUK 1974129, holotype. — Current status: the West African Europicardium serrulatum (Deshayes, 1855) ( Hylleberg 2004: 765; Huber 2010a: 291; Cosel & Gofas 2019: 526-527).

squamulosum , Cardium – Deshayes, 1838a: 48-49, [i], pl. 2, figs 14- 15. — Type locality: Crimean Peninsula. — Type age: Pliocene. Lymnocardium (Tauricardium) squamulosum (Deshayes, 1838) ( Nevesskaja et al. 1997: 34, pl. 4, figs 8-14). — Current status: Tauricardium squamulosum ( Nevesskaja et al. 2001: S186). Lymnocardium squamulosum (Deshayes, 1838) ( Hylleberg 2004: 777) .

subcarinatum, Cardium – Deshayes, 1838a: 49, [i], pl. 2, figs 1-2, 6. — Type locality: Crimean Peninsula. — Type age: Pliocene. Lymnocardiinae , genus uncertain( Hylleberg, 2004: 782). — Current status: Pontalmyra subcarinata (Deshayes, 1838) ( Nevesskaja et al. 1997: 53, pl. 11, figs 14-19; Nevesskaja et al. 2001: S192).

subdentatum, Cardium –Deshayes, 1838a: 57, [i], pl. 1, figs 16-18. — Type locality: Crimean Peninsula. — Type age: Pliocene. — Current status: Pseudocatillus subdentatus (Deshayes, 1838) ( Nevesskaja et al. 1997: 72-73, pl. 25, figs 1-8; Nevesskaja et al. 2001: S193; Hylleberg 2004: 783).

sulcatinum , Cardium – Deshayes, 1838a: 53, [i], pl. 2, figs 3-5, non Lamarck, 1819. — Type locality: Crimean Peninsula. — Type age: Pliocene? Cardium ponticum Deshayes, 1857 , replacement name. Didacna andrusovi Gude, 1913 ( Gude 1913: 293), additional, unnecessary replacement name. — Current status: synonym of Pontalmyra ovatum (Deshayes, 1838) ( Nevesskaja et al. 1997: 49) .

transpostium, Cardium –Deshayes, 1857-TraitElem: 49. New species based on Cardium truncatum “Phillips ” [actually J. de C. Sowerby, 1827], as figured by Goldfuss (1837: 218, pl. 143, fig. 10). — Type localities: Amberg, Bolt & Altdorf, Germany. — Type age: Jurassic (early). Hylleberg (2004: 806, as “1853”, 811). — Current status: taxon inquirendum.

transversale, Cardium – Deshayes, 1855c: 333, non F. A. Roemer, 1849. — Type locality: Alboran Island, Spain; Cuming coll. — Type age: Recent. — Type material: NHMUK 1974137.1, lectotype ( Kafanov, 1997); 1974137/2-11, 10 paralectotypes. — Current status: renamed Parvicardium vroomi Aartsen, Menkhorst & Gittenberger, 1984 ( Aartsen et al. 1984: 67-68, 128, fig. 394; Aartsen & Goud 2000: 173-176, figs 1-3, 10-11, 16, 19; Hylleberg 2004: 806, 834, 917).

trifidum , Cardium – Deshayes, 1858-DescrCoqFoss: 556 [August 28] as “ tripartitum ”, 56, pl. 56, figs 5-7. — Type localities: Jonchery-sur-Vesle & Châlons-sur-Vesle. — Type age: Paleocene (Thanetian). 1858: 552 [May 12], nomen nudum, as “ tripartitum ”. — Current status: Cardium (Orthocardium) trifidum Deshayes, 1858 ( Glibert & Van de Poel 1970: 53; Le Renard & Pacaud 1995: 74). Orthocardium trifidum (Deshayes, 1858) ( Hylleberg 2004: 809; Leroy et al. 2014: 28, pl. 11, fig. 8a-b).

tumidum, Cardium – Deshayes, 1855c: 331. — Type locality: Moluccas; Cuming coll. — Type age: Recent. — Type material: NHMUK 1974131, 2 syntypes. — Current status: synonym of Vasticardium flavum (Linnaeus, 1758 [ Cardium ] ( Hylleberg 2004: 817, 871 – syntypes).

venustum, Cardium (Papyridea) – Deshayes, 1858-DescrCoqFoss: 575-576, 55, pl. 55, figs 22-24, non S. V. Wood, 1853. — Type localities: Auvers-sur-Oise, Valmondois & Le Fayel. — Type age: Eocene (Bartonian). — Current status: synonym of Papyridea capsoides (Bayan, 1873) [ Cardium ] ( Glibert & Van de Poel 1970: 61; Hylleberg 2004: 827).

verneuilli , Cardium – Deshayes, 1838a: 55-56, [i], pl. 2, figs 9-10, [ii], pl. 6, figs 4-5 [var.]. — Type locality: Crimean Peninsula. — Type age: Pliocene? Genus uncertain (Hylleberg, 2003: 829). Synonym of Pontalmyra plancostata (Deshayes, 1838) ( Nevesskaja et al. 1997: 52) , but that name is a junior homonym. — Current status: Pontalmyra verneuilli (Deshayes, 1838) .

verrucosum , Cardium –Deshayes, 1829-DescrCoqFoss: 173-174, 15, pl. 29, figs 7-8;1835-HistNatAnim2: 421;1839-HistNatAnim3: 633; 1858-DescrCoqFoss: 560. — Type localities: Mouchy-le-Châtel & Ully-Saint-Georges. — Type age: Eocene (Lutetian). Cardium (Vepricardium) verrucosum (Deshayes, 1829) ( Glibert & Van de Poel 1970: 51) . — Type species (OD) of Freneixicardia Schneider, 2002 ( Hylleberg 2004: 829). Vepricardium (Vepricardium) verrucosum (Deshayes, 1829) ( Le Renard & Pacaud 1995 74; Pacaud 2008: 89). — Current status: Freneixicardia verrucosa (Deshayes, 1829) ( Schneider 2002: 367, fig. 10B, 22A-D).

verrucosum , Cardium – Deshayes, 1835a: 321, nomen nudum. See above under: podolicum, Cardium wateleti , Cardium (Protocardia) –Deshayes, 1858-DescrCoqFoss: 570, 54, pl. 54, figs 16-18. — Type localities: Aizy-Jouy & Laon. — Type age: Eocene (Ypresian). — Current status: Nemocardium wateleti (Deshayes, 1858) ( Le Renard & Pacaud 1995: 74; Hylleberg 2004: 836).

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basteroti , Cardium (Cerastoderma) – Benoist, 1873: 46, ex Deshayes ms. However, Deshayes (1857-TraitElem: 66) merely indicated that what Basterot had identified as Cardium edule Linnaeus, 1758 , from the Miocene ought to be named for him, but he did not actually propose this name, which must therefore be credited to Benoist. This species probably accounts for the record, without a page number, in Hylleberg (2004: 398) of Cardium basteroti Deshayes , “1853”. This species was discussed inCossmann & Peyrot (1912a: 135-136; 1912b: pl. 22, figs 1-2, pl. 28, figs 90-91).

crassum , Cardium – Brusina (1866: 97) listed this name as “Deshayes” in his catalogue of the living molluscs of Dalmatia, Croatia. It does not correspond to any Deshayes species and may be an error for Laevicardium crassum (Gmelin, 1791) . Oddly, in listing this species, Hylleberg (2004: 455) indicated it as “Cretaceous”.

impressum , Cardium – Leymerie, 1841: 335, 336, 341, nomen nudum; 1842: 6, 25, pl. 8, figs 1a-b, 2, ex Deshayes ms, non Lightfoot, 1786. — Type locality: Vendeuvre-sur-Barse.— Type age: Cretaceous (Hauterivian). Protocardium impressum (Leymerie, 1842) ( Hylleberg 2004: 562) . — Current status: Current status: Protocardia vindovera Pacaud , n. name (replacement name herein), for Leymerie’s species: from its type locality: Vendeuvre-sur-Barse (Aube, France), Vindovera in the Merovingian era; name given in apposition.

magnificum, Cardium – P. P. Carpenter, 1857: 187, ex Deshayes ms, nomen nudum. In synonymy with the living Panamic Cardium biangulatum Broderip & G. B. Sowerby I, 1829 ( Coan & Valentich-Scott 2012: 419). Perhaps taken by Carpenter from a label in the NHMUK.

novaezelandiae , Cardium – E. A. Smith, 1885: 161, ex Deshayes ms. Noted by Smith as being on a label in the NHMUK.— Current status: synonym of Cardium pulchellum J. E. Gray , in Dieffenbach, 1843.

philippienense, Cardium – Shirley, 1911: 95, ex Deshayes ms, nomen nudum. Hedley (1899: 504) also mentioned " Cardium philippinensis Desh. " as a manuscript name, but he did not make it available. However, ter Poorten (2009: 26-27, pl. 3, figs 4-5) attributed this species as “ Vasticardium philippinensis ( Hedley, 1899) ,” in error. Again a nomen nudum in Tomlin (1934: 84). Fischer-Piette (1977: 49-50, pl. 3, fig. 4, pl. 4, fig. 1) noted that Shirley (1911) did not provide a description, so he provided a lengthy one. Vidal (1997: 14, 18) determined that Fischer-Piette’s description was equivalent to Vasticardium orbita orbita (Broderip & G. B. Sowerby I, 1833). Voskuil & Onverwagt (1991: 117), in reviewing the new taxa in Fischer-Piette (1977), stated that “Deshayes never described a Cardium philippinense and the name should be attributed to Shirley (1911: 95), as done correctly by Fischer-Piette.” However, Shirley (1911: 95) did not make the Deshayes manuscript name available, as Shirley only listed this as “ Cardium philippinensis Desh., Normanton ,” without any illustration or description (Normanton is in northern Queensland, Australia). The name has thus to be attributed to Fischer-Piette (1977), who figured a specimen in the Staadt collection in the MNHN in Paris, which should be its type. — Type age: Recent. — Current status: synonym of the Indo-Pacific Vasticardium orbita (Broderip & G. B. Sowerby I, 1833) [ Cardium ] ( Vidal 1997: 14-18, pl. 1).