ASTARTIDAE d’Orbigny, 1844

Coan, Eugene V., Pacaud, Jean-Michel & Kabat, Alan R., 2024, Gérard-Paul Deshayes (1796 - 1875) and his taxa, Geodiversitas 46 (16), pp. 553-930 : 730-731

Family ASTARTIDAE d’Orbigny, 1844 [1840]

Opis – Deshayes, 1835-HistNatAnim2: 518-520, ex Defrance ms; 1839-HistNatAnim3: 663-666. — Type species (SD Herrmannsen, 1847): Trigonia cardissoides Lamarck, 1819 . France. — Type age: Jurassic. Type genus of Opinae Chavan, 1952, a subfamily of the Astartidae . Earlier vernacular uses of this generic name by other authors are unavailable. — Current status: valid genus.

Woodia – Deshayes, 1858: 59, pl. 59; 1860-DescrCoqFoss: 790- 793. — Type species (SD Stoliczka, 1871: 280): Tellina digitaria Linnaeus, 1758 . — Current status: synonym of Digitaria S. V. Wood, 1853 , which has the same type species; although the latter was published in synonymy, it has been used and has thus become established (ICZN Code Art. 11.6.1). Mediterranean. Concerning this genus, see also Semper (1862).

affinis , Opis – Deshayes, 1857-TraitElem: 129. — Type locality: Nattheim, Württemberg, Germany. — Type age: Coral-rag, Jurassic (Oxfordian). — Current status: nomen dubium .

burdigalensis , Woodia – Deshayes, 1860: 791. — Type locality: Bordeaux. — Type age:Miocene (Burdigalian). Based onBasterot’s (1825: 86) use of Lucina digitalis Lamarck, 1818 . — Current status: Digitaria burdigalensis (Deshayes, 1860) ( Glibert & Van de Poel 1970: 84) .

conradi , Astarte – Deshayes, 1857-TraitElem: 147. Replacement name for the Pleistocene eastern North American Astarte concentrica Conrad, 1834 , non Goldfuss, 1837. Deshayes thus renamed the senior homonym, and his new name preoccupies Astarte conradi Dana, 1863 . — Current status: synonym of Astarte concentrica Conrad, 1834 .

cordiformis , Astarte – Deshayes, 1830a-EncyMeth: 80; 1831c: [1], pl. 8; 1835-HistNatAnim2: 260; HistNatAnim3: 585, both as Crassina . — Type locality: Bayeux. — Type age: Jurassic (Bajocian). — Current status: nomen dubium .

crenulata , Woodia – Deshayes, 1858-DescrCoqFoss: 59, pl. 59, figs 9-11; 1860-DescrCoqFoss: 792. — Type localities: Parnes & Mouchy-le-Châtel. — Type age: Eocene (Lutetian). — Type species (SD Chavan, 1969) of Sita Semper, 1862 . Woodia crenulata Deshayes, 1858 ( Glibert & Van de Poel 1970: 85, who incorrectly stated this taxon to be the type species of Woodia ). — Current status: Sita crenulata (Deshayes, 1858) ( Glibert 1980: 16-17, pl. 1, fig. 4; Le Renard & Pacaud 1995: 80; Pacaud 2008: 84; Nevesskaja et al. 2013: 291, fig. 106-2).

dilatatus , Opis – Deshayes, 1839-TraitElem: 15, pl. 23, figs 6-7. 1844 -RegAnim: pl. 87, figs 1, 2; 1857-TraitElem: 128, pl. 23, figs 6-7. — Type locality: none given. — Type age: Jurassic. Figure shows a closed specimen. — Current status: nomen dubium .

excentrica, Astarte – Deshayes, 1846- Algér: pl. 81, figs 7-10. — Type locality: Algeria. — Type age: Recent. — Current status: synonym of Digitaria digitaria (Linnaeus, 1758) [ Astarte ] ( Sabelli et al. 1990: 308).

fischeri , Astarte –Deshayes, 1857-TraitElem: 140. Replacement name for Astarte buchiana d’Orbigny , in Murchison et al., 1845 (p. 456), non Astarte buchii F. A. Roemer, 1842 . Unnecessary replacement name because these are not really homonyms. — Current status: synonym of Astarte buchiana d’Orbigny , in Murchison et al., 1845.

grateloupi , Astarte – Deshayes, 1857-TraitElem: 146. — Type locality: Bordeaux Basin. There is no description or figure, so it is here a nomen nudum. It again appeared as a nomen nudum in Benoist (1873: 59). It was first made available by Cossmann & Peyrot (1912d: 141-143; 1913a: 21-23, pl. 1, figs 39-44), credited to Deshayes. Saucats, France. — Type age: Miocene (Burdigalian). — Type material: MNHN.F.J14607, 13 syntypes (Cossmann coll.). It is the type species (OD) of Digitariopsis Chavan, 1962 . — Current status: Digitariopsis grateloupi (Cossmann & Peyrot, 1912, ex Deshayes ms) ( Nevesskaja et al. 2013: 287, fig. 105-10, with the species miscredited to “Deshayes, 1843”).

islandica, Astarte –Deshayes, 1849-DictUnivAtlas: 9, pl. 4, figs 5-6. — Type locality: none given, but Iceland implied. — Type age: Recent. E. Lamy (1919: 94, 97) noted Deshayes name as “Deshayes mss. in Mus. Cuming (teste E.-A. Smith)”, evidently being unaware of its original appearance. — Current status: synonym of the northern Astarte borealis (Schumacher, 1817) [ Tridonta ], as placed by E. Lamy.

laticostata , Astarte – Deshayes, 1839-TraitElem: 15, pl. 22, figs 16- 17; 1857-TraitElem: 145, pl. 22, figs 16-17. Gosau. — Type age: Cretaceous (Santonian). Synonym of Astarte similis Münster , in Goldfuss, 1837 ( Dhondt 1984: 75; Kumar 2014: 507, fig. 2j). — Current status: Astarte laticostata Deshayes, 1839 ( Arkadiev 2020: 58-59, 108, pl. 3, fig. 5).

marginalis , Woodia – Deshayes, 1858-DescrCoqFoss: 59, pl. 59, figs 1-4; 1860-DescrCoqFoss: 792-793. — Type localities: Mercin-et-Vaux, Laversine, Cuisy-en-Almont & Aizy-Jouy. — Type age: Eocene (Ypresian). — Current status: Sita marginalis (Deshayes, 1858) ( Le Renard & Pacaud 1995: 80) .

menardi , Astarte – Deshayes, 1830a-EncyMeth: 79-80; 1835-HistNatAnim2: 261; 1839-HistNatAnim3: 586, both as Crassina . — Type locality: Caen. — Type age: Jurassic. — Current status: nomen inquirendum.

profunda , Woodia –Deshayes, 1858-DescrCoqFoss: 59, pl. 59, figs 5-8 [figures not cited in text]; 1860-DescrCoqFoss: 793; 1865-DescrCoqFoss: 665 [error noted]. — Type localities: Le Vivray, Aizy-Jouy, Mercin-et-Vaux, Laversine. — Type age: Eocene (Ypresian). — Current status: Woodia profunda Deshayes, 1858 ( Glibert & Van de Poel 1970: 85). Sita profunda (Deshayes, 1858) ( Le Renard & Pacaud 1995: 80) .

reussii, Astarte – Deshayes, 1857-TraitElem: 144. Replacement name for Astarte porrecta Reuss, 1846 (Reuss 1846: 2), non Buch, 1840. Třebívlice, Czech Republic. — Type age: Cretaceous. — Current status: taxon inqirendum.

roemeri , Astarte - 1857-TraitElem: 140-141. Replacement name for Astarte lamellosa F. A. Roemer, 1839 ( Roemer 1839: 40, pl. 29, fig. 10), non Münster, in Goldfuss, 1837. — Type locality: Hoheneggelsen, Hannover, Germany. — Type age: Coral rag, Jurassic. — Current status: taxon inqirendum.

rugosa , Astarte – Deshayes, 1839-TraitElem: 14, pl. 22, figs 11-12, non (J. de C. Sowerby, 1836) [ Cytherea ]. — Type locality: none given. — Type age: not stated. — Current status: nomen dubium .

scalaris , Astarte – Deshayes, 1830a-EncyMeth: 78; 1835-HistNatAnim2: 259; 1839-HistNatAnim3: 586, both as Crassina ; 1839-TraitElem: 14, pl. 22, figs 6-7; 1857-TraitElem: 146-147. — Type locality: Angers. — Type age: Miocene. — Current status: Astarte (Astarte) omalii [de la Jonkaire, 1823] scalaris Deshayes, 1830 (Lauriat-Rage 1982: 25, pls. 6, 8, 9).

solidula , Astarte – Deshayes, 1830a-EncyMeth: 79. — Type locality: Touraine. — Type age: Miocene. 1835-HistNatAnim2: 260; 1839-HistNatAnim3: 585, both as Crassina . — Current status: Astarte solidula Deshayes, 1830 ( Glibert & Van de Poel 1970: 78).

striatula , Astarte – Deshayes, 1830a-EncyMeth: 78-79; 1831c: [1], pl. 10; 1835-HistNatAnim2: 259-260; 1839-HistNatAnim3: 585, both as Crassina . — Type locality: Angers. — Type age: Miocene. — Current status: Digitariopsis obliquata stratula (Deshayes, 1830) (Pacaud herein).

sulcatina , Goodallia – Deshayes, 1858-DescrCoqFoss: 63, pl. 63, figs 21-23; 1860-DescrCoqFoss: 785. — Type locality: Le Vivray. — Type age: Eocene (Lutetian). — Current status: synonym of Goodallia laevigata Deshayes, 1858 ( Cossmann, 1887: 100), now Microstagon laevigatum (Deshayes, 1858) ( Le Renard & Pacaud 1995: 80) .

terminalis , Cardita –Deshayes, 1839-TraitElem: 20, pl. 32, fig. 11. — Type locality: none given. — Type age: Jurassic (Bajocian). — Type species (OD) of Praeconia Stoliczka, 1871 ( Ros-Franch et al. 2014: 142), although Stoliczka mistakenly credited the species to Römer, 1842. — Current status: Praeconia terminalis (Deshayes, 1839) ( Nevesskaja et al. 2013: 289, fig. 105-13).

terminalis , Goodallia – Deshayes, 1858-DescrCoqFoss: 63, pl. 63, figs 30-32; 1860-DescrCoqFoss: 787. — Type localities: Thiverval-Grignon, Houdan & Saint-Félix. — Type age: Eocene (Lutetian). Microstagon terminale (Deshayes, 1858) ( Glibert & Van de Poel 1967: 5, as “1860”). — Current status: synonym of Microstagon obliqua ( Lamarck, 1806) ( Le Renard & Pacaud 1995: 80; Pacaud 2008: 87).

tricarinata , Opis – Deshayes, 1857-TraitElem: 129. — Type locality: Nattheim, Württemberg, Germany. — Type age: Coral-rag, Jurassic (Oxfordian). — Current status: nomen dubium .

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fittoni , Astarte – Leymerie, 1841: 336, nomen nudum; 1842: 5, 24, pl. 6, fig. 2a-b, ex Deshayes ms. — Type localities: Chaource & Jully-sur-Sarce. — Type age: Cretaceous (Hauterivian).

gigantea , Astarte – Leymerie, 1841: 340, 341, nomen nudum; 1842: 5, 24, pl. 4, fig. 3a-c, ex Deshayes ms. — Type localities: Soulaines, Vendeuvre & Thieffain. — Type age: Cretaceous (Hauterivian). Eriphyla gigantea (Leymerie, 1842) ( Yanin, 1980: 29) . — Current status: Tridonta gigantea (Leymerie, 1842) ( Ayoub-Hannaa et al. 2019: 161, pl. 1, figs M-N, as “Deshayes”). incrassata , Astarte – Deshayes, 1835a: 321, ex Andrzejowski ms, nomen nudum. Sherborn (1927: 3164) credited Deshayes with this name, but the species intended was probably Astarte incrassata ( Brocchi, 1814) [ Venus ].

laticosta , Astarte – Leymerie, 1841: 336, nomen nudum; 1842: 4-5, 24, pl. 4, figs 4a-b, 5a-b, ex Deshayes ms. — Type localities: Chaource & Jully-sur-Sarce. — Type age: Cretaceous (Hauterivian). The oldest name among several named species that may be synonyms of a single variable species ( Ayoub-Hannaa et al. 2019: 158-159, pl. 1, figs H-I).

obliqua , Astarte –Deshayes, 1839-TraitElem: 14, pl. 22, figs 14-15. — Type locality: none given. — Type age: Jurassic. This was actually Cypricardia obliqua Lamarck, 1819 , the type species (SD Dall, 1903) of Crassinella Bayle, 1879 , non Guppy, 1874; Neocrassina P. Fischer, 1887 , replacement name ( Nevesskaja et al. 2013: 289, fig. 105-22).

oblongata, Astarte – Leymerie, 1841: 341, nomen nudum; 1842: 5, 24, pl. 6, fig. 1a-c. — Type localities: Avalleur, Chenay & Marolles-sous-Lignières, France. — Type age: Cretaceous (Hauterivian) .

similis , Opis – Listed by Arkadiev (2020: 60) as a Deshayes species, this originated as Cardita similis J. Sowerby, 1819 .

REMARK

Since 1775 when rudists were illustrated for the first time, the Order Radiolitoidea had been placed with the brachiopods, corals, cephalopods or barnacles.Deshayes was among the first naturalists to determine that the group belonged in the Bivalvia. Even then, the placement in the Bivalvia “was opposed, however, by various naturalists, who continued to class the rudists as brachiopods, corals, or cirripeds” ( Dechaseaux 1969: N749).