MACTRIDAE Lamarck, 1809

Coan, Eugene V., Pacaud, Jean-Michel & Kabat, Alan R., 2024, Gérard-Paul Deshayes (1796 - 1875) and his taxa, Geodiversitas 46 (16), pp. 553-930 : 755-760

Family MACTRIDAE Lamarck, 1809

In reviewing the authorship of Recent taxa proposed by Deshayes in meetings of the Zoological Society of London,

but published first by Reeve in the Conchologia Iconica before the Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London was published, Matsukuma (2001) and Petit (2007) concluded that the species of Mactra and Lutraria should be regarded as “Deshayes, in Reeve”, but that the species of Mesodesma and Donax should be regarded as “Reeve, ex Deshayes ms.” It makes no difference as to the availability, names or dates of these species. However, in each case, there were species for which the decision proved difficult – species in Reeve credited to Deshayes, but not in Deshayes’ papers; species in Deshayes papers but not covered by Reeve; descriptions greatly shortened by Reeve from those of Deshayes; or type localities differing in the two sources.

For us, the issue is more fundamental: how Reeve got the Deshayes names, perhaps by seeing the specimens in the British Museum, or obtained a copy, perhaps a copy or a preprint of his PZSL manuscripts, is unclear. Deshayes’ help is not acknowledged, and it is not clear that he cooperated with Reeve’s advance publication of the names. We conclude that Reeve “scooped” Deshayes and should be deemed the author of all these taxa. This is the conclusion first reached by Tomlin (1924). Authors since Petit (2007) have been inconsistent in their treatment of these authorships. Here we discuss these Reeve species as well to those of Deshayes because their authorships are so entwined, listing all these taxa ensure our understanding of their authorships. The Deshayes species are listed first, followed by those we credit to Reeve.

Heterocardia – Deshayes, 1855c: 339-340. — Type species (SD Stoliczka, 1871): Heterocardia gibbosula Deshayes, 1855 . — Current status: valid genus.

albina, Mactra – Deshayes,1832-EncyMeth: 395. — Type localities: Senegal; also Bordeaux & Sain-Paul-lès-Dax. — Type age: Miocene. Synonym of Mactra striatella Lamarck, 1818 (J. C. Jay, 1852: 19; Reeve, 1854a: pl. 3, species 12). The Miocene fossil at Bordeaux & Sain-Paul-lès-Dax is Barymactra bucklandi (Defrance, 1823) (Pacaud herein). — Current status: Synonym of Leptospisula nivea (Gmelin, 1791) ( Huber 2010a: 445; chapter 5 on CD).

alta , Mactra –Deshayes, 1855c: 347. — Type locality: Australia. — Type age: Recent. — Type material: NHMUK 1846.9.21.22, 1 syntype. — Current status: Mactra alta Deshayes, 1855 (E. A. Smith 1914: 139-140, fig.; Huber 2010a: 439).

angusta , Lutraria – Deshayes,1832-EncyMeth: 390. — Type localities: Bordeaux & Saint-Paul-lès-Dax. — Type age: Miocene (Aquitanian). — Current status: Lutraria (Lutraria) angusta Deshayes, 1832 ( Glibert & Van de Poel 1970: 27, as “1831”).

bullata , Mactra – Deshayes, 1855b: 67-68. — Type locality: none given. — Type age: Recent. Cuming coll. — Current status: taxon inquirendum.

chamata, Mactra – Deshayes, 1835a: 321, nomen nudum.

compressa , Mactra – Deshayes, 1832-EncyMeth: 399, non Pulteney, 1799, nec Spengler, 1802, nec Lamarck, 1818. Deshayes cited his description and figures for Mactra depressa Deshayes, 1824 (see below), realizing that his Mactra depressa was a junior homonym of M. depressa Lamarck, 1818 , which he had listed on the previous page and to which he compared it. Sadly, he then created another junior homonym. Mactra subdepressa d’Orbigny, 1850b (d’Orbigny 1850b: 421, no. 1580), replacement name for Mactra depressa Deshayes, 1824 .1857-DescrCoqFoss: 291, as M. compressa . — Current status: Spisula (Austromactra) compressa (Deshayes, 1832) ( Glibert & Van de Poel 1970: 19; Le Renard & Pacaud 1995: 69, none of these authors realizing the continuing homonymy), now Austromactra subdepressa (d’Orbigny, 1850) .

contortula , Mactra –Deshayes, 1857-DescrCoqFoss: 292, 18, pl. 18, figs 13-18. — Type localities: Beauval, Crouy, Acy-en-Multien, Mary-sur-Marne, La Ferté-sous Jouarre, Ver-sur-Launette, Caumont, Auvers-sur-Oise, Montagny-en-Vexin, Le Guépelle. — Type age: Eocene (Bartonian). — Current status: Spisula (Austromactra) contortula (Deshayes, 1857) ( Glibert & Van de Poel 1970: 19; Le Renard & Pacaud 1995: 69).

contradicta, Mactra – Deshayes , 1857-DescrCoqFoss: 288-289, 18, pl. 18, figs 19-21. — Type localities: Mary-sur-Marne, Acy-en-Multien, Vendrest, Betz, Caumont, Crouy, Coulombs, Jaignes, Auvers-sur-Oise, Le Fayel & Beauval ; England. — Type age: Eocene (Bartonian). — Current status: synonym of Mactra compressa Deshayes, 1832 ( Cossmann 1886a: 62) .

cumingii , Heterocardia – Deshayes, 1855c: 339-340. — Type locality: Manilla, Philippine Islands ; Cuming coll. — Type age: Recent. — Current status: synonym of Heterocardia gibbosula Deshayes, 1855 ( Huber 2015: chapter 5 on CD).

cuvieri , Mactra – Deshayes, 1854c: 17. See: cumingii , Mactra – Reeve, 1854, below.

depressa , Mactra –Deshayes, 1824-DescrCoqFoss: 32, 2, pl. 4, figs 11- 14, non Spengler, 1802, nec Lamarck, 1818; 1835-HistNatAnim2: 108; 1839-HistNatAnim3: 538. — Type locality: La Chapelle-en-Serval. — Type age: Eocene (Bartonian). Mactra subdepressa d’Orbigny, 1850b (d’Orbigny 1850b: 421, no. 1580), replacement name. — Current status: synonym of Spisula (Austromactra) compressa (Deshayes, 1832) [ Mactra ] (Pacaud 2007: 62). However, this is also a junior homonym (see above), now Austromactra subdepressa (d’Orbigny, 1850) .

ensis, Lutraria – Deshayes, 1835-HistNatAnim2: 94; 1839-HistNatAnim3: 534. Unjustified emendation of Lutraria acinaces Quoy & Gaimard, 1835 . — Type locality: New Zealand. — Type age: Recent. — Current status: Zenatia acinaces (Quoy & Gaimard, 1835) , the type species (M) of Zenatia J. E. Gray, 1853 .

fabagella , Heterocardia – Deshayes, 1855c: 340. — Type locality: Philippine Islands; Cuming coll. — Type age: Recent. — Type material: NHMUK 20230054, syntype. — Current status: synonym of Heterocardia gibbosula Deshayes, 1855 ( Huber 2015: chapter 5 on CD).

gibbosula , Heterocardia – Deshayes, 1855c: 340. — Type locality: Manilla, Philippine Islands; Cuming coll. — Type age: Recent. — Type material: NHMUK 20230055, 3 syntypes. Not to be confused with Mactra gibbosula Reeve, 1854 , which is now regarded as a synonym of Mactra quadrangularis Reeve, 1854 . — Current status: Heterocardia gibbosula Deshayes, 1855 ( Huber 2010a: 452, 760).

goniata, Mactra – Deshayes, 1855b: 70, ex J. E. Gray ms. — Type locality: [Gulf of] California; Cuming coll. — Type age: Recent. — Current status: synonym of Mulinia pallida (Broderip & G. B. Sowerby I, 1829) [ Mactra ] ( Coan & Valentich-Scott 2012: 552- 553; Signorelli, 2019: 33).

grandis , Mactra – Deshayes, 1832-EncyMeth: 395, non Gmelin, 1791. — Type locality: none given. — Type age: Recent. — Current status: synonym of the western Atlantic Mactromeris polynyma (Stimpson, 1860) [ Mactra ] ( Dall 1894: 26, as Spisula and Deshayes’ species as “1830”; Kantor & Sysoev 2005: 393).

hiantina, Mactra – Deshayes, 1855b: 68. — Type localities: Puna & Guayaquil, Ecuador; Cuming coll. — Type age: Recent. — Current status: synonym of Standella nasuta (Gould, 1851) [ Mactra ] ( Coan & Valentich-Scott 2012: 550-551, as Mactrotoma ; Signorelli 2019: 59-60).

intermedia , Lutraria – Deshayes, 1855b: 71-72. Madagascar; Cuming coll. — Type age: Recent. Preoccupies Lutraria intermedia G. B. Sowerby II, 1859 ( Petit, 2009: 126), a synonym of Lutraria angustior Philippi, 1844 . — Current status: Deshayes’ species is a taxon inquirendum.

intuspicta, Mactra – Deshayes, 1855b: 64. — Type locality: Manilla, Philippine Islands & China ; Cuming coll. — Type age: Recent. — Type material: NHMUK unnumbered, 4 syntypes. — Current status: synonym of Mactra cygnus Gmelin, 1791 ( Huber 2010a: 440, 754-755).

lamberti , Mactra – Deshayes, 1857-DescrCoqFoss: 291-292, 18, pl. 18, figs 5-8. — Type locality: Sinceny. — Type age: Eocene (Ypresian). — Current status: Spisula (Austromactra) lamberti (Deshayes, 1857) ( Glibert & Van de Poel 1970: 20; Le Renard & Pacaud 1995: 69).

latissima , Lutraria – Deshayes, 1832-EncyMeth: 389; 1835-HistNatAnim2: 94; 1839-HistNatAnim3: 534. — Type locality: Bordeaux. — Type age: Miocene (Burdigalian). — Current status: Lutraria (Lutraria) latissima Deshayes, 1832 ( Cossmann & Peyrot 1909b: pl. 6, figs 28-29, pl. 7, fig. 5; 1909c: 264-265; Glibert & Van de Poel 1970: 27, as “1831”).

recondita , Mactra – Deshayes, 1857-DescrCoqFoss: 290-291, 18, pl. 18, figs 22-25. — Type localities: Hermonville & Boursault. — Type age: Eocene (Lutetian). — Current status: Spisula (Austromactra) recondita (Deshayes, 1857) ( Glibert & Van de Poel 1970: 20; Le Renard & Pacaud 1995: 69; Pacaud 2008: 94).

roysii, Lutraria – Deshayes, 1835c: 24, nomen nudum. — Type locality: Norway. — Type age: Recent.

solenoides , Zenatia – Deshayes, 1855b: 72. — Type locality: New Zealand; Cuming coll. — Type age: Recent. — Current status: synonym of Zenatia acinaces (Quoy & Gaimard, 1835) [ Lutraria ] ( Huber 2010a: 451; 2015: chapter 5 on CD).

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aequilatera , Mactra – Reeve, 1854a: pl. 4, fig. 14, ex Deshayes ms; Deshayes, 1854c: 17, as M. aequilateralis . — Type locality: New Zealand; Cuming coll. — Type age: Recent. — Type material: NHMUK unnumbered, 2 syntypes. — Type species (OD) of Crassula Marwick, 1948 . — Current status: Crassula aequilatera (Reeve, 1854) ( Powell 1979: 414-415, pl. 75, fig. 8, as “Deshayes”; Huber 2010a: 443).

angulifera , Mactra – Reeve, 1854a: pl. 16, fig. 83, ex Deshayes ms; Deshayes, 1855b: 70. Ticao. — Type locality: Philippine Islands; Cuming coll. — Type age: Recent. — Type material: NHMUK 1952.5.8.14-16, 3 syntypes. Mactrotoma angulifera (Reeve, 1854) ( Qi 2004: 271, pl. 149, fig. C, as “Deshayes”; Wong 2009: 287, 294, fig. 14a-b; Huber, 2010a: 445; Matsukuma, in Okutani 2017: 1266, pl. 558, fig. 12, as “Deshayes, 1855”). — Current status: synonym of Mactrotoma striatula (Linnaeus, 1767) [ Mactra ] ( Huber 2015: 835).

angusta , Mactra – Reeve, 1854a: pl. 18, fig. 93, ex Deshayes ms; Deshayes, 1855b: 67. — Type locality: Panama; Cuming coll. — Type age: Recent. — Type material: NHMUK 20190677, syntype. — Current status: Standella (Micromactra) angusta (Reeve, 1854) ( Huber 2010a: 444; Coan & Valentich-Scott 2012: 548-549, as Mactrotoma ; Signorelli 2019: 61-62).

aphrodina , Mactra – Reeve, 1854a: pl. 19, fig. 105, ex Deshayes ms ; Deshayes, 1855b: 62. — Type locality: China ; Belcher; Cuming coll. — Type age: Recent. — Type material: NHMUK 1996515, 3 probable syntypes. — Current status: Mactra aphrodina Reeve, 1854 ( Huber 2010a: 439) .

apicina , Mactra – Reeve, 1854a: pl. 19, fig. 111. — Type locality: none given; Cuming coll. — Type age: Recent. — Current status: synonym of Mactra luzonica Reeve, 1854 (figured in Huber 2010a: 441; 2015, chapter 5 on CD) from Southeast Asia.

arcuata , Lutraria – Reeve, 1854c: pl. 2, fig. 6, ex Deshayes ms; Deshayes, 1855b: 70-71. — Type locality: Luzon, Philippine Islands; Cuming coll. — Type age: Recent. — Type material: NHMUK 20050310, 2 lectotype and paralectotype ( Beu 2006: 244). Lutraria arcuata “Deshayes ” ( Ramakrishna & Dey 2010: 169). — Current status: synonym of Lutraria australis Reeve, 1857 ( Lamprell & Whitehead 1992; Beu 2006: 242-243). Huber (2010a: 451, 759-760), however, rejected the additional opinion by Beu that this is the same as Lutraria rhynchaena Jonas, 1844 .

attenuata , Mactra – Reeve, 1854a: pl. 18, fig. 97, ex Deshayes ms; Deshayes, 1855b: 62. — Type locality: none given; Cuming coll. — Type age: Recent. — Type material: NHMUK unnumbered, 1 syntype. Mactra attenuata “Deshayes ” ( Ramakrishna & Dey 2010: 161). — Current status: synonym of Mactra cygnus Gmelin, 1791 ( Huber 2010a: 440, 755) from Southeast Asia.

australis , Lutraria – Reeve, 1854c: pl. 3, fig. 12, ex Deshayes ms; Deshayes, 1855b: 71. — Type locality: Moluccas (Reeve); Cuming coll. Australia (Deshayes); Cuming coll. — Type age: Recent. — Type material: NHMUK 20050507, lectotype; 20050508, paralectotypes. — Current status: Lutraria australis Reeve, 1854 ( Beu 2006: 243-246; Oliver 1992: 132-133, pl. 28; Huber 2010a: 451). Huber (2010a: 451, 759-760), however, rejected the additional opinion by Beu that this is the same as Lutraria rhynchaena Jonas, 1844 .

bilineata , Mactra – Reeve, 1854a: pl. 15, fig. 72, ex Deshayes ms; Deshayes, 1855b: 67, ex C. B. Adams ms. — Type locality: Jamaica; Cuming coll. — Type age: Recent. In Reeve, Deshayes was not mentioned. NHMUK 201906676.1-2, syntypes. — Current status: synonym of Standella fragilis (Gmelin, 1791) [ Mactra ] ( Signorelli 2019: 57-59).

californica , Mactra – Reeve, 1854a: pl. 20, fig. 114, ex Deshayes ms; Deshayes, 1855b: 68, non Conrad, 1837. — Type locality: [Gulf of] California, Mexico; Cuming coll. — Type age: Recent. — Current status: synonym of Standella nasuta (Gould, 1851) [ Mactra ] ( Coan & Valentich-Scott 2012: 550-551, as Mactrotoma ; Signorelli 2019: 59-60).

capensis , Lutraria – Reeve, 1854c: pl. 3, fig. 9, ex Deshayes ms. NHMUK 20190681, 2 syntypes. Cape of Good Hope , South Africa ; Cuming coll. — Type age: Recent. — Current status: Lutraria capensis Reeve, 1854 ( Huber 2010a: 450, 759).

capillacea , Mactra – Reeve, 1854a: pl. 20, fig. 117, ex Deshayes ms; Deshayes, 1855b: 69. — Type localities: Philippine Islands & mouth of Indus River, Pakistan; Cuming coll. — Type age: Recent. — Type material: NHMUK 1996442, syntypes. Harvella capillacea “(Deshayes, 1854) ” ( Ramakrishna & Dey 2010: 168). — Current status: Meropesta capillacea (Reeve, 1854) ( Huber 2010a: 452) .

carinulata , Mactra – Reeve, 1854a: pl. 10, fig. 38, ex Deshayes ms; Deshayes, 1855b: 67. — Type locality: “ Gulf of California ”; Cuming coll. — Type age: Recent. — Current status: synonym of the western Atlantic Mulinia cleryana (d’Orbigny, 1846) [ Mactra ] ( Coan & Valentich-Scott 2012: 554; species figd. by Huber 2010a: 447).

complanata , Mactra – Reeve, 1854a: pl. 12, fig. 54, ex Deshayes ms; Deshayes, 1854c: 14, non Gmelin, 1791. — Type locality: Indian Ocean; Cuming & Deshayes colls. — Type age: Recent. — Type material: NHMUK unnumbered, 2 syntypes. — Current status: Simomactra chionia ( Tomlin, 1921: 226) [ Mactrinula ], replacement name (figd. in Huber 2010a: 445).

contraria , Mactra – Reeve, 1854a: pl. 17, fig. 86, ex Deshayes ms; Deshayes, 1855b: 62. — Type locality: none given; Cuming coll. — Type age: Recent. — Type material: NHMUK unnumbered, 4 syntypes. — Type species (OD) of Austromactra Iredale, 1930 . — Current status: Austromactra contraria (Reeve, 1854) ( Huber 2010a: 443) from Australia.

corbiculoides , Mactra – Reeve, 1854a: pl. 18, fig. 98, ex Deshayes ms; Deshayes, 1855b: 62-63. — Type locality: Ceylon; Cuming coll. — Type age: Recent. — Type material: NHMUK 20230053, 3 syntypes. — Current status: synonym of Mactra cygnus Gmelin, 1791 ( Huber 2010a: 754, 758).

corbuloides , Mactra – Reeve, 1854a: pl. 19, fig. 103, ex Deshayes ms; Deshayes, 1855b: 63. — Type locality: none given; Cuming coll. — Type age: Recent. — Type material: NHMUK unnumbered, syntype. — Current status: synonym of Spisula trigonella ( Lamarck, 1818) [ Mactra ] ( Huber 2010a: 448, 758) from Australia.

cordiformis , Mactra – Reeve, 1854a: pl. 2, fig. 6, ex Deshayes ms. — Type locality: none given; Cuming coll. — Type age: Recent. — Type material: NHMUK unnumbered, syntype. — Current status: Mactra cordiformis Reeve, 1854 ( Huber 2010a: 440, 754) from Australia .

cornea, Mactra – Reeve, 1854a: pl. 15, fig. 75, ex Deshayes ms; Deshayes, 1854c: 16. — Type locality: China; Cuming coll. — Type age: Recent. — Type material: NHMUK 1996443, syntype. — Current status: synonym of Mactra antiquata Spengler, 1802 ( Huber 2010a: 439; 2015: chapter 5 on CD).

cumingiana , Lutraria – Reeve, 1854c: pl. 4, fig. 13, ex Deshayes ms; Deshayes, 1855b: 72, as Zenatia . — Type locality: New Zealand; Cuming coll. — Type age: Recent. — Current status: synonym of Zenatia acinaces (Quoy & Gaimard, 1835) [ Lutraria ] ( Huber 2010a: 451; 2015: chapter 5 on CD).

cumingii , Mactra – Reeve, 1854a: pl. 6, fig. 24, ex Deshayes ms; Deshayes, 1854c: 17, as M. cuvieri (see above under Deshayes species). — Type locality: Molluccas; Cuming coll. — Type age: Recent. — Type material: NHMUK unnumbered, 2 syntypes. — Current status: Mactra (Coelomactra) cumingii Reeve, 1854 ( Huber 2010a: 443).

curta , Lutraria – Reeve, 1854c: pl. 2, fig. 5, ex Deshayes ms. Deshayes, 1855b: 71. — Type locality: Philippine Islands; Cuming coll. — Type age: Recent. — Type material: NHMUK 20050505, holotype. — Current status: Lutraria curta Reeve, 1854 ( Beu 2006: 248; Huber 2010a: 451).

decora , Mactra – Reeve, 1854a: pl. 16, fig. 80, ex Deshayes ms; Deshayes, 1855b: 63. — Type locality: none given; Cuming coll. — Type age: Recent. — Type material: NHMUK 20190679, syntype. Mactra decora “Deshayes ” ( Ramakrishna & Dey 2010: 162). — Current status: synonym of Mactra lilacea Lamarck, 1818 ( Huber 2010a: 441; 2015: chapter 5 on CD) from the Indian Ocean.

dissimilis , Lutraria – Reeve, 1854c: pl. 2, fig. 8, ex Deshayes ms. Deshayes, 1855b: 72. — Type locality: none given [ Australia]; Cuming coll. — Type age: Recent. — Type material: NHMUK 20050504, syntype. — Current status: synonym of Lutraria australis Reeve, 1857 (first reviser: Beu 2006: 242-243). Huber (2010a: 451, 759- 760), however, rejected the additional opinion by Beu that this is the same as Lutraria rhynchaena Jonas, 1844 .

dissimilis , Mactra – Reeve, 1854a: pl. 13, fig. 59, ex Deshayes ms ; Deshayes, 1855b: 63. — Type locality: Australia ; Jukes; Cuming coll. — Type age: Recent. — Type material: NHMUK unnumbered, 2 syntypes. — Current status: Mactra dissimilis Reeve, 1854 ( Huber 2010a: 440) .

dolabrata , Mactra – Reeve, 1854a: pl. 19, fig. 107, ex Deshayes ms; Deshayes, 1855b: 66. — Type locality: none given; Cuming coll. — Type age: Recent. — Type material: NHMUK 1996444, syntype. Mactrinula dolabrata (Reeve, 1854) ( Wong, 2009: 286, 294, fig. 15a, b). — Current status: synonym of Mactrinula striatula (Linnaeus, 1767) [ Mactra ]; Huber 2010a: 446, 757; 2015: 835). However, Wong was probably right.

dysoni , Mactra – Reeve, 1854a: pl. 13, fig. 64, ex Deshayes ms. — Type locality: China; Cuming coll. — Type age: Recent. — Type material: NHMUK unnumbered, syntype. — Current status: synonym of Mactra eburnea Philippi, 1849 ( Huber 2010a: 440, 755).

egena, Mactra – Reeve, 1854a: pl. 14, fig. 71, ex Deshayes ms; Deshayes, 1855b: 68. — Type locality: none given; Cuming coll. — Type age: Recent. — Type material: NHMUK unnumbered, syntype. — Current status: Oxyperas egenum (Reeve, 1854) ( Huber 2010a: 449) from West Africa.

epidermia , Mactra – Reeve, 1854a: pl. 3, fig. 11, ex Deshayes ms. — Type locality: “ Faro, Portugal ” ; Cuming coll. — Type age: Recent. — Type material: NHMUK unnumbered, syntype. — Current status: the Magellanic Mulinia epidermia (Reeve, 1854) ( Huber 2010a: 758) .

eximia , Mactra – Reeve, 1854a: pl. 8, fig. 31, ex Deshayes ms ; Deshayes, 1854c: 16. — Type locality: Moreton Bay , Queensland, Australia ; Strange; Cuming coll. — Type age: Recent. — Type material: NHMUK unnumbered, 2 syntypes. — Current status: Mactra eximia Reeve, 1854 ( Huber 2010a: 440) .

explanata , Mactra – Reeve, 1854a: pl. 14, fig. 70, ex Deshayes ms; Deshayes, 1855b: 66. — Type locality: Swan River , Western Australia ; Cuming coll. — Type age: Recent. — Type material: NHMUK unnumbered, 3 syntypes. — Current status: Mactrotoma explanata (Reeve, 1854) ( Huber 2010a: 756) .

gibbosula , Mactra – Reeve, 1854a: pl. 16, fig. 79, ex Deshayes ms. India; Cuming coll. — Type age: Recent. — Type material: NHMUK unnumbered, syntype. Mactra gibbosula “Deshayes ” ( Ramakrishna & Dey 2010: 162). — Current status: synonym of Mactra quadrangularis (Reeve, 1854) ( Huber 2010a: 442; 2015: chapter 5 on CD).

hepatica , Mactra – Reeve, 1854a: pl. 19, fig. 110, ex Deshayes ms; Deshayes, 1855b: 63. — Type locality: Negros, Philippine Islands; Cuming coll. — Type age: Recent. — Type material: NHMUK unnumbered, 2 syntypes. — Current status: synonym of Mactra cygnus Gmelin, 1791 ( Huber 2010a: 444, 754.

impar , Lutraria – Reeve, 1854c: pl. 3, fig. 10, ex Deshayes ms; Deshayes, 1855b: 70. Moreton Bay , Queensland, Australia ; Cuming coll. — Type age: Recent. — Current status: Lutraria impar Reeve, 1854 ( Huber 2010a: 451).

inaequalis , Mactra – Reeve, 1854a: pl. 17, fig. 87, ex Deshayes ms; Deshayes, 1855b: 64. — Type locality: China; Cuming coll. — Type age: Recent. — Type material: NHMUK unnumbered, syntype. — Current status: Mactra inaequalis Reeve, 1854 ( Qi 2004: 270, pl. 148, fig. I, as “ inaequalish Deshayes”; Wong 2009: 285, 293, fig. 8a-b).

incarnata , Mactra – Reeve, 1854a: pl. 13, fig. 61, ex Deshayes ms. — Type locality: Swan River, Australia; Bacon; Cuming coll. — Type age: Recent. —Type material: NHMUK unnumbered, 3 syntypes. — Current status: Mactra incarnata Reeve, 1854 ( Huber 2010a: 441). incongrua, Mactra – Reeve, 1854a: pl. 18, fig. 100, ex Deshayes ms; Deshayes, 1855b: 64. — Type locality: Luzon, Philippine Islands; Cuming coll. — Type age: Recent. — Type material: NHMUK unnumbered, 2 syntypes. — Current status: synonym of Mactra cygnus Gmelin, 1791 ( Huber 2010a: 440, 755).

luzonica , Mactra – Reeve, 1854a: pl. 16, fig. 81, ex Deshayes ms; Deshayes, 1855b: 64. — Type locality: Luzon, Philippine Islands; Cuming coll. — Type age: Recent. — Type material: NHMUK unnumbered, 2 syntypes.— Current status: Mactra luzonica Reeve, 1854 ( Ramakrishna & Dey 2010: 163, as “Deshayes”; Huber 2010a: 441).

mera , Mactra – Reeve, 1854a: pl. 16, fig. 82, ex Deshayes ms; Deshayes, 1854c: 16. — Type locality: China; Cuming coll. — Type age: Recent. — Type material: NHMUK unnumbered, syntype. Mactra mera Reeve, 1854 ( Wong 2009: 285-286, 293, figs 3a-b, 4a-b, 20; Ramakrishna & Dey 2010: 137; 164-165, as “Deshayes”). — Current status: synonym of Mactra grandis Gmelin, 1791 ( Huber 2010a: 441, 756).

meretriciformis, Mactra – Reeve, 1854a: pl. 5, fig. 18, ex Deshayes ms. Port Essington, Australia; Jukes; Cuming coll. — Type age: Recent. — Type material: NHMUK unnumbered, 2 syntypes. — Current status: synonym of Mactra abbreviata Lamarck, 1818 ( Huber 2010a: 439, 753).

mitis , Mactra – Reeve, 1854a: pl. 10, fig. 41, ex Deshayes ms. — Type locality: mouth of Gambia River; Cuming coll. — Type age: Recent. — Type material: NHMUK unnumbered, 2 syntypes. — Current status: Mactra mitis Reeve, 1854 ( Huber 2010a: 442, 756; 2015: 833-834).

murchisoni , Mactra – Reeve, 1854a: pl. 15, fig. 76, ex Deshayes ms; Deshayes, 1855b: 64-65. — Type locality: none given [ New Zealand; Maj. Greenwood; Cuming coll.]. — Type age: Recent. — Type material: NHMUK 1850.12.28.260, possible type. Mactra murchinsoni Reeve, 1854 ( Climo 1972; Powell 1979: 413, pl. 75, fig. 2). — Current status: Spisula murchisoni (Reeve, 1854) Huber 2010a: 449 ; 2015: 836).

obesa , Mactra – Reeve, 1854a: pl. 5, fig. 19, ex Deshayes ms; Deshayes, 1854c: 16. — Type locality: Torres Straits, Australia; Jukes; Cuming & Deshayes colls. — Type age: Recent. — Type material: NHMUK unnumbered, syntype. — Type species (OD) of Telemactra Iredale, 1929 , which is now regarded as a synonym of Mactra Linnaeus, 1767 . — Current status: synonym of Mactra abbreviata Lamarck, 1818 (E. A. Smith 1914: 137; Huber 2010a: 439).

opposita , Mactra – Reeve, 1854a: pl. 18, fig. 95, ex Deshayes ms; Deshayes, 1855b: 65. — Type locality: Luzon, Philippine Islands; Cuming coll. — Type age: Recent. — Type material: NHMUK unnumbered, 2 syntypes. — Current status: Mactra opposita Reeve, 1854 ( Huber 2010a: 442).

pellicula , Mactra – Reeve, 1854a: pl. 21, fig. 124, ex Deshayes ms; Deshayes, 1855b: 68-69. — Type locality: “ Japan ”; Cuming coll. — Type age: Recent. — Type material: NHMUK 1996445, syntype. — Current status: the Asian Raeta (Raetella) pellicula (Reeve, 1854) ( Harry 1969: 15-16, figs 14-15; Oliver 1992: 133, pl. 28, as “Deshayes”; Wong 2009: 287, 294, figs 11a-b, 12a-b; Huber 2010a: 761, not figd.).

philippinarum , Lutraria – Reeve, 1854c: pl. 1, fig. 4, ex Deshayes ms; Deshayes, 1855b: 71. — Type locality: Philippine Islands; Cuming coll. — Type age: Recent. — Type material: NHMUK 20050311, lectotype & paralectotype. — Current status: synonym of Lutraria australis Reeve, 1854 ( Lamprell & Whitehead 1992; Beu 2006: 242-243). Huber (2010a: 451, 759), however, rejected the additional opinion by Beu that this is the same as Lutraria rhynchaena Jonas, 1844 . plicatilis , Mactra – Reeve, 1854a: pl. 21, fig. 121, ex Deshayes ms. Deshayes, 1855b: 69. — Type locality: Philippine Islands; Cuming coll. — Type age: Recent. — Type material: NHMUK 1996447, syntype. — Current status: Tumbeziconcha plicatilis (Reeve, 1854) ( Huber 2010a: 757) .

pura , Mactra – Reeve, 1854a: pl. 12, fig.53, ex Deshayes ms; Deshayes, 1854c: 15. — Type locality: Australia; Cuming coll. — Type age: Recent.—Type material:NHMUK unnumbered, 3 syntypes. — Current status: Mactra pura Reeve, 1854 ( Huber 2010a: 442).

quadrangularis , Mactra – Reeve, 1854a: pl. 1, fig. 3, ex Deshayes ms; Deshayes, 1854c: 15. — Type locality: China; Cuming coll. — Type age: Recent. — Type material: NHMUK 20150112, 2 syntypes. — Current status: Mactra quadrangularis Reeve, 1854 ( Kantor & Sysoev 2005: 393; Huber 2010a: 442).

radiolata , Mactra – Reeve, 1854a: pl. 17, fig. 91, ex Deshayes ms; Deshayes, 1855b: 65. — Type locality:Zebu, Philippine Islands; Cuming coll. — Type age: Recent. — Type material: NHMUK unnumbered, syntype. — Current status: synonym of Mactra cygnus Gmelin, 1791 ( Huber 2010a: 440, 754-755).

reevei , Mactra – Reeve,1854a: pl. 16, fig.85, ex Deshayes ms; Deshayes, 1854c: 15. — Type locality: New Caledonia; Cuming coll. — Type age: Recent. — Type material: NHMUK unnumbered, 2 syntypes. Not to be confused with Mactrinula reevesii (J. E. Gray, 1837) [ Mactra ], as was done by Barnes & Morton (1997). — Current status: synonym of Mactra maculata Gmelin, 1791 ( Tomlin 1924: 135; figd. by Huber 2010a: 441).

rostralis , Mactra – Reeve, 1854a: pl. 21, figs 119, ex Deshayes ms; Deshayes, 1855b: 69. — Type locality: China (Reeve) Japan (Deshayes); Cuming coll. — Type age: Recent.— Type material: NHMUK 1996447, 2 syntypes. — Current status: synonym of Raeta pulchella (A. Adams & Reeve, 1850) [ Poromya ] ( Harry 1969: 17-19, figs 16- 19; Huber 2010a: 453).

scalpellum , Mactra – Reeve, 1854a: pl. 19, fig. 106, ex Deshayes ms; Deshayes, 1855b:65. —Type locality: New Zealand; Strange; Cuming coll. — Type age: Recent. — Type material: NHMUK 20160675, 5 syntype valves. — Type species (OD) of Scalpomactra Finlay , in Marwick, 1928. — Current status: Scalpomactra scalpellum (Reeve, 1854) ( Glibert & Van de Poel 1970: 21; Huber 2010a: 449).

semistriata , Mactra – Reeve, 1854a: pl. 12, fig. 55, ex Deshayes ms. — Type locality: none given; Cuming coll. — Type age: Recent. — Type material: NHMUK unnumbered, syntype. — Current status: Mactra semistriata Reeve, 1854 ( Huber 2010a: 756), perhaps from the Indian Ocean.

semisulcata , Mactra – Reeve, 1854a: pl. 11, fig. 48, ex Deshayes ms, non Lamarck, 1807. — Type locality: Australia; Cuming coll. — Type age: Recent.— Type material:NHMUK unnumbered, 2 syntypes.— Current status: the western Australian Mactra deshayesi Mayer, 1867 ( Mayer 1867: 45), replacement name ( Huber 2010a: 440, 755).

sericea , Mactra – Reeve, 1854a: pl. 3, fig.10, ex Deshayes ms; Deshayes, 1855b: 65-66. — Type locality: none given; Cuming coll. — Type age: Recent.—Typematerial:NHMUKunnumbered, 2 syntypes.— Current status: the Australian Mactra sericea Reeve, 1854 ( Huber 2010a: 442).

subrostrata , Mactra – Reeve, 1854a: pl. 7, fig. 25, ex Deshayes ms. — Type locality: Moluccas; Cuming coll. — Type age: Recent. — Type material: NHMUK unnumbered, syntype. — Current status: synonym of Mactra violacea Gmelin, 1791 ( Huber 2010a: 443; 2015: chapter 5 on CD).

sulcataria , Mactra – Reeve, 1854a: pl. 2, fig. 5, ex Deshayes ms; Deshayes, 1854c: 15. — Type locality: none given; Cuming coll. — Type age: Recent. — Type material: NHMUK 20130005, syntype, now labeled “Sandwich Islands”. — Current status: synonym of the western Pacific Mactra chinensis Philippi, 1846 ( Lutaenko 2014, probable syntype figd.; Lutaenko et al. 2021: 214).

symmetrica , Mactra – Reeve, 1854a: pl. 16, fig. 84, ex Deshayes ms; Deshayes, 1854c: 17. — Type locality: New Caledonia; Cuming coll. — Type age: Recent. — Type material: NHMUK 20190674, holotype. Mactra symmetrica “Deshayes ” ( Ramakrishna & Dey 2010: 164-165). Indeterminate Spisula ( Huber 2010a: 758) . — Current status: synonym of the South American Spisula petitii (d’Orbigny, 1841) ( Signorelli 2019: 50-51) .

transversa , Mactra – Reeve, 1854a: pl. 17, fig.88, ex Deshayes ms; Deshayes, 1855b: 66. — Type locality:none given; Cuming coll. — Type age: Recent. — Type material: NHMUK unnumbered, 4 syntypes. Spisula (Oxyperas) transversa (Reeve, 1854) ( Wong 2009: 290, 295, figs 17a-b, 18a-b, as “Deshayes”).— Current status: Spisula (Standella) “transversalis (Deshayes, 1854) ” ( Ramakrishna & Dey 2010: 168-169). Oxyperas transversum (Reeve, 1854) ( Huber 2015: chapter 5 on CD).

tristis , Mactra – Reeve, 1854a: pl. 14, fig. 69, ex Deshayes ms; Deshayes, 1855b: 69-70. — Type locality: Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia; Cuming coll. — Type age: Recent. — Type material: NHMUK 1850.12.9.24-25, 2 syntypes. — Type species (OD) of Cyclomactra Dall, 1895 . — Current status: Cyclomactra tristis (Reeve, 1854) ( Huber 2010a: 445) .

veneriformis , Mactra – Reeve, 1854a: pl. 1, fig. 2, ex Deshayes ms; Deshayes, 1854c: 15, non W. Wood, 1828. — Type locality: China; Cuming & Deshayes colls. — Type age: Recent. — Type material: NHMUK 20150113, 3 syntypes; MNHN-IM-2000-30803, syntype. — Current status: synonym of Mactra quadrangularis Reeve, 1854 ( Kantor & Sysoev 2005: 393; Huber 2015: chapter 5 on CD; Matsukuma, in Okutani 2017: 1265, pl. 558, fig. 2).

virgo , Mactra – Reeve, 1854a: pl. 13, fig. 62 [not 63 as listed], ex Deshayes ms; Deshayes, 1855b: 66-67. — Type locality: Swan River, Western Australia; Cuming coll. — Type age: Recent. — Type material: NHMUK unnumbered, syntype. — Current status: synonym of Mactra pura Reeve, 1854 (first reviser: E. A. Smith 1914: 147; Huber 2010a: 442).

grateloupi , Mactra (Heteromactra) – Cossmann & Peyrot, 1909b: pl. 5, figs 1-3, 1909c: 242-243, fig. 17, 253-254, ex Deshayes ms. The Miocene type species (OD) of Heteromactra Cossmann & Peyrot, 1909b, non E. Lamy, 1906. Genus replaced as Allomactra Tomlin, 1931 .