Pseudosmittia Edwards, 1932

Ferrington Jr, Leonard C. & Saether, Ole A., 2011, A revision of the genera Pseudosmittia Edwards, 1932, Allocladius Kieffer, 1913, and Hydrosmittia gen. n. (Diptera: Chironomidae, Orthocladiinae) 2849, Zootaxa 2849 (1), pp. 1-314 : 144-146

Key to male imagines of Pseudosmittia Edwards

1. Virga consisting of median single spine (about 14 or about 50 µm long), and lateral spinules, superior volsella a rounded basal swelling of inner margin of gonocoxite; antepronotal lobes moderately reduced medially............................. 2

– Virga consisting of single or double median spine without lateral spinules or additional structures, but may have lateral lamellae; superior volsella a basal swelling, or more usually absent or digitiform; antepronotal lobes usually strongly reduced medially, when well developed or only slightly reduced and superior volsella a pronounced basal swelling virga very long (62–94 µm) and conspicuous................................................................................... 3

2. Median spine of virga about 50 µm long, third palpomere with 7 scalpellate sensilla clavata, AR about 1.0, Cu 1 curved; Nearctic........................................................................... P. spinispinata sp. n. (p. 161)

– Median spine of virga about 14 µm long, third palpomere with 2–3 lanceolate sensilla clavata, AR 0.3–0.5, Cu 1 sinuate; Palaearctic..................................................................... P. gracilis (Goetghebuer) (p. 159)

3. Superior volsella consisting of rounded, well developed basal swelling of inner margin of gonocoxite; either superior volsella with microtrichia-free inner margin or anal point long, darkly sclerotized and fusiform, or anal point and inferior volsella absent and gonostylus strongly curved..................................................................... 4

– Superior and median volsella weak or absent, or consisting of single superior volsella with single or double median volsella; superior volsella when present, not free of microtrichia; anal point never darkly sclerotized and fusiform; if anal point and inferior volsella absent gonostylus not strongly curved........................................................... 7

4. Gonostylus strongly curved; anal point and inferior volsella absent; virga straight and very long (64–94 µm) Afrotropical and Oriental ..................................................................... P. guineensis (Kieffer) (p. 155)

– Gonostylus not curved, anal point and inferior volsella present; virga 14–34 µm long................................ 5

5. Anal point triangular, inner margin of superior volsella without microtrichia, AR 0.21– 0.27; Holarctic..................................................................................... P. holsata Thienemann et Strenzke (p. 151)

– Anal point parallel-sided to fusiform, darkly sclerotized; inner margin of superior volsella with microtrichia; AR 0.37–0.49; Afrotropical......................................................................................... 6

6. Anal point fusiform ( Fig. 87 F ) 71–87 µm long, LR 1 0.65–0.66............................... P. fusata sp. n. (p. 231)

– Anal point parallel-sided ( Fig. 87 A ) 41 µm long, LR 1 0.61................................ P. parifusata sp. n. (p. 231)

7. Superior volsella absent or indicated as basal swelling of inner margin of gonocoxite, median volsella absent; inferior volsella single, with or without accessory lobe..................................................................... 8

– Superior volsella digitiform or lobe-like, median volsella often present but may be more or less fused with superior volsella single some distance from base of gonocoxite; inferior volsella single or double, often appendage-like, accessory lobe often distinctive.......................................................................................... 57

8. Virga U-shaped and very long (48–94 µm); inferior volsella low, accessory lobe barely indicated; anal lobe of wing reduced..................................................................................................... 9

– Virga not U-shaped, at most 73 µm long, usually less than 35 µm long; inferior volsella low or well developed, accessory lobe well developed or barely indicated; anal lobe of wing well developed or reduced................................... 10

9. Gonostylus without outer heel, with pronounced apical crista dorsalis; postcubital fork present; Japan........................................................................................... P. tokaraneoa Sasa et Suzuki (p. 242)

– Gonostylus with outer heel, crista dorsalis not pronounced; postcubital fork not observed; Russian Far East......................................................................... P. rostriformis Makarchenko et Makarchenko (p. 170)

10. Palp reduced, palpomeres 2–5 all subequal in length, transverse sternapodeme reduced, unsclerotized; Brazil............................................................................ P. palpina Andersen, Saether et Mendes (p.252)

– Palp not reduced; transverse sternapodeme well developed, sclerotized.......................................... 11

11. Virga 33–48 µm long, with lateral lamellae or consisting of two spines; superior volsella with strong orally directed microtrichia; inferior volsella very weak; crista dorsalis well developed................................................ 12

– Virga shorter or occasionally longer (57–73 µm), without lateral lamellae, not consisting of two long spines; superior volsella without conspicuously strong microtrichia; inferior volsella usually well developed; crista dorsalis usually weak or absent. 15

12. Virga without lateral lamellae, consisting of two spines longer than half the length of the phallapodeme; Brazil.......................................................................... P. carioca Andersen, Saether et Mendes (p. 252)

– Virga with lateral lamellae, not consisting of two spines...................................................... 13

13. Gonostylus with outer corner and large, bluntly pointed crista dorsalis........................................... 14

– Gonostylus without outer corner, with smaller, more sharply pointed crista dorsalis; Neotropical..................................................................................... P. lamellata Andersen, Saether et Mendes (p. 255)

14. Gonostylus not curved; Neotropical.................................... P. tropis Andersen, Saether et Mendes (p. 255)

– Gonostylus with basal curve; Afrotropical............................................ P. propetropis sp. n. (p.254)

15. R 4+5 ending slightly distal to or above apex of M 3+4, Cu 1 sinuate or curved; median antepronotal lobes usually well developed, occasionally reduced; wing length 0.86–1.42 mm ............................................................ 16

– R 4+5 ending proximal to apex of M 3+4, (or when ending above then Cu 1 straight); Cu 1 straight, curved or sinuate; median antepronotal lobes usually reduced, occasionally relatively well developed; wing length 0.55–1.17 mm ................ 19

16. Accessory lobe of inferior volsella weak or absent........................................................... 17

– Accessory lobe of inferior volsella long; Palaearctic.................................... P. simplex Strenzke (p. 163)

17. Anal point long, bare and parallel-sided; anal lobe of wing indicated, but wing narrow; inferior volsella without accessory lobe; postcubitus forked; Afrotropical............................................ P. melanostola (Kieffer) (p. 198)

– Anal point triangular; wing cuneiform; accessory lobe of inferior volsella present or absent; postcubitus not forked......... ................................................................................................... 18

18. Costal extension long, virga about 57 µm long, accessory lobe of inferior volsella present; Afrotropical................................................................................................. P. cunealata sp. n. (p. 242)

– No costal extension, virga 14–20 µm long, no accessory lobe of inferior volsella; Brazil............................................................................................. P. paulista Andersen, Saether et Mendes (p. 171)

19. Twelve flagellomeres, AR 0.32; wing length 0.55 mm; anal point minute; inferior volsella sharply triangular; Brazil......................................................................... P. nana Andersen, Saether et Mendes (p. 167)

– Thirteen flagellomeres, AR usually higher than 0.4; wing length 0.54–1.39 mm; anal point absent to long; inferior volsella not sharply triangular..................................................................................... 20

20. Gonostylus with large, rounded apical crista dorsalis......................................................... 21

– Gonostylus without or with low crista dorsalis.............................................................. 22

21. Wing cuneiform, Cu 1 straight, virga spiniform, wing 0.91–1.03 mm long; China., USA......... P. cristagata sp. n. (p. 185)

– Wing with reduced anal lobe, but not cuneiform; virga consisting of a small triangular plate, wing about 0.73 mm long; Turkey......................................................................... P. rotunda Caspers et Reiss (p. 167)

22. Inferior and superior volsella lacking, anal point absent or barely indicated, AR about 0.33; Palau, Guam, Northern Marianas, Micronesia.................................................................... P. zonata (Tokunaga) (p. 227)

– Inferior volsella present, anal point present or absent, AR usually higher than 0.4.................................. 23

23. Anal point broadly triangular but not sharply pointed, with lateral setae; gonostylus sharply curved without crista dorsalis; wing cuneiform; Brazil........................................... P. amorimi Andersen, Saether et Mendes (p. 228)

– Anal point when broadly triangular sharply pointed or gonostylus not curved or crista dorsalis well developed or wing not cuneiform.......................................................................................... 24

24. Anal point absent or broadly triangular with lateral setae, mid tibia with one apical spur (not known for P. pinhoi )........ 40

– Anal point parallel-sided to narrowly triangular, longer than basal width; mid tibia with one or two apical spurs.......... 25

25. Accessory lobe of inferior volsella present................................................................. 26

– Accessory lobe of inferior volsella absent................................................................. 45

26. Gonostylus bifurcate and with inner lobe crenulate, AR 0.42–0.60; Holarctic, Nansei Islands ( Japan)..................................................................................................... P. mathildae Albu (p. 210)

– Gonostylus simple, AR about 0.2 or 0.6–1.5............................................................... 27

27. Anal point fusiform, AR about 0.2; Afrotropical....................................... P. capicola Freeman (p. 229)

– Anal point narrowly triangular, AR 0.6–1.5................................................................ 28

28. Four dorsocentrals, anal point complex ( Kikuchi & Sasa 1990, fig. 30g); Indonesia................................................................................................... P. tobaduovicesima Kikuchi et Sasa (p. 171)

– With 8–13 dorsocentrals, anal point normal................................................................ 29

29. Terminal flagellomere with strong apical seta, mid tibia with two spurs, inferior volsella very low; Palaearctic..................................................................................... P. albipennis Goetghebuer (p. 244)

– Terminal flagellomere without strong apical seta, mid tibia with one spur, inferior volsella low to well developed........ 30

30. Postcubitus forked, VR 1 1.54–1.97, VR 2 1.21–1.68.......................................................... 31

– Postcubitus not forked, VR 1.39–1.59.................................................................... 33

31. Third palpomere with apical projection and 5–6 scalpellate sensilla clavata; Neotropical........................................................................................... P. joaquimvenancioi (Messias et Oliveira) (p. 184)

– Third palpomere without apical projection, with 2 sensilla clavata; Nearctic and Neotropical...... P. digitata Saether (p. 180)

32. Inferior volsella very weak, tarsal pseudospurs conspicuous; Ghana......................... P. legonensis sp. n. (p. 178)

– Inferior volsella prominent, hooked; tarsal pseudospurs not prominent; Ghana.................. P. unniae sp. n. (p. 177)

33. Postcubitus forked, 14–23 dorsocentral setae, clypeus with 8–13 setae........................................... 34

– Postcubitus simple or occasionally forked in some specimens, 9–20 dorsocentral setae, clypeus with 2–10 setae.......... 35

34. Inferior volsella tongue shaped, anal lobe of wing weak but present, 5–11 prealar setae, third palpomere with 7–12 sensilla clavata; Palaearctic......................................................... P. brevifurcata (Edwards) (p. 249)

– Inferior volsella shorter, with blunt apex; anal lobe of wing absent, wing cuneiform, 3 prealar setae, third palpomere with 4 sensilla clavata; Afrotropical...................................................... P. hirtella (Freeman) (p. 191)

35. Inferior volsella tongue-shaped, rounded.................................................................. 36

– Inferior volsella bluntly triangular, hook-shaped or with digitiform apex......................................... 37

36. Third palpomere with apical spiniform seta and 5–6 sensilla clavata, LR 1 0.67–0.71, LR 2 0.57–0.61, LR 3 0.66–0.68; Guam, Palau, Northern Marianas....................................................... P.insulsa (Johannsen) (p. 224)

– Third palpomere without apical spiniform seta, with either 2 or 10–12 sensilla clavata, LR lower..................... 38

37. Third palpomere with 2 lanceolate sensilla clavata; LR 1 about 0.53, LR 2 0.49, LR 3 0.57; Spain....... P. carita sp. n. (p. 247)

– Third palpomere with 10–12 scalpellate sensilla clavata; LR 1 0.62, LR 2 0.54, LR 3 0.64; Micronesia.............................................................................................. P. macrobrachia (Edwards) (p. 194)

38. Inferior volsella bluntly triangular; Afrotropical, Japan.................................... P. topei Lehmann (p. 173)

– Inferior volsella hook-shaped or pointed triangular.......................................................... 39

39. Inferior volsella hook-shaped, anal point triangular, third palpomere with 10 sensilla clavata; Caribbean, Brazil..................................................................................... P. windwardensis (Saether) (p. 196)

– Inferior volsella pointed triangular, anal point parallel-sided; third palpomere with 3 sensilla clavata; Thailand............................................................................................. P. malickyi sp. n. (p. 175)

40. Anal point absent, third palpomere with 7–10 sensilla clavata and occasionally with apical spine...................... 41

– Anal point present, broadly triangular; third palpomere with 2–14 sensilla clavata.................................. 44

41. Gonostylus oar-shaped; third palpomere with strong apical spines; Seychelles................. P. remigula Saether (p. 198)

– Gonostylus attenuate, third palpomere without apical spine................................................... 42

42. Gonocoxite with posterolateral comb of 4–8 setae; inferior volsella placed close to apex of gonocoxite, sharply triangular with flap-like accessory lobe underneath...................................................................... 43

– Gonocoxite without comb, inferior volsella more anterior, no accessory lobe...................................... 44

43. Posterolateral comb of gonocoxite consisting of broad bristles, gonocoxite with extended posterolateral corner, LR 1 about 0.48.......................................................................... P. setiforceps (Tokunaga) (p. 220)

– Posterolateral comb of gonocoxite consisting of normal-sized bristles, gonocoxite without posterolateral extension, LR 1 0.54– 0.58; Oceania, Jamaica......... P. brachydicrana (Edwards) (p. 222) [and possibly P. kauaiensis (Hardy) with LR 1 of 0.63] 44. Postcubital fork present, inferior volsella very long and narrow; Micronesia, Marshall Islands P. yapensis (Tokunaga) (p. 189)

Figures

FIGURE 87. Pseudosmittia spp., male. A—P. parifusata sp. n., male. hypopygium, left dorsal aspect, right ventral aspect. B— G. P. fusata sp. n. B—head; C—third palpomere; D—cibarial pump and stipes; E—wing; F—hypopygium, left dorsal aspect, right ventral aspect; G—virga.