Cochylimorpha dorsimaculana ( Preissecker, 1908 )

Kovács, Zoltán, Kovács, Sándor, Buchner, Peter & Junnilainen, Jari, 2024, A review of the Cochylimorpha perfusana (Guenée, 1845) species group (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) in Europe, with the description of a new species from the Southern Carpathians (Romania), Nota Lepidopterologica 47, pp. 125-162 : 125-162

Cochylimorpha dorsimaculana ( Preissecker, 1908) sp. rev.

Figs 3 , 4 , 10 , 14 , 21–22 , 29 , 33 , 38

Euxanthis dorsimaculana Preissecker, 1908, Verhandlungen der zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 58: 70. Type locality: Wachau and Retz in Lower Austria. Synonymized with Stenodes perfusana ( Guenée, 1845) by Razowski (1970: 162).

Euxanthis dorsimaculana Kennel 1913: 340, pl. 15 fig. 12.

Stenodes (Eustenodes) dorsimaculana Razowski 1960: 299, figs 14, 45, 70, 122.

Misidentifications.

Stenodes perfusana Razowski 1970 : colour pl. 8 fig. 79-2.

Cochylimorpha perfusana Razowski 2001: 36 , colour pl. 3 fig. 51 a; 2002: 43, colour pl. 5 fig. 91 a; 2009: 37, colour pl. 3 fig. 97 a.

Type material examined.

Euxanthis dorsimaculana Preissecker, 1908 : Paralectotypes. 1 ♂, [Lower Austria, Wachau,] Gaisberg , 9. vi. [19] 07, Stein a. [n] D. [onau]; dorsimaculana Type; Praep. Gen. Nr.: 3427 ♂; dorsimaculana Pr. , det. et praep.: J. Razowski, 1959, [museum-ID: MV 2143 ]; Preissecker l [eg.], NHMW (Fig. 34 ) ; 1 ♂, Gr. [osse] Heide , 2. vii. [19] 05, Retz, Preissecker l [eg]., dorsimaculana Type ; 1 ♂, Gaisberg, 9. vi. [19] 07, Stein a. [n] D. [onau], Preissecker l [eg.], dorsimaculana Type, NHMW Type fot [o] 2013, NHMW, [left hindwing broken, abdomen missing] ; 1 ♀, Gaisberg , 9. vi. [19] 07, Stein a. [n] D. [onau], Stenodes dorsimaculana Type, Praep. Gen. Nr.: 3428 ♀ / Razowski, museum-ID: MV 2144 , Preissecker l [eg]., dorsimaculana P., det. et praep.: 1959, J. Razowski, all NHMW .

Additional material examined.

6 ♂, 3 ♀, Austria: 1 ♂, Austr. [ia] inf. [erior], Retz , 17. vi. [19] 11, genit. slide Buchner, museum-ID: MV 20072 , Preissecker l [eg]., NHMW ; 1 ♂, Austr. [ia] inf. [erior], Stein a. [n] D. [onau] , Gaisberg , 1. vi. [19] 14, Preissecker l [eg]., NHMW ; 1 ♀, Austr. [ia] inf. [erior], Spitz , 2. vii. [19] 22, genit. slide Buchner, museum-ID: MV 20076 , NHMW ; 1 ♂, Austria Inferior, Dürnstein , 1. vi. 1962, J. Klimesch [leg.], [without abdomen], MfN ; 2 ♂, 1 ♀: Lower Austria, Oberloiben, 300 m, larvae leg. 19. iv. 2008 in flower-heads of Centaurea triumfettii , ♂♂ emerged 8. and 9. v. 2008, ♀ emerged 10. v. 2008, P. Buchner leg., cult. & coll. ; 1 ♂, Lower Austria, Oberloiben, Höhereck , 300 m, 18. v. 2011, DNA sample BC _ LSNOE _ 02046 (658 [0 n]), W. Stark leg. & coll. ; 1 ♀, Lower Austria, Retz, Muzion , 300 m, 7. vi. 2014, DNA sample BC _ LSNOE _ 02048 (658 [0 n]), W. Stark leg. & coll.

Diagnosis.

Cochylimorpha dorsimaculana is externally characterized by a slightly yellowish white ground colour that differs only slightly from the light brownish yellow reticulate pattern; only the large yellowish brown dorsal blotch with an admixture of brown scales is distinct. In the male genitalia the tegumen has straight margins and a pointed terminal process; the valva is wide; the median process of the transtilla is rather short, very wide, and with a round apex; the caulis is wide with shallow ventro-lateral folds; and the phallus is long and S-shaped with a ventrally and laterally curved and latero-basally attached cornutus ½ as long as the phallus. In the female genitalia the papillae anales are lanceolate and densely covered with strong short setae; the apophyses are stout; the ductus bursae is very short; and the corpus bursae is large with the signa posteriorly consisting of a small sclerotized plate with a few longitudinal folds and centrally a large group of thorns.

Redescription.

Adult, male (Figs 3 , 38 ). Head. Frons and vertex covered with brownish yellow scales. Labial palpus about 2.5 times diameter of eye, first segment short, second segment long and wide, third segment short, all covered with brownish yellow scales on the medial surface and yellowish brown on the lateral surface. Antenna filiform, reaching ½ forewing length, brown, dorsally covered with brownish yellow scales.

Thorax. Dorsally covered with light brownish yellow scales similar to head, long and erect scales in posterior 1 / 3. Tegula light brownish yellow. Forewing length 7–8 mm, wingspan 16–18.5 mm. Forewing short and trapezoidal, gradually widening from base to apex, about 2 1 / 3 times as long as wide, without costal fold, costal margin and termen straight, apex rounded. Ground colour shiny yellowish white differing only slightly in colour from the light brownish yellow reticulate pattern forming an indistinct basal blotch, a median transverse fascia and a subterminal blotch, distinct dorsal part of median transverse fascia a large, yellowish brown dorsal blotch. Admixture of brown scales forming an indistinct narrow line along basal ½ of costal margin distally with small spots towards apex, distinct spots on edges of dorsal blotch and narrow oblique line on basal edge of subterminal blotch. Fringe yellowish white. Hindwing without costal roll, grey, darkest along margins, fringe slightly yellowish white with light grey basal line. Underside of thorax and forewing dark brownish grey, distal ½ of costal margin with a row of light yellow spots, yellowish white line along basal ½ of subcostal vein and along posterior margin, fringe yellowish white with an interrupted grey line; hindwing yellowish white densely covered with brownish grey scales in anterior ½, light yellow along M 2 vein, fringe yellowish white. Legs yellowish white with admixture of brownish grey scales on medial and lateral surfaces.

Abdomen covered with grey scales, light grey at distal edge of segments, and last segment with light brownish yellow scales.

Variation. Ground colour varying from almost pure white to yellowish white, markings and admixture of brown scales more or less pronounced.

Male genitalia (Figs 10 , 21 , 22 , 29 , 38 ). Tegumen tapering distally, with straight margins, terminal process short and pointed. Socius long, wide, trapezoidal, from lateral margin of tegumen, densely covered with medium long setae. Median process of transtilla rather short, very wide, parallel-sided, apex round, with a group of small thorns. Valva wide at base, gradually narrowing towards cucullus; costa only slightly convex at basal 1 / 3, then straight towards cucullus; sacculus almost ½ length of valva, convex; ventral margin of valva slightly convex; cucullus wide, round. Vinculum rod-like, slightly sinuous, parallel sided, ventral end curved inward; saccus short, membranous. Caulis wide with long, shallow ventro-lateral folds. Phallus as long as valva, S-shaped, coecum slightly curved dorsally, distally curved ventrally at about 15 degrees, ventral phallic process curved slightly more ventrally, rather long and tapering; vesica with single non-deciduous cornutus, stout, attached latero-basally, with a wide base, aciculate, slightly curved both ventrally and laterally, and only slightly shorter than ½ length of phallus.

Variation. Cornutus variably curved, its base of varying size and shape.

Female (Fig. 4 ). Forewing length 7–8 mm, wingspan 16–18 mm. Forewing slightly wider than that of male. Hindwing with 3 bristles in the frenulum, nearly uniformly dark grey, fringe with distinct basal line.

Variation. Margins at end of hindwing veins with a row of dark grey dots.

Female genitalia (Figs 14 , 33 ). Papilla analis 1 1 / 3 as long as segment VIII, narrow, elongated, lanceolate, densely covered with strong and short setae. Posterior apophysis almost 2 times as long as segment VIII, strongly sclerotized, posterior 1 / 3 wide, rod-like and stout in remainder. Segment VIII with long, strong setae dispersed on posterior ½. Anterior apophysis similar to posterior apophysis, but slightly longer. Ostium ½ as wide as segment VIII. Antrum trapezoidal, strongly sclerotized, 2 / 3 as long as wide. Sterigma with widened lateral sides and strengthened medially, densely covered with microspines. Anteostial sclerite weak, indistinct, flattened, with microspines. Ductus bursae membranous, as wide as antrum and slightly wider than long. Corpus bursae large, roundish, 1 ½ as long as wide, membranous; signum a posteriorly situated, strongly sclerotized plate with distinct longitudinal folds and a group of large thorns arranged in a sinuous row extending from posterior 1 / 3 into median 1 / 3 of bursa. Accessory bursa membranous, about 1 / 3 size of corpus bursae, with a short, wide postero-ventral join.

Molecular data

(Fig. 36 ). BIN URI: BOLD: ADI 4764 . The intraspecific divergence of the barcode region is 0 % (n = 2). The DNA barcoded specimens share the BIN with C. perfusana , but cluster separately as the sister group with a minimum distance of 1.07 %. The minimum distance to C. callosana is 3.12 %, and to C. bucegiana sp. nov. is 3.62 %. Cochylimorpha dorsimaculana seems to be phylogenetically the most recently evolved member of the group.

Biology.

In the original description the flight period was given as 27 May to 13 July, and Centaurea rhenana Bor. (= Centaurea stoebe L.) was identified as the presumed host-plant ( Preissecker 1908: 72). Two ♂ and one ♀ from Oberloiben in the Wachau area were reared by P. Buchner in 2008. Larvae were found in the flower-heads of Centaurea triumfettii All. ( Asteraceae ) in mid-April, and pupated in the same place at the end of April (Figs 40–42 ). Adults emerged between 8–10 May, which is the earliest recorded date for the species. Given the restricted distribution of C. dorsimaculana and its confirmed host-plant, Centaurea triumfettii , it is doubtful that the widespread Centaurea stoebe is a host-plant.

Habitat

(Fig. 39 ). Larvae have been collected in xerothermic open to semi-open habitats from Centaurea triumfettii , predominantly on south-east to south-west facing slopes at around 200–300 m elevation. These habitats are part of the Wachau, a 35 km long section of the river Danube, where it cuts through the southern tip of the Bohemian Massif. It therefore belongs to the southern edge of the Austrian natural area of granite and gneiss highlands.

Distribution

(Fig. 48 ). Cochylimorpha dorsimaculana was described from the wine-growing area of Wachau and the neighbouring Retz in Lower Austria ( Preissecker 1908: 72), and is only known from these two small areas of Lower Austria. All of the collecting sites are at low elevations between 200 and 300 m. The species is considered an endemic of Wachau and Retz in Lower Austria.

We examined material from Lower Austria: Wachau (Dürnstein, Gaisberg – type locality, Spitz an der Donau, Oberloiben) and Retz (Muzion); for details see the examined material above. Further material was identified from figures in the literature or available on the world wide web (all as C. perfusana ): the same locations in the Wachau area and in Retz in Lower Austria ( Razowski 1970: 162–163, pl. 8 fig. 79-2; 2001: pl. 3 fig. 51 a; 2002: pl. 5 fig. 91 a; 2009: pl. 3 fig. 97 a; P. Buchner in Lepiforum; W. Stark in BOLD). Literature data: in Razowski (1970: 163, colour pl. 8 fig. 79-2; 2001: 37; 2002: 43; 2009: 37, all as C. perfusana ) only records from Wachau and Retz in Lower Austria refer to this species. However, specimens from Hardegg, a similar habitat also in Lower Austria and also given by Razowski, may refer to this species, but we were not able to confirm this.

Remarks.

We were not able to locate the voucher material of Euxanthis dorsimaculana Preiss. recorded from Romania (Transylvania) based on the written communication of J. Kennel given by Galvagni and Preissecker (1913: 49). Razowski’s (1970: 163) record from Romania (Transylvania) is based on the previous literature source. In our opinion these records may not refer to this species, but to C. bucegiana sp. nov.

Taxonomic notes.

Euxanthis dorsimaculana was described from an unspecified number of specimens of both sexes collected from Wachau and Retz in Lower Austria ( Preissecker 1908: 70). The lectotype ♂ (“ Gaisberg, 10. VI. [19] 06 Stein a. [n] D. [onau] ” Coll. NHMW) was designated by Razowski (1970: 162) who synonymized the species with Stenodes perfusana . However, this specimen currently is untraceable in NHMW.

Razowski (1960: 299), in his description of the subgenus Eustenodes Razowski, 1960 , designated Euxanthis dorsimaculana Preissecker, 1908 as the type species. Later this subgenus was synonymized with Stenodes Guenée, 1845 by Razowski (1970: 38, 116). The male genitalia of C. dorsimaculana were figured for the first time by P. Buchner (Lepiforum, accessed on 5 March 2024), the female genitalia are figured here for the first time.

The reasons why Cochylimorpha dorsimaculana ( Preissecker, 1908) , sp. rev. is elevated to species rank are:

the divergence in DNA barcodes: the DNA barcoded specimens of C. dorsimaculana and C. perfusana share the same BIN, but cluster in two sister groups with a minimum distance of 1.07 % between them.

the strikingly different external morphology of the two taxa: C. dorsimaculana has an indistinct light brownish yellow reticulate pattern and the dominant element of the marking is a large, brown dorsal blotch in contrast to a conspicuous light olive-green reticulate pattern uniformly dispersed on the entire forewing of C. perfusana .

the differences in the genitalia of both sexes. The male C. dorsimaculana has the tegumen with straight margins, a short and pointed terminal process, a rather short, very wide and parallel-sided median process of the transtilla with a round apex and a gradually narrowing valva, whereas C. perfusana has the tegumen with convex margins and an elongated terminal process, a long and wide median process of the transtilla with a tapering apex and a narrower and variable shaped valva. The female C. dorsimaculana possesses signa consisting of both a sclerotized plate and a group of thorns, whereas C. perfusana has a signum which is only a very weakly sclerotized plate.

the differences in habitats: C. dorsimaculana inhabits meadows at low elevations (200–300 m), in contrast to mountain and high-mountain meadows (between 550–2100 m) inhabited by C. perfusana .

Figures

Figure 36. Neighbour-joining tree (Kimura 2 parameter) comprising sequences longer than 600 bp of the Cochylimorpha perfusana species group, with Cochylimorpha jucundana (Treitschke, 1835) as outgroup (details of Sample ID, Process ID and GenBank Accession in Appendix 1).

Figure 38. Euxanthis dorsimaculana Preissecker, 1908, paralectotype ♂, slide and their labels, photograph P. Buchner, courtesy and with the kind permission of Sabine Gaal-Haszler, NHMW, Vienna.

Figure 48. Distribution map of the Cochylimorpha perfusana species group based on material examined (dark shades), literature sources (light shades) and doubtful literature data (open circles): C. perfusana (Guenée, 1845) red circles; C. dorsimaculana (Preissecker, 1908), sp. rev. green squares; C. bucegiana Z. Kovács, S. Kovács & P. Buchner, sp. nov. yellow stars; C. callosana (Herrich-Schäffer, 1856), sp. rev. blue triangles. Map created with SimpleMappr (http://www.simplemappr.net).

Figures 3, 4. Cochylimorpha dorsimaculana (Preissecker, 1908), sp. rev., adults: 3. ♂, Lower Austria, Retz, 17. vi. 1911, slide Buchner, museum-ID: MV 20072, F. Preissecker leg., NHMW; 4. ♀, Lower Austria, Oberloiben, 300 m, larva leg. 19. iv. 2008 in flower-head of Centaurea triumfettii All., moth emerged 10. v. 2008, P. Buchner leg., cult. & coll.; photographs P. Buchner.

Figures 9, 10. Male genitalia of the Cochylimorpha perfusana species group, left: phallus in lateral view, centre and right: ventral view: 9. C. perfusana (Guenée, 1845), Austria Superior, Grosser Pyhrgas, 1600 m, 10. vii. 1939, slide Buchner, museum-ID: MV 20071, J. Klimesch leg., NHMW; 10. C. dorsimaculana (Preissecker, 1908), sp. rev., Lower Austria, Retz, 17. vi. 1911, slide Buchner, museum-ID: MV 20072, F. Preissecker leg., NHMW. Scale bar: 1 mm. Photographs P. Buchner.

Figures 13, 14. Female genitalia of the Cochylimorpha perfusana species group: 13. C. perfusana (Guenée, 1845), Austria, without further data, slide Buchner, museum-ID: MV 20074, J. Mann leg., NHMW; 14. C. dorsimaculana (Preissecker, 1908), sp. rev., Lower Austria, Spitz, 2. vii. 1922, slide Buchner, museum-ID: MV 20076, NHMW. Scale bar: 1 mm. Photographs P. Buchner.

Figures 18–27. Variation of male genitalia within the Cochylimorpha perfusana species group, median process of the transtilla in ventral view: 18–20. C. perfusana (Guenée, 1845): 18. Same data as fig. 9; 19. France, Hautes Alpes RN 05, La Grave 3 km E, 1700 m, 4–5. vi. 2003, slide Junnilainen 201709, J. Junnilainen leg. & coll.; 20. Bulgaria, Pirin Mountains, Orelek, 2000 m, 4. vii. 2014, slide Junnilainen 201710, J. Junnilainen leg. & coll.; 21, 22. C. dorsimaculana (Preissecker, 1908), sp. rev.: 21. same data as fig. 10; 22. Paralectotype, Lower Austria, Gaisberg, 9. vi. 1907, slide Razowski 3427, museum-ID: MV 2143, F. Preissecker leg., NHMW; 23, 24. C. bucegiana Z. Kovács, S. Kovács & P. Buchner, sp. nov.: 23. Paratype, same data as fig. 11; 24. Paratype, Romania, Southern Carpathians, Bucegi Mountains, Jepii valley, 1800 m, 11. viii. 2005, slide Buchner m 3564, S. & Z. Kovács leg. & coll.; 25–27. C. callosana (Herrich-Schäffer, 1856), sp. rev.: 25. Same data as fig. 12; 26. Croatia, Velebitski, 700 m, 5. vi. 2008, slide Buchner m 3566, J. Junnilainen leg. & coll.; 27. Same data as fig. 26, but slide Junnilainen 201711; Scale bar: 0.3 mm; 18, 21–26. Photographs P. Buchner; 19, 20, 27. Photographs J. Junnilainen.

Figures 28–31. Phalli of the Cochylimorpha perfusana species group in lateral view, compared, same data as Figs 9, 10, 24, 26: 28. C. perfusana (Guenée, 1845), straight; 29. C. dorsimaculana (Preissecker, 1908), sp. rev., S-shaped; 30. C. bucegiana Z. Kovács, S. Kovács & P. Buchner, sp. nov., long and ventrally curved; 31. C. callosana (Herrich-Schäffer, 1856), sp. rev., short and ventrally curved. Scale bar: 1 mm. Photographs P. Buchner.

Figures 32–35. Free floating female genitalia of the Cochylimorpha perfusana species group in left lateral view: 32. C. perfusana (Guenée, 1845), Southern France, 19. vi. 1910, slide Buchner, museum-ID: MV 20075, NHMW; 33. C. dorsimaculana (Preissecker, 1908), sp. rev., same data as fig. 14; 34. C. bucegiana Z. Kovács, S. Kovács & P. Buchner, sp. nov., same data as fig. 15; 35. C. callosana (Herrich-Schäffer, 1856), sp. rev., same data as fig. 16; note the similar shape of the papilla analis and of the apophyses to all species except C. bucegiana sp. nov., photographs P. Buchner.

Figures 39–42. Habitat, host-plant and immature stages of C. dorsimaculana (Preissecker, 1908), sp. rev.: 39. Habitat: Lower Austria, Oberloiben, 19. iv. 2008; 40. Attacked host-plant Centaurea triumfettii All.; 41. Larva in flower-head of the host-plant; 42. Pupa in flower-head of the host-plant; all same data as Fig. 39, but Fig. 42 photograph 27. iv. 2008; photographs P. Buchner.