Hydroides dirampha Mörch, 1863

Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando, Buelna, Alondra Sofía Rodríguez, León-González, Jesús Angel De, Camacho-Cruz, Karla Andrea & Carmona, Isabel, 2016, New records of sabellids and serpulids (Polychaeta: Sabellidae, Serpulidae) from the Tropical Eastern Pacific, Zootaxa 4184 (3), pp. 401-457 : 418-419

Hydroides dirampha Mörch, 1863

( Figures 4 , 11 E)

Hydroides (Eucarphus) dirampha Mörch, 1863: 379 , pl. 11, Fig. 10 . Type locality: St. Thomas, Caribbean Sea.

Hydroides (Eucarphus) benzoni Mörch, 1863: 380 , plate 11, fig. 11 (type locality: Bahia, Brazil, on gastropod Purpura haemastoma ).

Hydroides (Eucarphus) cumingii Mörch, 1863: 379 –380, plate 11, fig. 9 (type locality: Philippines); Ehlers 1905: 70 –72 (Oahu, Hawaii, harbor).

Hydroides (Eucarphus) cumingii navalis Mörch, 1863: 379 (type locality: New Zealand).

Eupomatus lunulifer Claparède, 1870: 181 –182 (type locality: Gulf of Naples , Italy; hull of a vessel in refit).

Eucarphus serratus Bush, 1910: 495 –496 (type locality: Bermuda).

Hydroides sp.— Treadwell 1914: 226, pl. 12, fig. 48 (“yacht bottom, Honolulu”, Hawaii).

Hydroides malleophorus Rioja, 1942: 126 –130, Figs 7 –14 (Mazatlán, Sinaloa, on rocks; type material lost); Salazar-Vallejo 1989b: 199 (Mexican coasts, checklist); Salazar-Vallejo & Londoño-Mesa 2004: 54 (Tropical Eastern Pacific, checklist); Hernández-Alcántara et al. 2008: 49 (mentioned only).

Hydroides lunulifera .— Nelson-Smith 1967: 31, Fig. 16 (Panamá Canal); Lakshmana Rao 1969: 5 –6, pl. 3, Figs a–g (Visakhapatnam and Madras, India; harbour); Straughan 1969: 232 (Oahu, Hawaii, samples from 1929 to 1968); Salazar- Vallejo & Londoño-Mesa 2004: 54 (Tropical Eastern Pacific, checklist).

Hydroides dirampha .— Long 1974: 28 (Oahu, Hawaii, 9–36 m; with moderate coverage on test panels to 15 m); Bailey-Brock 1976: 77–78 ( Oahu Island and Hawaii Island, reef flats, epifauna of mobile substrata [mollusks and crustaceans], boat harbors, lagoons and reef slope); Dueñas 1981: 100, fig. 30A–F (Cartagena Bay, Colombia; on cement wall and plastic tubes of shrimp culture ponds); Bailey-Brock 1987: 420 (Hawaii) ; Zibrowius 1992: 91 (discussion about its origin in tropical American Atlantic); Bastida-Zavala 1993: 35 (Caimancito Beach, La Paz Bay, Baja California Sur) ; Sun et al. 2015: 20–23, fig. 5a–b (New South Wales, Queensland and Western Australia; intertidal to 11.8 m; in lagoons and harbors, ship’s hulls, fish farms and other man-made structures).

Hydroides diramphus .—Bastida-Zavala & ten Hove 2003: 83–86, Figs 10 A–L (California, Baja California Sur and Hawaii; 0– 1 m); Salazar-Vallejo & Londoño-Mesa 2004: 54 (Tropical Eastern Pacific, checklist); Rodríguez-Valencia 2004: 520 (Petacalco Bay, Guerrero) ; Bastida-Zavala 2008: 25, Fig. 6 G (Hawaii, California and Sinaloa; 0–2 m); Okolodkov et al. 2007: 40 (cryptogenic in the Mexican Pacific); Bastida-Zavala 2009: 534, Figs 2 D, 4J (identification key for Tropical America ); ten Hove & Kupriyanova 2009: 53 (worldwide serpulid checklist); Tovar-Hernández et al. 2012: 14–15 ( Guaymas , Sonora) ; Bastida-Zavala et al. 2014: 326, Figs 19.1c–d (exotic in the Mexican Pacific); Murtaugh & Hernández 2014: 412 (Concepción Bay, Baja California Sur; oyster boxes suspended 3 m deep, for one month during a year cycle); Tovar-Hernández et al. 2014: 390 (API Guaymas , Sonora, and Marina Palmira, La Paz , Baja California Sur) ; Villalobos- Guerrero et al. 2014: 107 (Sinaloa, checklist).

Material examined. 54 specimens.

Baja California Sur: UANL 7870, 8 spec. ( Marina Santa Rosalía , sta. 1: 27°20’25.2”N, 112°15’56.1”W, March 31 2011, coll. ARB & JAL) ; UANL 7871, 3 spec. (same, February 12, 2013, coll. JAL & JMC); UANL 7872, 4 spec. ( Puerto Escondido , sta. 1: 25°48’51.8”N, 111°18’41.2”W, April 2, 2011, coll. JAL & ARB) ; UANL 7868 ( Marina Cantamar, Pichilingue, sta. 1: 24°16’42.7”N, 110°19’50.4”W, April 22, 2010, ARB & JAL); UANL 7873, 17 spec. ( Marina Los Cabos , San José del Cabo, sta. 1: 23°03’42.4”N, 109°40’27.8”W, April 4, 2011, coll. JAL & ARB) ; UANL 7869, 2 spec. ( Marina Cabo San Lucas, sta. 1: 22°53’09.1”N, 109°54’38.4”W, April 22, 2010, coll. JAL) ; UANL 7874 (same, April 4, 2011, coll. JAL & ARB).

Oaxaca: UMAR-Poly 762, 8 spec. ( Salina Cruz , angler pier, main dock, sta. 4, 1 m, May 26, 2011, coll. SGM et al.); UMAR-Poly 763, 9 spec. (same, hull of the shrimp boat “Golfo Pérsico”, 1 m, May 26, 2011, coll. EVP); UMAR-POLY 764 (“sample 85”, Oaxaca, 0–6 m, September 15, 2004).

Habitat. Intertidal to subtidal (12 m, Sun et al. 2015). On anthropogenic substrates in marinas and ports (from Cabo San Lucas, San José del Cabo, Pichilingue , Puerto Escondido and Santa Rosalía , Baja California Sur, and from Salina Cruz , Oaxaca) . Also on rocks on sandy bottom (Bastida-Zavala 2008) and oyster boxes suspended in Concepción Bay, Baja California Sur ( Murtaugh & Hernández 2014). Fouling species.

Distribution. Worldwide in temperate and tropical regions. Mediterranean, Gulf of Mexico to Brazil, South Africa, India, Australia, New Zealand, Philippines, South of Japan, Marshall Islands, Hawaii, California ( USA), Gulf of California to Oaxaca ( México) ( Lakshmana Rao 1969; Zibrowius 1971; Imajima 1978; Bastida-Zavala & ten Hove 2002; 2003; Bailey-Brock et al. 2012; Sun et al. 2012a; Sun et al. 2015).

Remarks. Zibrowius (1992) and Ben-Eliahu & ten Hove (2011) mentioned that the origin of Hydroides dirampha probably is the tropical Eastern Atlantic . This species is present in the Tropical Eastern Pacific for at least 70 years; it was first recorded in Mazatlán , Sinaloa, by Rioja (1942), as H. malleophorus ; half a century later, Bastida-Zavala (1993) recorded a specimen from a beach in La Paz Bay. Straughan (1969) recorded H. dirampha from samples collected in Oahu , Hawaii, between 1929 and 1968. More recently, Tovar-Hernández et al. (2012) and Tovar-Hernández et al. (2014) recorded the species in the fouling from Mazatlán , Sinaloa ; La Paz , Baja California Sur, and Guaymas , Sonora .

Almost all historic and recent records of Hydroides dirampha , from the Tropical Eastern Pacific were in ports and marinas, on anthropogenic substrates. However, in the Hawaiian Islands it is abundant both in natural sites (reef flats) and in boat harbors ( Long 1974; Bailey-Brock 1976). In Concepción Bay, Baja California Sur, Murtaugh & Hernández (2014) found that the species abundance changes drastically from warm (abundant, more than 60 specimens found in three oyster cages deployed in the water six times) to cold season (only one specimen found in three oyster cages deployed six times).

Figures

FIGURE 2. Distribution of the sabellids Branchiomma bairdi, Megalomma carunculata, Parasabella pallida and Pseudobranchiomma punctata in the Tropical Eastern Pacific, Southern California and Hawaii.

FIGURE 4. Distribution of Hydroides deleoni, H. dirampha, H. elegans and H. gairacensis..

FIGURE 6. Distribution of Hydroides panamensis, H. sanctaecrucis, H. similis and H. trompi.

FIGURE 7. Distribution of and Pomatostegus kroyeri, Protula balboensis, Pseudovermilia occidentalis and Pyrgopolon ctenactis.

FIGURE 10. Sabellids and serpulids in the Mexican Pacific. A. Branchiomma bairdi, anterior part; B – C. Megalomma carunculata, anterior part and caruncle; D. Parasabella pallida, anterior part; E – F. Pseudobranchiomma punctata, body and detail of abdominal section; G. Ficopomatus uschakovi, anterior part; H – I. Crucigera websteri, opercula, lateral and aboral side (colors in life and preserved).

FIGURE 11. Serpulids in the Tropical Eastern Pacific. A. Hydroides cf. amri, operculum and detail of verticil spine (modified of Bastida-Zavala & ten Hove 2003); B. H. brachyacantha, operculum; C. H. crucigera, operculum; D. H. deleoni, operculum; E. H. dirampha, operculum; F – G. H. elegans, sclerotized operculum in aboral view and fleshy operculum in lateral view; H. H. gairacensis, operculum; I. H. glandifera, operculum; J. H. humilis, operculum.