Branchiomma bairdi ( McIntosh, 1885 )

Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando, Buelna, Alondra Sofía Rodríguez, León-González, Jesús Angel De, Camacho-Cruz, Karla Andrea & Carmona, Isabel, 2016, New records of sabellids and serpulids (Polychaeta: Sabellidae, Serpulidae) from the Tropical Eastern Pacific, Zootaxa 4184 (3), pp. 401-457 : 406-407

Branchiomma bairdi ( McIntosh, 1885)

( Figures 2 , 10 A)

Dasychone bairdi McIntosh, 1885: 495 –497, pl. 30A, Figs 13 –16; pl. 39A, Figs 2 , 9 . Type locality: St. Thomas, Lesser Antilles.

Dasychone bairdi . — Monro 1933a: 267 (Dry Tortugas, Florida); Rioja 1952: 513 –516: pl. 1, Figs 1–7 (Sacrificios Island, Veracruz).

Branchiomma bairdi . — Johansson 1927: 167 (new combination); Tovar-Hernández & Knight-Jones 2006: 13 –17, Figs 3 A–D, H–K, 9C–D, 10C, 11B (type revision and new records from Florida, Mexican Caribbean, Atlantic side of Panamá and Lesser Antilles ; intertidal to 1 m); Ҫinar 2009: 2320–2322, Fig. 13 (as exotic species in the Levantine Sea , Turkey, and Cyprus; intertidal to 8 m, on mud, ropes, rocks and algae); Tovar-Hernández 2009: 508 (identification key for Tropical America ); Tovar-Hernández et al. 2009a: 2 –5, Figs 2–4 (exotic in Mazatlán , Sinaloa) ; Tovar-Hernández et al. 2009b: 321 – 325, Figs 2 a, d–e, h, 3a–b, 4a–b, 5a–b (invasive in Mazatlán, Sinaloa) ; Villalobos-Guerrero et al. 2012: 47 (Guasave and Ahome, Sinaloa, in shrimp farms of Litopenaeus vannamei [Boone], and oyster farms of Crassostrea sikamea [Amemiya], C. gigas [Thunberg] and C. corteziensis [Hertlein]); Tovar-Hernández & Yáñez-Rivera 2012a: 167 –190 (risk analysis); Tovar-Hernández et al. 2012: 10–11 (exotic in Balandra Beach and La Paz, Baja California Sur; Guaymas and San Carlos, Sonora; Guasave, Ahome, Mazatlán and Topolobampo, Sinaloa) ; Bastida-Zavala et al. 2014: 324, Fig. 19.1a (exotic in the Mexican Pacific); Ramalhosa et al. 2014: 2 –4 (Madeira Island, Portugal); Tovar-Hernández et al. 2014: 390 (several marinas and harbors of Sinaloa, Sonora and Baja California Sur) ; Villalobos-Guerrero et al. 2014: 106 (Sinaloa, checklist).

Branchiomma cf. bairdi . — Capa & López 2004: 70 –71, Fig. 5 A–I (Coiba Island, Panamá, on dead coral).

Material examined. More than 255 specimens.

Baja California: UANL 7843, 5 spec. (Bahía de los Ángeles, main pier, sta. 1: 28°56’52.9”N, 113°33’25.3”W, April 17–18, 2010, coll. JAL) ; UANL 7902 (same, sta. 2: 28°56’52.9”N, 113°33’24.9”W, April 17–18, 2010, coll. JAL).

Baja California Sur: UANL 7848, 6 spec. ( Marina Santa Rosalía , sta. 1, 27°20’25.2”N, 112°15’56.1”W, March 31, 2011, coll. JAL) ; UANL 7844 (same, sta. 3: 27°20’24.5”N, 112°15’56.1”W, April 19, 2010, coll. JAL); UANL 7845, 112 spec. ( Puerto Escondido , sta. 1, 25°48’51.8”N, 111°18’41.2”W, April 19-20, 2010, coll. JAL) ; UANL 7849, 3 spec. (same, April 2, 2011, coll. JAL); UANL 7846, 8 spec. ( Marina Cantamar, Pichilingue, sta. 1, 24°16’42.7”N, 110°19’50.4”W, April 22, 2010, coll. JAL); UANL 7851, 19 spec. (same, sta. 2: 24°16’42.7”N, 110°19’50.2”W, April 3, 2011, coll. JAL); UANL 7850, 19 spec. ( Marina Palmira, La Paz , 24°11’05.3”N, 110°18’12.8”W, April 3, 2011, coll. JAL) ; UANL 7852, 3 spec. ( Marina de La Paz , sta. 1: 24°09’17.7”N, 110°19’32.3”W, April 3, 2011, coll. JAL) ; UANL 7854, 15 spec. ( Marina Puerto Los Cabos , San José del Cabo, sta. 1: 23°03’42.4”N, 109°40’27.8”W, April 4, 2011, coll. JAL) ; UANL 7903, 20 spec. (same, sta. 2: 23°03’42.2”N, 109°40’29.5”W, April 4, 2011, coll. JAL); UANL 7847, 7 spec. ( Marina Cabo San Lucas, sta. 1, 22°53’09.1”N, 109°54’38.4”W, April 22, 2010, coll. JAL) ; UANL 7853, 13 spec. (same, sta. 1: 22°53’09.1”N, 109°54’38.4”W, April 4, 2011, coll. JAL).

Oaxaca: UMAR-Poly 702, 2 spec. (mouth of Corralero Lagoon , rocky substrate, intertidal, December 8, 2006, coll. RBZ); UMAR-Poly 703, 3 spec. (same, March 24, 2010, coll. KCC); UMAR-Poly 704, some spec. ( Salina Cruz , angler pier, main dock, sta. 4, 1 m, May 26, 2011, coll. SGM et al.); UMAR-Poly 705, some spec. (same, hull of the shrimp boat “Golfo Pérsico”, 1 m, May 26, 2011, coll. EVP); UMAR-POLY 701 (“sample 85”, Oaxaca, 0–6 m, September 15, 2004).

Habitat. Intertidal to subtidal (6 m). On mangrove roots and rocks. From anthropogenic substrates in ports and marinas, at pier piles, boat hulls, buoys, ropes, as well as oyster and shrimp farms (Villalobos-Guerrero et al. 2012). Fouling species.

Distribution. Caribbean. As exotic/invasive species in several sites from the Gulf of California (Sinaloa, Sonora, Baja California and Baja California Sur), Chacahua Lagoon and Salina Cruz , Oaxaca ( Tovar-Hernández & Knight-Jones 2006; Villalobos-Guerrero et al. 2012); Coiba Island, Panamá ( Capa & López 2004); Levantine Sea and Cyprus (Ҫinar 2009) and Madeira Island ( Ramalhosa et al. 2014).

Remarks. Tovar-Hernández et al. (2009a) recorded Branchiomma bairdi for the first time from Mazatlán and around; it also was reported from some beaches in La Paz Bay, Baja California Sur; from Guaymas and San Carlos ports, Sonora; and from Ahome, Guasave and Topolobampo, Sinaloa (Tovar-Hernández et al. 2012). The species has a strong colonizing capacity, since it is a hermaphrodite and also due to its brief larval stage it can reach high densities starting with few specimens; thus, it is competing with local encrusting fauna for space and food resources ( Tovar-Hernández et al. 2009b). A recent technical report and risk analysis concluded that the species is now established in some ports, marinas and beaches in the Gulf of California and should be treated as an exotic/ invasive species ( Tovar-Hernández & Yáñez-Rivera 2012a; Villalobos-Guerrero et al. 2012).

Figures

FIGURE 1. Study area. The Tropical Eastern Pacific, Southern California and Hawaii, with main geographical names mentioned in text.

FIGURE 2. Distribution of the sabellids Branchiomma bairdi, Megalomma carunculata, Parasabella pallida and Pseudobranchiomma punctata in the Tropical Eastern Pacific, Southern California and Hawaii.

FIGURE 3. Distribution of Ficopomatus uschakovi, Crucigera websteri, Hydroides cf. amri, H. brachyacantha and H. crucigera.

FIGURE 4. Distribution of Hydroides deleoni, H. dirampha, H. elegans and H. gairacensis..

FIGURE 5. Distribution of Hydroides glandifera, H. humilis, H. inermis and H. ochotereana

FIGURE 6. Distribution of Hydroides panamensis, H. sanctaecrucis, H. similis and H. trompi.

FIGURE 7. Distribution of and Pomatostegus kroyeri, Protula balboensis, Pseudovermilia occidentalis and Pyrgopolon ctenactis.

FIGURE 9. Gross scheme of the likely routes followed by introduced sabellids and serpulids: 1) Branchiomma bairdi, Crucigera websteri, Hydroides elegans, H. gairacensis, H. salazarvallejoi, H. sanctaecrucis, Pseudovermilia multispinosa and Pyrgopolon ctenactis; 2) Protula balboensis and Spirobranchus minutus; 3) Parasabella pallida, H. dirampha and H. elegans; 4) Ficopomatus miamiensis; 5) H. crucigera; 6) Pseudobranchiomma punctata; 7) F. miamiensis; 8) B. bairdi, H. elegans (?), H. gairacensis and H. sanctaecrucis; 9) Ficopomatus uschakovi.

FIGURE 10. Sabellids and serpulids in the Mexican Pacific. A. Branchiomma bairdi, anterior part; B – C. Megalomma carunculata, anterior part and caruncle; D. Parasabella pallida, anterior part; E – F. Pseudobranchiomma punctata, body and detail of abdominal section; G. Ficopomatus uschakovi, anterior part; H – I. Crucigera websteri, opercula, lateral and aboral side (colors in life and preserved).

FIGURE 13. Serpulids in the Mexican Pacific. A – B. Protula balboensis, body and specimen in the tube; C. Pseudovermilia occidentalis, operculum; D. Pyrgopolon ctenactis, operculum; E – F. Salmacina tribranchiata, operculum and colony on rock; G. Spirobranchus incrassatus, operculum; H. S. minutus, operculum; I. Vermiliopsis multiannulata, operculum with broken tip.