Dinotrema (Synaldis) acarinareolatum, Dias de Oliveira & Penteado-Dias, 2024

Dias de Oliveira, Franciélle & Penteado-Dias, Angélica Maria, 2024, First record of subgenus Synaldis Foerster (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Alysiinae, Dinotrema Foerster) from Chile, with description of ten new species, ZooKeys 1206, pp. 275-314 : 275-314

Dinotrema (Synaldis) acarinareolatum sp. nov.

Figs 4–12

Type material.

Holotype: Chile • ♀ ( MNNC); Osorno , Parque Nacional Puyehue, Antillanca; 40 ° 46 ' 55 " S, 72 ° 12 ' 39 " W; alt. 987 m; 9–23 Dec. 2019; D. Amorim and V. Silva leg.; Malaise trap . Paratypes: Chile • 1 ♀ ( DCBU 514718 ) and 1 ♂ ( MNNC); same data as for holotype .

Diagnosis.

This species differs from other New World species of Synaldis by the sculpture of the propodeum, with distinct areola and transverse carinae complete, but median longitudinal carina absent (Figs 3 E , 10 , 11 ). Additionally, D. (S.) acarinareolatum sp. nov. can be differentiated by combination of following characteristics: OOL of ♀ 4.0 × as OD (Fig. 7 ); in lateral view, eye shorter than temple (Fig. 5 ); mandible with three relatively large teeth, diagonal carina distinct, mandibular apex wider than base (Fig. 9 ); F 1 2.4–2.5 × as long as wide (Fig. 5 ); mesoscutal pit present, but sometimes very weak; fore wing vein cu-a postfurcal, 1 - CU 1 slightly shorter than cu-a, first subdiscal cell 2.5 × as long as wide (Figs 4 , 6 ), hind wing 6.2 × as long as wide, vein 1 - M 2.3–2.4 × as long as 1 r-m; hind tibia 8.5–8.7 × as long as wide.

Description.

♀. Length. Body: 1.8–1.9 mm. Fore wing: 1.6–1.8 mm. Hind wing: 1.2–1.3 mm.

Head: in dorsal view (Fig. 7 ), 1.50–1.65 × as wide as long, 1.5–1.6 × as wide as mesosoma, wider at temples than eyes. Frons smooth. POL 1.5 × as OD, OOL 4.0 × as OD. In lateral view (Fig. 5 ), eye 1.4–1.5 × as high as wide, 0.6–0.7 × as wide as temple. Face 1.8 × as wide as high (Fig. 8 ), 1.8 × as wide as clypeus, with a weak longitudinal ridge dorsally. Clypeus 2.4 × as wide as high, concave ventrally. Malar space 0.7 × as clypeus height. Paraclypeal fovea short. Mandible 1.2–1.3 × as long as wide (Fig. 9 ), diagonal carina present, strong. Mandibular apex 1.2 × wide as base. Upper tooth rounded. Middle tooth subacuminate, longer than other teeth. Lower tooth largely rounded, as long as upper tooth. Lower tooth slightly wider than upper, both wider than middle tooth. Antenna with 15–16 segments (Fig. 5 ), 0.7–0.8 × as long as body. Scape 1.7 × as long as pedicel. F 1 2.4–2.5 × as long as wide, 1.1–1.2 × as long as F 2. F 2 1.6–1.8 × as long as wide. F 3 1.4–1.7 × as long as wide. AF 1.8 × as long as wide. Maxillary palp 0.8 × as long as head height.

Mesosoma: 1.2–1.3 × as long as high (Fig. 5 ), 2.0–2.1 × as long as wide. Mesoscutum approximately as long as wide, notauli absent on horizontal surface of mesoscutum. Mesoscutal pit present, distinct and oval, or very weak and rounded, occupying 0.1 × of mesoscutal length. Prescutellar depression 1.9–2.1 × as long as wide, with median carina incomplete anteriorly to complete, smooth laterally. Side of pronotum weakly crenulate. Precoxal sulcus crenulate medially, not reaching anterior and / or posterior margins of mesopleuron. Posterior mesopleural furrow smooth. Propodeum mainly rugulose to rugose (Figs 10 , 11 ), with areola 0.9 × as high as wide; median longitudinal carina absent; transverse carinae complete. Propodeum with very weak protuberance in lateral view. Propodeal spiracle small (Fig. 5 ), 0.3 × distance from spiracle to base of propodeum.

Wings: fore wing 2.7 × as long as wide, vein 1 - SR present, (r + 3 - SR) 5.7–5.8 × as long as r-m, SR 1 2.40–2.55 × as long as (r + 3 - SR); cu-a postfurcal, 1 - CU 1 0.9 × as long as cu-a. Marginal cell 4.00–4.25 × as long as wide, submarginal cell 2.0–2.2 × as long as wide, first subdiscal cell 2.5 × as long as wide (Figs 4 , 6 ). Hind wing 6.2 × as long as wide, vein 1 - M 0.6–0.7 × as long as M + CU, 2.3–2.4 × as long as 1 r-m; m-cu absent.

Legs: hind femur 4.0 × as long as wide. Hind tibia 8.5–8.6 × as long as wide, 1.1 × as long as hind tarsus. First segment of hind tarsus 2.0–2.1 × as long as second segment (Fig. 12 ).

Metasoma: 1.7–1.9 × as long, and 1.3 × as wide as mesosoma. T 1 strigose, 1.9 × as long as wide, apex 1.4 × as wide as base. Ovipositor 0.4 × as long as metasoma, 1.5–2.0 × as long as T 1, 1.1–1.3 × as long as hind femur. Ovipositor sheath with some sparse and delicate setae (except on 1 / 3 apical almost glabrous), 0.3–0.4 × as long as metasoma, 1.4 × as long as T 1 (Figs 4 , 12 ).

Color: head, antennae, pronotum, mesoscutum and metasoma from the second tergite dark brown to brown. Mandibles and side of pronotum light brown. Remaining parts of mesosoma, legs, T 1, and ovipositor yellowish. Wings hyaline, veins brown.

Male. Body length 1.6 mm. POL 1.3 × OD, OOL 3.0 × OD. Face 1.7 × as wide as high, 2.1 × as wide as clypeus. Clypeus 2.0 × as wide as high. Mandible 1.4 × as long as wide. Antenna with 18 segments, as long as body. F 1 as long as F 2. F 2 2.0 × as long as wide. F 3 1.9 × as long as wide. Maxillary palp as long as head height. Mesosoma 2.2 × as long as wide. Prescutellar depression 1.8 × as long as wide. Hind femur 4.2 × as long as wide. Hind tibia 8.7 × as long as wide. Metasoma 1.5 × as long as mesosoma.

Etymology.

The epithet is an adjective combining acarina (prefix a - indicating negation, with carina from Latin) and areolatum (derived from areola in Latin). The species name refers to the sculpture of propodeum, which lacks a median longitudinal carina and has a distinct areola (Figs 10 , 11 ).

Distribution.

Chile.

Comments.

Based on its eye being shorter than temple, as well as its relatively thickened flagellomeres and legs, D. (S.) acarinareolatum sp. nov. appears to be related to the described here D. (S.) daltoni sp. nov., D. (S.) perisfelipoi sp. nov. and D. (S.) puyehue sp. nov., especially to the former. The differences between these species are given in the identification key.

Figures

Figure 3. Schematic representation of the various types of propodeal sculpture and areolation in New World species of Synaldis A propodeum with median longitudinal carina and transverse carinae incomplete, short B propodeum with median longitudinal carina complete and transverse carinae incomplete C propodeum mainly smooth, with median longitudinal carina and transverse carinae complete D propodeum mainly rugose, with median longitudinal carina and transverse carinae complete (areola absent) E propodeum with areola and transverse carinae complete (median longitudinal carina absent) F propodeum with areola and transverse carinae complete, median longitudinal carina incomplete, basal (not extending inside the areola) G propodeum with areola and transverse carinae complete, median longitudinal carina incomplete apically, reaching mid-areola H propodeum with areola, median longitudinal carina and transverse carinae complete. Abbreviations: lc – lateral carina, mlc – median longitudinal carina, ps – propodeal spiracle, tc – transverse carina.

Figures 4–12. Dinotrema (Synaldis) acarinareolatum sp. nov. (4, 10 holotype ♀, remainder paratypes ♀, except 7, 11 ♂) 4 habitus, lateral view 5 antenna, head and mesosoma, lateral view 6 fore wing 7 head, dorsal view 8 head, frontal view 9 mandible, lateral view, arrow showing the diagonal carina 10, 11 propodeum, dorsal and laterodorsal view 12 hind leg, metasoma and ovipositor, lateral view.