Enoplolaimus de Man, 1893

De Souza, João V. & Maria, Tatiana F., 2023, Taxonomic review of Thoracostomopsidae (Nematoda, Enoplida): state of the art, list of valid species and dichotomous keys, Zootaxa 5361 (4), pp. 463-496 : 470-472

Genus Enoplolaimus de Man, 1893

The genus Enoplolaimus was created by de Man (1893) with de description of Enoplolaimus vulgaris de Man, 1893 and it is the most diverse genus of Thoracostomopsidae with 37 valid species recorded until the moment. There was a serie of transference ocurring in this genus and one of the first was made by Filipjev (1927) who transfered Enoplolaimus dentatus Ditlevsen, 1918 to Oxyonchus . Forty years after the genus description several species were described, many of them as subgenera Enoplolaimus (Mesacanthion) and Enoplolaimus (Oxyonchus) which were later raised to genus by De Coninck & Schuurmans Stekhoven (1933), and these species were relocated into the new genera. Two decades later, Wieser (1953) revised Enoplolaimus and synonymized several species, such as Enoplolaimus crassus with Epacanthion saveljevi Filipjev, 1927 , but this synomy was not considered valid by Greenslade & Nicholas, (1991) who transfered this species to Enoploides crassus ; Enoplolaimus campbelli Allgén, 1932 with Oxyonchus australis ( de Man, 1904) Filipjev, 1927 ; Enoplolaimus donsitarvae Allgén, 1935 with Mesacanthion audax ( Ditlevsen, 1918) Filipjev, 1927 ; Enoplolaimus hawaiiensis Allgén, 1951 with Mesacanthion hawaiiensis ( Allgén, 1951) Wieser, 1953 ; Enoplolaimus pacificus Allgén, 1947 with Mesacanthion pacificum ( Allgén, 1951) Wieser, 1953 ; Enoplolaimus mortenseni Allgén, 1951 with Mesacanthion infantile ( Ditlevsen, 1930) De Coninck & Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1933 and Enoplolaimus similis Allgén, 1929 and Enoplolaimus propinquus de Man, 1922 with Enoplolaimus vulgaris de Man, 1893 . Wieser (1953) also transferred: Enoplolaimus incurvatus to Epacanthion , which was later transfered to Enoploides by Greenlade & Nicholas (1991); Enoplolaimus oxycephalum Ditlevsen, 1926 to Paramesacanthion ; Enoplolaimus gracilisetosus Allgén, 1930 , Enoplolaimus paradentatus Allgén, 1932 and Enoplolaimus primitivus Allgén, 1929 to Mesacanthion ; Enoplolaimus sabulicola Allgén, 1933 to Enoploides ; and Enoplus filiformis Allgén, 1935 to Enoplolaimus . Besides, Enoplolaimus conicaudatus Allgén, 1929 , Enoplolaimus strandi Allgén, 1940a and Enoplolaimus disasteri Allgén, 1951 were considered as doubtful species by Wieser, 1953. This author also described a new species, Enoplolaimus connexus Wieser, 1953 , and provided a key with nine of the 14 valid species at the time. Several species were added to this genus in the middle of last century, Gerlach & Riemann (1974) provided a species list of 32 valid species and in some cases the species name was readjusted to comply with the rules of Latin grammar. In the 80s, three species were described ( Enoplolaimus medius Pavljuk, 1984 ; Enoplolaimus asymmetricus Keppner, 1987a ; Enoplolaimus pararegius Keppner, 1987b ). Other four species were recently described in Enoplolaimus and Fadeeva & Zograf (2010) made a detailed review of the genus, providing an identification key grouping species in six groups. Our key differs from the one provided by Fadeeva & Zograf (2010) because we included the most recent described species ( Enoplolaimus longigubernaculum Shimada, Kajihara & Mawatari, 2009 and Enoplolaimus variispiculum Pastor & Lo Russo, 2021 ) and Enoplolaimus asymmetricus and Enoplolainus halophilus Ditlvesen, 1928 , as well we omitt two species therein considered as inquirendae / synonym ( E. filiformis and E. derjugini Filipjev, 1929 , respectively).

Diagnosis from Smol et al. (2014): Cuticle smooth or striated and punctated. Buccal cavity with mandibles with claw-like anterior; mandibles arch-shaped, consisting of two pieces that are united by an anterior bar only. Teeth shorter than the mandibles. Outer labial and cephalic setae situated at posterior end of cephalic capsule. Marine and brackish water species.

Number of valid species: 37

1. Enoplolaimus abnormis Kreis, 1928 (Barents Sea)

2. Enoplolaimus acanthospiculum Allgén, 1959 ( Falkland Islands)

3. Enoplolaimus arcospiculum Allgén, 1959 ( South Georgia)

4. Enoplolaimus asymmetricus Keppner, 1987a ( Saint Andrew Bay , Florida)

5. Enoplolaimus attenuatus Brunetti, 1949 (Mediterranean)

6. Enoplolaimus balgensis Skwarra, 1921 (Baltic)

Syn. Enoplolaimus derjugini Filipjev, 1929

7. Enoplolaimus conicollis Gerlach, 1952 (North Sea)

8. Enoplolaimus connexus Wieser, 1953 ( Chile)

9. Enoplolaimus denticulatus Warwick, 1970a (English Channel)

10. Enoplolaimus distortus Gerlach, 1957a (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)

11. Enoplolaimus enatus Hopper, 1962 (Rhode Island, USA)

12. Enoplolaimus falklandiae Allgén, 1959 ( Falkland Islands)

13. Enoplolaimus glabrus Brunetti, 1949 (Mediterranean)

14. Enoplolaimus halophilus Ditlevsen, 1928 ( Greenland)

15. Enoplolaimus karachiensis Maqbool, Nasira & Turpeenniemi, 1999 (Arabian Sea)

16. Enoplolaimus kuri Gerlach, 1959 (Gulf of Aden)

17. Enoplolaimus lenunculus Wieser, 1959 (Washington, USA)

18. Enoplolaimus litoralis Schulz, 1936 ( North Sea )— type species

19. Enoplolaimus longicaudatus ( Southern, 1914) Filipjev, 1921 (Irish Coast of Atlantic)

Syn. Enoplus longicaudatus Southern, 1914

20. Enoplolaimus longigubernaculum Shimada, Kajihara & Mawatari, 2009 (Oshoro Bay, Hokkaido, Japan)

21. Enoplolaimus medius Pavljuk, 1984 (East Sea)

22. Enoplolaimus mus Inglis, 1964 ( South Africa)

23. Enoplolaimus notopropinquus Allgén, 1959 (Fuegian Archipelago)

24. Enoplolaimus paralitoralis Wieser, 1959 (Washington, USA)

25. Enoplolaimus parapropinquus Allgén, 1951 ( Norway)

26. Enoplolaimus pararegius Keppner, 1987b ( Saint Andrew Bay , Florida)

27. Enoplolaimus patrokli Fadeeva & Zograf, 2010 (Patrokl Inlet, Sea of Japan)

28. Enoplolaimus pectinatus Fadeeva & Zograf, 2010 (Vostok Bay, Sea of Japan)

29. Enoplolaimus propinquus de Man, 1922 (North Sea)

30. Enoplolaimus psammae Gerlach, 1952 (North Sea)

31. Enoplolaimus punctatus Hopper, 1961 (Alabama, USA)

32. Enoplolaimus regius Hopper, 1962 (Rhode Island, USA)

33. Enoplolaimus robustus Gerlach, 1954a ( Portugal)

34. Enoplolaimus subterraneus Gerlach, 1953 (Mediterranean)

35. Enoplolaimus variispiculum Pastor & Lo Russo, 2021 (Chubut, Argentina)

36. Enoplolaimus vulgaris de Man, 1893 (English Channel)

37. Enoplolaimus zosterae Schulz, 1932 (Kiel Bay)

SPECIES INQUIRENDAE

1. Enoplolaimus conicaudatus Allgén, 1929 (Skagerrak)

2. Enoplolaimus disaster Allgén, 1951 (Disaster Bay, Australia)

3. Enoplolaimus filiformis ( Allgén, 1935) Wieser, 1953 ( South Georgia) Syn. Enoplus filiformis Allgén, 1935

4. Enoplolaimus macrocharius Allgén, 1929 (Smalsund, Norway) 5. Enoplolaimus niger Allgén, 1959 ( South Georgia)

6. Enoplolaimus opacus Allgén, 1959 ( Falkland Islands) 7. Enoplolaimus similis Allgén, 1929 (Skagerrak)

8. Enoplolaimus strandi Allgén, 1940a ( Norway)

9. Enoplolaimus villosus Gerlach, 1953 (Mediterranean)