Clevelandella panesthiae ( Kidder, 1937 )

Kotyk, Michael, Bourland, William A., Soviš, Matyáš, Méndez-Sánchez, Daniel, Škaloud, Pavel, Varadínová, Zuzana Kotyková & Čepička, Ivan, 2024, Morphology maưers: congruence of morphology and phylogeny in the integrative taxonomy of Clevelandellidae (Ciliophora: Armophorea) with description of six new species, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 202 (1), pp. 1-51 : 30

Clevelandella panesthiae ( Kidder, 1937)

( Figs 32–34 ; Supporting Information, Tables S43–S47; Video S1)

Three populations (ASS, PAA, and STH) were morphologically characterized by both in vivo observations and in protargol preparations and two (PAC and PT) only in vivo. When present, the ciliate was highly abundant.

Description based on ASS, PAA, STH, PAC, and PT populations: Large-sized Clevelandella (on average 133 × 62 µm in vivo, range 109–168 × 43–84 µm; on average 114 × 56 µm in protargol preparations, range 93–157 × 39–89 µm). Broadly spade-shaped, distinct left-sided notch inconspicuous ( Figs 32A , 34D, E) or absent ( Figs 32B–E , 34A, B). Macronucleus relatively large, slender, inverted teardrop-shape, obliquely oriented in right half of body proper, chromatin finely granular, karyophore not clearly identified in vivo or in protargol preparations. Micronucleus ellipsoidal (about 4.5 × 2 µm). Somatic cilia limited to approximately anterior 60% of cell. Right sutural kinetofragments absent. Circumperistomial kineties only sparsely ciliated ( Figs 32A , 34B). Adoral zone extends about 60% of cell length on average, composed of an average of 47 membranelles (range 42–52). Paroral membrane not studied.

Figures

Figure 32. Clevelandella panesthiae in vivo (A–C) and after protargol impregnation (D, E). From ASS (A), PAA (B, D, E), and PT (C). A, ventral view (optical section) of typical form showing the contractile vacuole (white arrow), cytoplasmic granules, possibly amylopectin (black arrow), circumperistomial kineties (black arrow), and hyaline subcortical layer (white arrowheads).B, ventral view (optical section) showing location of the cytostome (asterisk), adoral membranelles, (white arrow), and cytoplasmic granules, possibly amylopectin (black arrow). C, ventral view (optical section) showing posterior extent of ciliation on the right margin and left margin (black arrowheads), and unusually tapered anterior end of cell (white arrow heads).D, E, the same cell in ventral view:D, optical section showing cytostome (white arrowhead) amd adoral membranells (white arrow); E, surface view showing ventral infraciliature showing left-hand spiralling ventral kineties (asterisk), disordered basal bodies on left protuberance (black arrowhead). Ma, macronucleus.Scale bars: 20 µm.

Figure 33. Clevelandella panesthiae in vivo (optical sections of same cell). From ASS.A, surface view showing left-hand spiralling ventral kineties (asterisk), right kinetal suture (black arrowhead), and position of the cytoproct (white arrow). B, slightly deeper focal plane showing conical ciliated excretory antrum within left protuberance (white arrowheads) and defecated material (black arrowhead). C, slightly deeper focal plane than (B) showing faecal material transiting the ciliated excretory antrum (white arrowhead) and numerous rod-shaped perinuclear symbionts (black arrow and inset). D, approximately same focal plane as (C) showing collecting vesicles of contractile vacuole (white arrowhead) which will coalesce and empty into the excretory antrum and the dense, fine cilia lining the antrum (black arrowhead). Ma, macronucleus. Scale bars: 20 µm.

Figure 34. Clevelandella panesthiae in the scanning electron microscope. From ASS. A, ventral view showing right kinetal suture (white arrow) and short left suture (white arrowhead), cilia of adoral membranelles (black arrowhead), and ciliated cytoproct (black arrow).