Coilodes parvulus Westwood, 1846

Basílio, Daniel Silva, Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Zagury, Cherman, Mariana Alejandra & Almeida, Lúcia Massutti de, 2023, A look beyond the colour: taxonomic revision of Coilodes Westwood, 1846 (Coleoptera, Hybosoridae), with the description of six new species, European Journal of Taxonomy 914 (1), pp. 1-53 : 37-40

Coilodes parvulus Westwood, 1846

Figs 10 , 14C

Coilodes parvulus Westwood, 1846: 165 (original description).

Coilodes parvulus – Allsopp 1984: 107 (checklist). — Ocampo & Ballerio 2006: 191 (checklist).

Coelodes parvulus – Gemminger & Harold 1869: 1075 (incorrect subsequent spelling: catalogue). — Arrow 1912: 37 (catalogue).

Coilodes parvula – Blackwelder 1944: 217 (incorrect subsequent spelling: checklist).

Diagnosis

Some yellowish brown specimens are similar to Coilodes edeiltae sp. nov. They are distinguished by the presence of fine punctures, elytra with black margins, and in having the male genitalia without a lobe on the tegmen. Dark brown specimens are similar to C. lunae sp. nov. They are distinguished by the presence of a subtrapezoidal clypeus and by the absence of a transparent region on the distal half of the right paramere.

Type material

The holotype (♀) is probably in the OUMNH collection, where C. castaneus is deposited. However, the collection was consulted and the holotype of C. parvulus was not found.

Additional material examined (22 ♂♂ and 25 ♀♀)

BRAZIL – Ceará • 4 ♂♂; Ubajara, PN Ubajara , Gruta Ubajara ; 3°49′55″ S, 40°54′5″ W; alt. 480 m; 16 Feb. 2013; Vaz-de-Melo and Grossi leg.; pitfall human dung; CEMT • 8 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; DZUP • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; 17 Feb. 2013; light; CEMT • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding • 2 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; 3°49′59″ S, 40°54′10″ W; alt. 520 m; 19 Feb. 2013 • 3 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding . – Bahia • 1 ♀; Ubaíra; 13°07′06″ S, 39°41′24″ W; Nov. 2011; C.M.P. Leite leg.; pitfall, “416mosl. Parc. 32”; CEMT • 2 ♀♀ Ituberá, Panca de Grande , Mata Maduras ; 9 Dec. 2009; P. Lopes, M. Campos and L. Oliveira leg.; CEMT • 3 ♂♂; Igrapiuna, “ Vila 5 ”; 13°48′08″ S, 39°10′03″ W; 12 Apr. 2010; R. Carvalho leg.; CEMT • 1 ♂; Itapetinga; 15°16′27″ S, 39°54′50″ W; Dec. 2011; C.M.P. Leite leg.; pitfall; CEMT • 3 ♂♂; Aracatu, Faz. Lagoa do tamburi, BA262, Km400, NW, estr. Umbuzeiro da Terra ; 10 Oct. 2017 – 8 Jan. 2018; A.S. Ferreira leg.; CEMT • 3 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding • 2 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; CERPE • 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding . – Minas Gerais • 1 ♂; Cordisburgo; Jan. 1998; Vaz-de Mello leg.; CEMT • 3 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding • 4 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; Cordisburgo, Faz Pontinha ; Dec. 1997 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding .

Type locality

Brazil.

Redescription

Male

MEASUREMENTS. Length 4.7–5.8 mm. Width 2.6–3.3 mm. Body ( Fig. 10A–B ) convex, oval and shiny.

COLOUR. Body ranging from yellowish brown to dark brown; elytral inner and elytral outer margins black.

HEAD ( Fig. 10C–D ). Surface slightly strigulate. Frons, in dorsal view, subrectangular; two small tubercles in the middle or one long tubercle formed by the fusion of the small ones; proximal border rounded; posterior margin as wide as the anterior; lateral margin straight and darker; sparse punctures, restricted to the region next to clypeus. Eye barely visible dorsally. Canthus strong; distinct area expanded downwards. Clypeus subtrapezoidal; lateral margins weakly rounded; anterior borders angulated; apex straight; setae thin and sparse, throughout the anterior margin dorsally; sparse punctures. Labrum semicircular; slight medial projection; setae sparse, spreading along the entire dorsal border. Mandibles dorsally excavated, protruding beyond the apex of labrum. Labium with mentum subquadrate; inferior margin arched; lateral margins slightly rounded and superior margin slightly curved; disc strigulate, long setae on the margins. Maxilla subtriangular; long setae throughout surface. Antenna with 10 antennomeres; antennal club with three antennomeres; club with basal antennomere cupuliform.

PRONOTUM ( Fig. 10E ). Convex; slightly excavated medially; subtrapezoidal, posterior margin wider than anterior margin; anterior margin straight, angles subacute; posterior margin rounded and weakly produced medially; lateral margin convex, setae absent; punctures thin and sparse or absent.

SCUTELLAR SHIELD. Subtriangular; setae and punctures absent; apex punctate.

ELYTRA. Double row of longitudinal punctures, sutural stria complete, formed by thicker punctures.

VENTER ( Fig. 10B ). Hypomeral surface strigulate, setose; prosternum ( Fig. 10B, D ) elevated at midlength, transversally grooved; anterior margin straight and flat, mesoventrite and metaventrite smooth.

LEGS. Procoxa conical; surface strigulate. Protrochanter joint with the procoxa rounded, distally angulate. Profemur with posterior margin carinate. Protibia with inner margin convex; carinate; single spur with sharp apex; external margin with three larger teeth and series of smaller denticles along the entire margin. Protarsi with tarsal insertion beneath the protibial second tooth. Mesothoracic and metathoracic legs smooth. Mesotrochanter and metatrochanter subtriangular with bifurcated apex. Mesofemur and metafemur carinate on posterior margin. Mesotibia and metatibia with erect setae; apex weakly expanded; pair of spurs with sharp apex. Tarsi with five tarsomeres; tarsal claws toothed medially.

ABDOMEN. Six ventrites with recumbent setae.

GENITALIA ( Fig. 10F–K ). Lobe of tegmen absent; parameres asymmetrical; right paramere subtrapezoidal, longer than it is wide, apex wider than base; left paramere with wide base and narrow, slightly sharp apex, strongly curved outward.

Female

Length 5.3–6.9 mm. Width 3.0– 3.9 mm.

Geographical distribution

Brazil (Ceará, Bahia, Minas Gerais) ( Fig. 14C ) ( Westwood 1846, label data).

Biological data

Species collected in: human faeces and in light traps (label data).

Remarks

According to original description, Coilodes parvulus was registered in Brazil and has a yellowish brown body, elytra with twin longitudinal lines composed of punctures, and is of smaller size than the other species of Coilodes examined by Westwood (1846) (approximately 5.4 mm length). Although the holotype of C. parvulus was not found, all specimens examined have the same characters cited by Westwood (1846), including the very small size (length ranging from 4.8 to 6.9 mm), very distinctive of this species when compared to the other species of Coilodes .

The measurements given in the original description were converted to the metric system. The measurement technique used by Westwood was probably different from that used in this research study, but comparative analyses of sizes of Coilodes species, especially those that occur in Brazil, give us confidence to assume that our concept of Coilodes parvulus is correct.

Figures

Fig. 10. Coilodes parvulus Westwood, 1846, Three ♂♂ at CEMT, two from Ubajara, Ceará, Brazil (A–B, E) and (C), and one from Igrapiuna, Bahia, Brazil (D, F–G, J–K); graphical representation (H–I). A. Body, dorsal view. B. Body, ventral view. C. Head, dorsal view. D. Head, ventral view. E. Pronotum, dorsal view. F–K. Male genitalia. F. Dorsal view. G. Ventral view. H. Right paramere. I. Left paramere. J. Right side. K. Left side. Scale bars: A–B = 1 mm; C–E = 0.5 mm; F–K = 0.2 mm.

Fig. 14. Distribution map of species of Coilodes Westwood, 1846. A. Coilodes bezerrai Basílio & Vazde-Mello sp. nov.; Coilodes castaneus Westwood, 1846; and Coilodes edeiltae Basílio & Vaz-de-Mello sp. nov. B. Coilodes fumipennis Arrow, 1909; Coilodes humeralis (Mannerheim, 1829); and Coilodes lunae Basílio & Vaz-de-Mello sp. nov. C. Coilodes mayae Basílio & Vaz-de-Mello sp. nov.;Coilodes niger (Mannerheim, 1829) stat. rev.; Coilodes ovalis Robinson, 1948; and Coilodes parvulus Westwood 1846. D. Coilodes punctipennis Arrow, 1909; Coilodes ravii Basílio & Vaz-de-Mello sp. nov.; and Coilodes skelleyi Basílio & Vaz-de-Mello sp. nov.