Lavoisiera subulata Triana (1871: 30)

Martins, Angela B. & Almeda, Frank, 2017, A Monograph of the Brazilian endemic genus Lavoisiera (Melastomataceae: Microlicieae), Phytotaxa 315 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

39. Lavoisiera subulata Triana (1871: 30) . Type :— BRAZIL. In Brasilia, Serra do Cipó, J. E . Warming 51 (holotype: BM!; isotypes: C!, P!) .

Erect, wiry, much-branched, glabrous, fastigiate shrubs 0.4–1 m tall, branching from near the base. Branches and branchlets subquadrangular becoming subrounded, slightly furrowed longitudinally on opposite faces, leafy for much of their length but often defoliating basally with age; internodes 3–7 × 0.5–1 mm, thickenings inconspicuous, nodes with inconspicuous glandular trichomes at the adaxial base of each attached leaf. Leaves sessile, erect and appressed to the cauline internodes, subamplexicaul, erect to curved-ascending; blade 13–20(–30) × 0.5–1 mm, chartaceous to membranaceous, linear-subulate to needle-like, the apex provided with a bristle-like trichome, the margins entire and eciliate, deeply channeled and conduplicate when dry with the adaxial surface typically concealed, glabrous on both surfaces, yellow-green or flushed with red especially on the juvenile foliage, 1-nerved adaxially, the midvein slightly impressed adaxially but prominent abaxially. Flowers 6-merous, sometimes 5- merous, solitary and terminal on principal and secondary branchlets but becoming central with elongation of lateral branches, sessile. Bracts 6–8, foliose, green or sometimes red and then turning black when dry, longer and wider on

166 • Phytotaxa 315 (1) © 2017 Magnolia Press

MARTINS & ALMEDA the shorter distal internodes, 20–21 × 2 mm, otherwise essentially similar to the cauline leaves. Hypanthium (at anthesis) 3–3.5 × 1.5–1.8 mm, narrowly campanulate to subcylindric, glabrous. Calyx tube 1–2 mm long; calyx lobes (at anthesis) 10–13 × 1–2 mm, narrowly triangular-subulate to linear-subulate and abruptly tapered to a needle-like apex, margins entire or with 1–3 pairs of recurved trichomes, yellowish-green or sometimes red turning black, glabrous on both surfaces, caducous in post-anthesis or tardily caducous. Petals 12–14 × 6–7 mm, pink-magenta, elliptic-obovate, apex shortly acuminate with an apical trichome 5–7 mm long, base attenuate, margins minutely and sparsely glandular-ciliolate or entire. Stamens 12 (sometimes 10), dimorphic: large (antesepalous) stamens 6 (or 5), filaments 6 mm long, red, anther thecae 2.5–3 × 0.8–0.9 mm, purple-black to dark red-purple and often with a white apex, oblong, rostrum 0.4 mm long, pedoconnective 6–7 mm long, red, appendage 2.5–3 mm long, quadrate-emarginate (obscurely bilobed), basal portion red, distal portion yellow; small (antepetalous) stamens 6 (or 5), filaments 5 mm long, reddish, anther thecae 1.5 × 0.5 mm, purple-black to dark red-purple, oblong, rostrum ca. 0.3 mm long, pedoconnective 1.5–2 mm long, red, appendage 0.2 mm long, rounded, red. Ovary 6-locular, 3/4 inferior, style 8 mm long, slightly sigmoid, glabrous, red, stigma punctiform. Fruiting hypanthium (including persistent red or vinaceous calyx lobes) 14–20 × 4–5 mm, oblong. Capsule (at maturity) 7–9 mm long, enveloped by the persistent hypanthium, dehiscing from the base to the apex. Seeds 0.68–0.79 × 0.50 mm, obovate to subcochleate, light yellowish-brown, periclinal cell walls of the testa convex and low domed (colliculate), the raphal zone about 35% the length of the seed. Chromosome number unknown.

Illustrations:— Figure 62 ; Cogniaux (1883: t. 38).

Photographic images:— Figures 5I ; 13E, F .

Phenology:—Flowering and fruiting all year.

Distribution and habitat:—Endemic to Minas Gerais where it is local in campo rupestre, sandy soil, stream banks, and margins of gallery forests on the Serra do Cipó at 1100–1400 m elev. Figure 16 .

Conservation status:—All of the nearly 50 collections of this species come from a few populations that are concentrated in a fairly small area of the Serra do Cipó; some of these are protected in the Parque Nacional Serra do Cipó. The EOO is 35 km ² and the AOO is 20 km ². None of the populations known to us is large and all occur in areas subjected to periodic fires. We assign a classification of Critically Endangered (CR): B1ab(iii).

Discussion:—This uncommon species is readily recognized by its erect, linear-subulate glabrous leaves with prominent bristle-like apical trichomes and calyx lobes that greatly exceed the hypanthia in length ( Figure 62D ). Unlike most of its congeners the leaves of L. subulata are erect and more or less appressed to the branchlets ( Figure 62A ). Its androecial colors are also unique in the genus. The large and small set of anther thecae are uniformly dark purple to dark reddish-purple, the filaments and pedoconnectives are a vivid red and the appendages of the larger series of anthers are bright yellow ( Figure 5I ). The appendages of the smaller set of anthers are also yellow or yellow flushed with red but greatly reduced and appear to be the least developed of any species of Lavoisiera ( Figure 62H ). The seeds are also distinctive. They are ± obovate to subcochleate in outline and the testa is distinctly colliculate. In overall gestalt, L. subulata is superficially reminiscent of a species of Microlicia but it has the merosity, ovary locule number, basally deshiscing capsules and hypanthia, partially inferior ovary, and persistent columella of a typical Lavoisiera . It does not appear to be particularly close to and is unlikely to be confused with any of its congeners.

Additional specimens examined:— MINAS GERAIS: Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó , ca. 3 km da cachoeira na estrada da Serra Morena , 19°10'S, 43°30'W, Almeda et al. 7793 ( CAS!, MO!, NY!, UEC!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó , between Kms 111 and 112 along the road from Lagoa Santa to Conceição do Mato Dentro , 19°17'S, 43°34'W, Almeda et al. 8550 ( CAS!, MO!, NY!, UEC!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó , Km 107 along the road from Lagoa Santa to Conceição do Mato Dentro , 19°17'S, 43°35'W, Almeda et al. 8571 ( CAS!, MO!, NY!, UEC!, US!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó. between Kms 107 and 108 along the road from Lagoa Santa to Conceição do Mato Dentro , 19°17'S, 43°35'W, Almeda et al. 8620 ( CAS!, MO!, UEC!); Serra do Cipó , Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Km 126 along road from Serra do Cipó (formerly Cardeal Mota) to Conceição do Mato Dentro , 19°14.148'S, 43°30.589'W, Almeda et al. 8913 ( CAS!, COL!, UEC!); Serra do Cipó , Mpio. Santana do Riacho , 135 km from the entrance to Cachoeira Véu da Noiva on the road to Conceição do Mato Dentro , 19°16’25.5”S, 43°32'34.5”W, Almeda et al. 8917 ( CAS!, UEC!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipó , V. Almeida s.n. ( BHCB!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó , Anderson et al. 36199 ( NY!, US!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó , estrada da Usina, Castro s.n. ( CAS!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho , estrada Lagoa Santa-Conceição do Mato Dentro , Km 110 ( Serra do Cipó ), Castro s.n. ( CAS!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho, Serra do

LAVOISIERA ( MELASTOMATACEAE )

Phytotaxa 315 (1) © 2017 Magnolia Press • 167 Cipó, Coeli & P. Andrade s.n. (BHCB!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipó, B. Costa 145 (R!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipó, Damazio RB 40752 (RB!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipó, Duarte 2193 (B!, F!, MO!, NY-3!, RB!, US!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipó, Figuereido & Kubitzki 83-22 (M!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipó, Giulietti et al. CFSC 12623 (CAS!, SPF!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipó, Hatschbach et al. 28733 (C!, MBM!, S!, US!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipó, Heringer

168 • Phytotaxa 315 (1) © 2017 Magnolia Press

MARTINS & ALMEDA

& Castellanos 6299 (R!, UB!, US!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipó, Km 144, Joly et al. 2534 (UEC!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipó, King & Bishop 8469 (UB!, US!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipó, Lima 423 (RB!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipó, Km 107, Chapéu do Sol, Longhi-Wagner et al. CFCR 5924 (CAS-2!, SPF!, US!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipó, Lund s.n. (C!); Serra do Cipó, Lund 413 (BR!); Mpio. Conceição do Mato Dentro, Serra do Cipó, Macedo 2971 (BM!, MO!, NY!, S!, US!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipó, 3½ miles from Hotel Chapéu do Sol, Maguire et al. 44649 (NY!, RB!, US!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipó, 3½ miles from Hotel Chapéu do Sol, Maguire et al. 44668 (NY!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipó, Kms 120–140 on road from Hotel Chapéu do Sol to Conceição, Maguire et al. 49097 (NY!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipó, Martinelli 285 (RB!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipó, Kms 107–108, Martinelli & Távora 2645 (RB!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipó, Km 127, Mello Barreto 8764 (F!, NY!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipó, Mello Barreto 8767 (F!, NY!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipó, Mello Filho, L. Emygdio et al. 2221 (R!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho, Serra do Córrego das Congonhas, Mendes Magalhães 2270 (BHCB ex BHMH!, US-2!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho, Serra do Charco, Mendes Magalhães 2272 (UB!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho, Conceição do Cerro, Kms 110–130, Occhioni 4931 ( US!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipó, Occhioni 5069 (MO!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipó, Palacios et al. 3509 (R!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipó, Palacios et al. 3626 (R!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipó, Mae d'Agua, Vale do Córrego, Véu da Noiva, acima da cachoeira, Pirani CFSC 11473 (CAS!, NY!, SPF!, US!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipó, near Hotel Chapéu de Palha, Renner 2126 (CAS!, FLAS); Mpio. Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipó, 5 km N of Chapéu do Sol, Segadas-Vianna 6041 (NY-2!, R!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho, Conceição do Mato Dentro, Km 127 ao longo da Rodovia Lagoa Santa, Semir & Sazima 489 (NY!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho, Conceição do Mato Dentro, Km 115 ao longo da Rodovia Lagoa Santa, Semir & Sazima 590 (UB!, UEC!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipó, Strang 77 (F!, R!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipó, Vidal s.n. (R!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipó, Vidal II-6228(953) (R!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipó, Vidal II-6241 (F!, R!); Mpio. Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipó, Chapéu do Sol, Vidal V1-36(1957) (R!).

Figures

FIGURE 5. Images of Lavoisiera species. A−C. L. rundeliana (Almeda et al. 9667). D, F. L. sampaioana (unvouchered images). E. L. sampaioana (Almeda et al. 9198). G−H. L. senae (Almeda et al. 9186). I. L. subulata (Almeda et al. 8571). J. L. tetragona (Almeda et al. 7808). K−L. L. vestita (Aranha et al. 164). Image credits: A−C, E, G−J. Frank Almeda; D, F. Ernesto Lemes; K, L. Gustavo Shimizu.

FIGURE 13. SEM images of seeds for representative Lavoisiera species showing lateral symmetrical plane (left) and detail of testa cells and cell wall microrelief (right). A–B. L. rundeliana (Kameyama et al. 11255). C–D. L. senae (Anderson et al. 36197). E–F. L. subulata (Figuereido & Kubitski 83-22). Scale bars: A & C=250 µm; B=60 µm; D=30 µm; E=200 µm; F=50 µm.

FIGURE 16. Distributions of Lavoisiera adamantium, L. firmula, L. humilis, L. pulcherrima, and L. subulata.

FIGURE 62. Lavoisiera subulata. A. Habit. B. Adaxial leaf surface. C. Flower. D. Hypanthium and calyx lobes. E. Ovary crosssection. F. Petal with enlarged detail of basal margin (lower left). G. Ventral view of antesepalous stamen. H. Ventral view of antepetalous stamen. I. Seed. (Based on: A, Almeda et al. 8620, CAS, UEC; B–I, Almeda et al. 8571, CAS, UEC.)