Kirkegaardia blakei, Freitas & Ribeiro & Ruta, 2022
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.1371/journal.pone.0265336 |
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publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:7297C752-D78C-4A6D-B795-B870A099AFE5 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9DC8FAC8-2445-4FBA-BE7B-8A0235CDE991 |
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taxon LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:act:9DC8FAC8-2445-4FBA-BE7B-8A0235CDE991 |
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treatment provided by |
Felipe |
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scientific name |
Kirkegaardia blakei |
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sp. nov. |
Kirkegaardia blakei View in CoL sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:9DC8FAC8-2445-4FBA-BE7B-8A0235CDE991
Fig 3 View Fig 3
Material examined. BRAZIL: Campos Basin – Holotype –-19.69275556˚S -39.52138889˚W, 48 m, 12/12/10, (MNRJP-002971); Paratypes –-19.91560000˚S -39.94467500˚W, 32 m, 16/12/ 10, one ind., (MNRJP-002972); -21.18725000˚S -40.09813889˚W, 683 m, 04/02/09, one ind., (MNRJP-002973) .
Diagnosis. Abdominal region with simple capillaries, gradually replaced by denticulated capillaries. Pre-pygidial abdominal region slightly expanded with 8–10 setigers, with long setae with curved tips and simple denticulated setae.
Description. Complete holotype with 55 setigers, 3 mm long, 0.1 mm wide in thoracic region, and 0.09 mm wide in abdominal region. Prostomium triangular and narrow ( Fig 3A View Fig 3 ); Eyes absent. Peristomium large, with 3–4 narrow rings ( Fig 3A View Fig 3 ). Dorsal tentacles on posterior margin of peristomium ( Fig 3A View Fig 3 ). Thoracic region expanded with 7–8 setigers, thoracic dorsal groove barely visible ( Fig 3A View Fig 3 ). First pair of branchiae inserted dorsolaterally on setiger 1 ( Fig 3A View Fig 3 ), present up to abdominal region. Abdominal setigers narrow. Parapodia between middle abdominal and pre-pygidial segments with slightly elevated lobes ( Fig 3B View Fig 3 ). Thoracic region with setae simple capillaries; abdominal region with 4–5 denticulated noto and neurosetae ( Fig 3B View Fig 3 ) that gradually replace most smooth capillaries; pre-pygidial abdominal region with long setae with curved tips ( Fig 3C View Fig 3 ) and denticulated capillaries ( Fig 3D View Fig 3 ). Pre-pygidial region slightly expanded with 8–10 setigers ( Fig 3E View Fig 3 ). Pygidium slightly expanded, with conical ventral lobe ( Fig 3E View Fig 3 ).
Remarks. Kirkegaardia blakei sp. nov. has the peristomial rings with 3–4 very well-marked and concentrated rings at the end of the peristomium. According to Blake [ 22], these rings are usually smooth, and often difficult to see in optical microscopy, sometimes requiring SEM for verification. Kirkegaardia blakei sp. nov. has noto and neurosetae denticulated capillaries in the abdominal region, and unusual long setae modified with a gently curved tip, without denticles or fibrils in the pre-pygidial one. The abdominal region of K. blakei sp. nov. is similar to K. hampsoni , however K. hampsoni has only denticulated setae. For all these characteristics, the species was considered new for science.
Etymology. This species is named in honor of Dr. James Blake for his important works that contributed to the knowledge of polychaetes, including the family Cirratulidae .
Kirkegaardia brisae sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F91EA4FC-D190-405B-82B7-675FF65BBDCD
Fig 4 View Fig 4
Material examined. BRAZIL: Campos Basin– Holotype –-19.87490556˚S -39.81891667˚W, 41 m, 16/07/11, (MNRJP-002974); Paratypes –-19.87490556˚S -39.81891667˚W, 41 m, tree ind., 16/07/11, (MNRJP-002975); -19.69275556˚S -39.52159444˚W, 48 m, 20 ind., 12/12/10, (MNRJP-002976); -19.87652222˚S -39.81822222˚W, 35 m, six ind., 16/12/10, (MNRJP-002977); -19.83260556˚S -39.87056111˚W, 37 m, one ind., 15/12/10, (MNRJP-002978); -19.69027500˚S -39.52233889˚W, 44 m, 17 ind., 13/07/11, (MNRJP-002979); -19.58430556˚S -39.64418333˚W, 41 m, one ind., 14/07/11, (MNRJP-002980); -19.95898889˚S -39.89250278˚W, 46 m, one ind., 17/07/ 11, (MNRJP-002981); -19.62828611˚S -39.59208889˚W, 35 m, one ind., 15/07/11, (MNRJP-002982); -19.92933056˚S -39.76148611˚W, 43 m, one ind., 16/07/11, (MNRJP-002983); -19.83788611˚S -39.66978611˚W, 48 m, one ind., 15/07/11, (MNRJP-002984); -19.76963611˚S -39.58217778˚W, 44 m, one ind., 14/07/11, (MNRJP-002985); -19.78693056˚S -39.92095000˚W, 14 m, seven ind., 16/07/11, (MNRJP-002986); -19.91400833˚S -39.94639167˚W, 32 m, one ind., 16/07/11, (MNRJP-002987); -19.76538611˚S -39.50715000˚W, 121 m, one ind., 15/01/12, (MNRJP-002988); -19.76025000˚S -39.59519167˚W, 352 m, one ind., 28/06/13, (MNRJP-002989).
Diagnosis. Thoracic parapodia elevated above dorsal surface producing a groove between notopodia. Two or three rings on anterior region of peristomium. Pre-pygidial region slightly expanded with pygidium formed by an enlarged ventral lobe.
Description. Complete holotype with 90 setigers, 2.8 mm long, thoracic region 0.08 mm wide, abdominal region 0.12 mm wide. Prostomium large conical ( Fig 4A View Fig 4 ); eyes absent. Peristomium large with two or three rings visible with optical microscope ( Fig 4A View Fig 4 ). Dorsal tentacles on posterior margin of peristomium ( Fig 4A View Fig 4 ). First pair of branchiae postero-lateral to the tentacles, second pair of branchiae inserted on setiger one dorsal to notosetae ( Fig 4A View Fig 4 ); branchiae absent on abdominal segments. Thoracic region slightly expanded, with 8–10 setigers; dorsal thoracic groove visible in light microscope ( Fig 4A View Fig 4 ). Abdominal segments wider than long ( Fig 4B View Fig 4 ). Parapodia with poorly developed lobes, difficult to see under optical microscope. Thoracic parapodia with 3–7 simple capillaries per segment. Posterior abdominal parapodia with 3–5 noto- and denticulated neurosetae per fascicle ( Fig 4C and 4D View Fig 4 ). Denticulated neurosetae appear first between the abdominal setigers 10 and 24. Pre-pygidial region slightly expanded ( Fig 4E View Fig 4 ). Pygidium formed by an enlarged ventral lobe ( Fig 4E View Fig 4 ).
Remarks. Kirkegaardia brisae sp. nov. is similar to K. cryptica (Blake, 1996) [ 2]. These species have a conical and wide prostomium, tentacles in the posterior portion of the peristomium, the first pair of branchiae postero-lateral to the tentacles and noto- and neurosetae denticulate. K. brisae sp. nov. differs from K. cryptica in that it has three rings with the first two short and narrow and the third longer than the two short ones instead of being smooth and without annulations as in K. cryptica . Kirkegaardia brisae sp. nov. is similar to K. annulosa (Hartman, 1965) [ 37] due to the location of peristomial rings right after the prostomium, but K. annulosa has a peristomial and thoracic crest, while K. brisae sp. nov. has no crest. K. brisae sp. nov. is also similar to K. baptisteae (Blake, 1991) [ 27] in that they both have an expanded pre-pygidial region, but the latter differs in having a pygidium formed by a narrow terminal lobe. In contrast, K. brisae sp. nov. has a terminal lobe expanded distally. For these characteristics, the species was considered as new to science.
Etymology. This species is named in honor of Mrs. Suzanne Marie Thérèse Bris in recognition of her encouragement to young scientists in the study of polychaetes.
Kirkegaardia goytaca sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0C21AF49-C7AD-4686-8AD6-CE74CEB54ABA
Fig 5 View Fig 5
Material examined. BRAZIL: Campos Basin – Holotype –-19.95913611˚S -39.89185833˚W, 43 m, 16/12/10, (MNRJP-002990); Paratypes –-19.59332222˚S -39.68905833˚W, 21 m, one ind., 16/07/13, (MNRJP-002991) .
Diagnosis. Peristomium and thoracic region with dorsal crest joining with and continuing with the peristomial crest. Noto- and neurosetae denticulated.
Description. Holotype with 76 setigers, body 4.6 mm long, 0.12 mm wide in thoracic region, and 0.13 mm wide in abdominal region. All specimens incomplete. Prostomium short conical ( Fig 5A View Fig 5 ); Eyes absent. Peristomium elongate, with a single short posterior ring; with a prominent dorsal crest along most of length, merging with thoracic crest ( Fig 5A View Fig 5 ). Dorsal tentacles on short peristomial ring ( Fig 5A View Fig 5 ). First pair of postero-lateral branchiae to the tentacles; second pair of branchiae in setiger 1 dorsal to notosetae ( Fig 5A View Fig 5 ), continuing segmentally to middle of abdominal region. Thoracic region narrowing after about 14–16 setigers, with a thoracic crest ending. After end of thoracic crest, thoracic region with a narrow groove, visible in light microscope ( Fig 5A View Fig 5 ). Abdominal segments wider than long. Parapodia with poorly developed lobes. Thoracic parapodia with 5–6 capillary noto- and neurosetae per segment. Posterior abdominal parapodia with 4–5 denticulated notosetae ( Fig 5B View Fig 5 ) and six or seven denticulated neurosetae per segment ( Fig 5C View Fig 5 ). Denticulated neurosetae appear from abdominal setigers 30 to 38. Abdominal neurosetae smaller than notosetae in first abdominal segments, noto- and neurosetae of same size in middle segments of abdominal region. Pre-pygidial segments and pygidium absent.
Remarks. Kirkegaardia goytaca sp. nov. is similar to K. carinata Blake, 2016 [ 22] in that both have a narrow body, abdominal segments wider than long, thoracic crest, tentacles in the posterior portion of the peristomium, and first pair of postero-lateral branchiae to the tentacles between the peristomium and the first setiger. However, K. carinata presents the first pair of branchiae inserted in the groove that separates the peristomium from the first setiger, while K. goytaca sp. nov. has the first pair of branchiae inserted in the peristomial ring. In addition, K. goytaca sp. nov. has a peristomial crest, while K. carinata only thoracic crest. The presence of a peristomial crest throughout the peristomium brings K. goytaca sp. nov., K. jongo sp. nov. and K. papaveroi sp. nov. to a group of four species, Kirkegaardia dorsobranchialis-heterochaeta . Kirkegaardia goytaca sp. nov. differs from K. cristata in having only a single ring at the end of the peristomium, while K. cristata has three well-marked peristomial rings. Kirkegaardia goytaca sp. nov. differs from K. annulosa in having the thoracic region very narrow, while K. annulosa has a thoracic region expanded. Kirkegaardia goytaca sp. nov. also differs from K. kladara in having the first pair of branchiae inserted in the final portion of the peristomium, while in K. kladara the first pair of branchiae occurs from the first thoracic setiger. For all these characteristics, the species was considered as new to science.
Etymology. This name is in honor of the extinct local ethnic group uetaká, also known as Goytacá. These native people lived along lowlands from the northern Macaé River to Espírito Santo State, a coastal region that comprises a large part of the sampling sites where this and the other Kirkegaardia species of the present study were collected.
Kirkegaardia helenae sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A8469F0C-EC3F-4C39-BCE7-9F7252F9B84E .
Fig 6 View Fig 6
Material examined. BRAZIL: Campos Basin– Holotype –-19.60138889˚S -39.17581389˚W, 145 m, 21/04/12, (MNRJP-002992); Paratypes –-19.60138889˚S -39.17581389˚W, 145 m, one ind., 21/04/12, (MNRJP-002993); -20.57621389˚S -40.34743611˚W, 21 m, one ind., 12/07/13, (MNRJP-002994); -19.60850000˚S -39.17205278˚W, 349 m, two ind., 26/06/12, (MNRJP-002995); -19.78693056˚S -39.92095000˚W, 14 m, one ind., 16/07/11, (MNRJP-002996).
Diagnosis. Peristomium large, with 3–4 rings, first pair of branchiae postero-lateral to the tentacles in setiger 1. Noto and neurosetae denticulate in abdominal region. Pre-pygidial abdominal region prominently expanded.
Description. Complete holotype with 80 setigers, body 2.2 mm long, 0.11 mm wide in across thoracic region, and 0.13 mm wide in abdominal region. Prostomium conical, narrow ( Fig 6A View Fig 6 ); eyes absent. Peristomium large, with 3–4 rings visible under the light microscope ( Fig 6A View Fig 6 ). Dorsal tentacles on mid-posterior margin of peristomium ( Fig 6A View Fig 6 ); first pair of branchiae arises postero-lateral to the tentacles on setiger 1 medial to notosetae; subsequent branchiae in same location on following segments ( Fig 6A View Fig 6 ); branchiae present up to the pre-pygidial abdominal region. Thoracic region expanded with 12–18 setigers, dorsal groove absent. Parapodia with poorly developed lobes, difficult to see with optical microscopy. Thoracic parapodia with 5–7 neuro- and notosetae capillary with fringe of stiff, sparsely occurring fibrils along shaft ( Fig 6D View Fig 6 ). Abdominal segments short, wider than long ( Fig 6E View Fig 6 ). Posterior abdominal parapodia with 4–8 denticulated notosetae and 7–10 denticulated neurosetae per segment ( Fig 6B and 6C View Fig 6 ). Denticulated neurosetae appear between the abdominal setigers 27 and 31. Pre-pygidial segments greatly expanded, rounded dorsally, and flattened ventrally, with lateral parapodia ( Fig 6F View Fig 6 ). Pygidium formed by a ventral conical lobe ( Fig 6F View Fig 6 ).
Remarks. Kirkegaardia helenae sp. nov. belongs to the Kirkegaardia baptisteae -tesselata group, due to their similar morphology, species in this group have elevated thoracic parapodia, and a mid-dorsal channel is not produced, although a dorsal crest sometimes develops. Kirkegaardia helenae sp. nov. is similar to K. zafirae sp. nov. and K. baptisteae in that it presents denticulated noto and neurosetae, although it differs from both species in that its first pair of branchiae appear in the first setigerous and not in the posterior region of the peristomium. Kirkegaardia helenae sp. nov. also differs from K. zafirae sp. nov. in that it does not have a ventral sulcus in the pre-pygidial region. The shape of the pre-pygidial region of K. helenae sp. nov. is similar to that of K. lueldredgei , but it has abdominal segments that are wider than long, unlike K. lueldredgei , which has abdominal segments that are longer than wide. These species also differ in the number of neurosetae in the posterior abdominal region, two or three setae in K. lueldredgei , and 7–10 in K. helenae sp. nov. The disposition of the tentacles and first pair of branchiae of K. helenae sp. nov. is similar to K. setosa (Dean & Blake, 2009) [ 38] but this species has only denticulate neurosetae and K. helenae sp. nov. has noto and neurosetae denticulate in its abdominal region. For these characteristics, the species was considered as new to science.
Etymology. This species is named in honor of Dr. Helena Passeri Lavrado, for her important contribution to Brazilian marine biology.
Kirkegaardia jongo sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5516ACDD-13DE-482E-88B8-8A1BF6C949E2 .
Fig 7 View Fig 7
Material examined. BRAZIL: Campos Basin – Holotype –-20.06893889˚S -38.52425556˚W, 1288 m, 21/12/11, (MNRJP-002997); Paratypes –-20.60056389˚S -39.85982500˚W, 991 m, one ind., 08/01/2012, (MNRJP-002998); -19.82691667˚S -39.59519167˚W, 352 m, one ind., 28/06/ 13, (MNRJP-002999) .
Diagnosis. Presence of a peristomial crest along the peristomium. Peristomium with two or three annulations. Thoracic region without visible crest. Noto and neurosetae denticulated. Presence of a small segment, demarcating the separation of the pre-pygidial region from the other abdominal segments.
Description. Complete holotype with 58 setigers, 2.4 mm long, 0.2 mm wide in thoracic region, and 0.07 mm wide in abdominal region. Prostomium narrow, triangular ( Fig 7A View Fig 7 ). Eyes absent. Peristomium with 2–3 rings and dorsal crest ( Fig 7A View Fig 7 ). Dorsal tentacles on posterior margin of peristomium ( Fig 7A View Fig 7 ). First pair of branchiae postero-lateral to the tentacles on the posterior most border of peristomium; second pair of branchiae in setiger 1 dorsal to notosetae ( Fig 7A View Fig 7 ); branchiae continuing to anterior abdominal segments. Thoracic region with nine setigers, slightly expanded; dorsal groove barely visible with optical microscope. Abdominal segments wider than long. Parapodia with poorly developed lobes, difficult to see with optical microscopy. Thoracic parapodia with 4–5 capillary noto- and neurosetae per segment. Posterior abdominal parapodia with 4–6 denticulate noto- and neurosetae ( Fig 7C and 7D View Fig 7 ) per segment. Denticulate neurosetae from abdominal setiger 17. Pre-pygidial segments well-defined, marked by the presence of a small narrow segment, separating pre-pygidial region from other abdominal segments ( Fig 7B View Fig 7 ). Pygidium small, rounded ventral lobe ( Fig 7B View Fig 7 ).
Remarks. The presence of a peristomial crest brings K. jongo sp. nov. as well as K. papaveroi sp. nov. and K. goytaca sp. nov. to the group of four species considered to be from deep sea: K. annulosa , K. cristata , K. kladara and K. hampsoni . Among these species, K. hampsoni and K. jongo sp. nov. do not have a visible crest in the thoracic region. K. annulosa differs from K. jongo sp. nov. by having hooks in addition to modified setae, and pre-pygidial segments ventrally flattened culminating in a conical pygidial lobe. Kirkegaardia jongo sp. nov. has no hooks, and the pre-pygidial segments are fully expanded, culminating in a small rounded pygidial lobe. Kirkegaardia kladara differs from K. jongo sp. nov. by the presence of a thoracic crest and with the first pair of branchiae on setiger 1, whereas in K. jongo sp. nov. the first pair of branchiae are on the posterior margin of the peristomium. Kirkegaardia cristata , differs from K. jongo sp. nov. in having an extremely long prostomium and moniliform segments in the abdominal region while K. jongo sp. nov. has a triangular prostomium, and abdominal segments wider than long. K. cristata also has a thoracic ridge, and K. jongo sp. nov. does not have a thoracic crest. Kirkegaardia hampsoni differs from K. jongo sp. nov. in having a peristomium without rings, while K. jongo sp. nov. has two or three annulations in the peristomium, and by the number of abdominal setae per fascicle, 8–12 in K. hampsoni , and 4–6 in K. jongo sp. nov. For all these differences, the species was considered as new to science.
Etymology. This species is named after the quilombolan dance known as “jongo ”, as a tribute to the African legacy left in the southeastern Rio de Janeiro State, region that comprises a large part of the sampling points where Kirkegaardia jongo has been collected.
Kirkegaardia medusa sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4A38559A-3F95-419F-B99A-64E893478AB5 .
Fig 8 View Fig 8
Material examined. BRAZIL: Campos Basin – Holotype –-20.69275833˚S -39.58946111˚W, 41 m, 17/07/13, (MNRJP-003000); Paratypes –-19.60138889˚S -39.17555556˚W, 148 m, four ind., 24/01/12, (MNRJP-003001); -19.60728889˚S -39.17148611˚W, 352 m, one ind., 14/12/11, (MNRJP-003002) .
Diagnosis. Peristomium with one ring. First pair of branchiae on setiger one. Notosetae with fibrils in abdominal region. Only neurosetae denticulated, present from abdominal setigers 15 or 16.
Description. All specimens incomplete, holotype with 43 setigers, 9.0 mm long, 0.12 mm wide in the thoracic region, and 0.10 mm wide in abdominal region. Prostomium long, conical ( Fig 8A View Fig 8 ). Eyes absent. Peristomium with one ring, without dorsal crest ( Fig 8A View Fig 8 ). Dorsal tentacles on posterior margin of peristomium ( Fig 8A View Fig 8 ). First pair of branchiae postero-lateral to the tentacles in setiger 1, second pair of branchiae in setiger 2; branchiae present only in thoracic region. Thoracic region narrow, with 7–10 setigers, without dorsal groove ( Fig 8A View Fig 8 ). Abdominal segments longer than wide ( Fig 8B and 8C View Fig 8 ); first abdominal segments shorter than median abdominal segments ( Fig 8B View Fig 8 ). Parapodia with poorly developed lobes. Thoracic parapodia with four or five capillary noto- and neurosetae per segment. Posterior abdominal parapodia with four or five capillary notosetae simple with numerous thin fibrils ( Fig 8D View Fig 8 ), and 4–8 denticulate neurosetae per fascicle ( Fig 8E View Fig 8 ). Denticulate neurosetae from abdominal setigers 15 or 16. Pre-pygidial segments and pygidium not observed.
Remarks. Kirkegaardia medusa sp. nov. is similar to K. baptisteae (Blake, 1991) [ 27], K. dutchae Blake, 2016 [ 22], K. neotesselata Blake, 2016 [ 22] and K. serratiseta (Banse & Hobson, 1968) [ 25] in only having denticulate neurosetae. Kirkegaardia baptisteae has a nuchal organ lateral to the prostomium and first pair of branchiae anterior to the tentacles. In contrast, the first pair of branchiae from K. medusa sp. nov. is postero-lateral to the tentacles. They also differ in that, K. baptisteae has abdominal segments that are wider than long, while K. medusa sp. nov. has abdominal segments that are longer than wide, up to the median abdominal region. Kirkegaardia dutchae differs from K. medusa sp. nov. by the presence of a peristomial crest and the lateral position of the 1st pair of branchiae to the tentacles. Kirkegaardia neotesselata differs has an elevated peristomial crest that merges with the thoracic crest, while K. medusa sp. nov. has no crest. K. serratisseta has a thoracic region with about 40 segments, while K. medusa sp. nov. only has 7 to 10 abdominal segments. For all these characteristics, the species was considered as new to science.
Etymology. This species name refers to the Greek myth of Medusa. Medusa is often seen as evil but was convicted of a crime committed by the God Poseidon, who is more powerful and less vulnerable. This species name represents the fight against misogyny, which is suitable for a study performed by female researchers.
Kirkegaardia nupem sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:61CADA34-741B-4321-B8E0-1A170BE2937C .
Fig 9 View Fig 9
Material examined. BRAZIL: Campos Basin– Holotype –-19.60158333˚S -39.17581389˚W, 1010 m, 21/04/12, (MNRJP-003003); Paratypes –-19.60158333˚S -39.17581389˚W, 148 m, one ind., 24/01/12, (MNRJP-003004); -19.95888889˚S -39.89185833˚W, 43 m, one ind., 16/12/10, (MNRJP-003005); -21.39441667˚S -40.26077778˚W, 88 m, one ind., 21/07/09, (MNRJP-003006); -21.38483333˚S -40.25302778˚W, 140 m, one ind., 21/07/09, (MNRJP-003007).
Diagnosis. Peristomium smooth, without rings, with peristomial crest. First pair of branchiae postero-lateral to the tentacles first setiger; branchiae present up to pre-pygidial segments. Noto and neurosetae denticulated. Pre-pygidial segments not expanded.
Description. Complete holotype with 80 setigers, 8.0 mm long, 0.10 mm wide in the thoracic region, and 0.12 mm wide in abdominal region. Prostomium short conical ( Fig 9A View Fig 9 ); eyes absent. Peristomium smooth, without rings, with peristomial crest along entire length ( Fig 9A View Fig 9 ). Dorsal tentacles medial, closely spaced on posterior border of peristomium ( Fig 9A View Fig 9 ). First pair of branchiae postero-lateral to the tentacles and dorsal to notosetae on setiger 1; second pair of branchiae in same location on following setigers ( Fig 9A View Fig 9 ); branchiae present up to pre-pygidial segments. Thoracic region narrow with 9–14 setigers, without dorsal groove ( Fig 9A View Fig 9 ). Abdominal segments wider than long ( Fig 9B View Fig 9 ) but longer than wide in some specimens. Parapodia with poorly developed lobes, difficult to see with optical microscopy. Thoracic parapodia with 4–6 noto- and neurosetae capillary per segment. Posterior abdominal parapodia with 5–7 denticulated capillary notosetae with long filamentous tips ( Fig 9C and 9D View Fig 9 ) and 14–16 heavy spinous denticulated neurosetae per segment ( Fig 9C–9E View Fig 9 ). Denticulated neurosetae first appearing between abdominal setigers 27 and 31. Abdominal neurosetae larger than those in pre-pygidial segments. Pre-pygidial segments not expanded ( Fig 9B View Fig 9 ). Pygidium with a ventral lobe ( Fig 9B View Fig 9 ).
Remarks. Kirkegaardia nupem sp. nov. is similar to K. carrikeri (Dean & Blake, 2009) [ 38] by the conical shape of the prostomium, presence of the peristomial crest, positioning of the dorsal tentacles in the posterior portion of the peristomium, by the first pair of branchiae from setiger 1, and by the presence of a shallow ventral groove in the pre-pygidial region. Kirkegaardia nupem sp. nov. differs from K. carrikeri in that it does not have annulations in the peristomium. The number of noto- and neurosetae in the abdominal region differs between species; K. carrikeri has from 2 to 4 neurosetae in the posterior abdominal region, whereas K. nupem sp. nov. has from 14 to 16 neurosetae in the posterior abdominal segments. Kirkegaardia carrikeri has only denticulated neurosetae throughout the abdominal region, while K. nupem sp. nov. has denticulated noto- and neurosetae in the abdominal region. Pre-pygidial segments of K. nupem sp. nov. resembles K. cryptica (Blake, 1996) [ 2] due to the presence of ventral groove, but K. cryptica has the first pair of branchiae present postero-lateral to the tentacles on the peristomium, while K. nupem sp. nov. has the first pair of branchiae on setiger 1. For all these characteristics, the species was considered as new to science.
Etymology. The epithet is a reference to the Institute of Biodiversity and Sustainability ( NUPEM / UFRJ) acronym, where the beginning of this taxonomic work was developed. Institution recognized for its quality in undergraduate and graduate education, and in the production of scientific knowledge.
Kirkegaardia papaveroi sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A21CC609-BAFF-4B0E-AC2F-9A2B5C2F2101 .
Fig 10 View Fig 10
Material examined. BRAZIL: Campos Basin– Holotype –-19.78693056˚S -39.92095000˚W, 14 m, 16/07/2011, one ind., (MNRJP-003008);– Paratypes –-19.79245278˚S -39.72085556˚W, 34 m, 15/08/2010, one ind., (MNRJP-003009); -19.87652222˚S -39.81823056˚W, 42 m, 16/12/ 2010, one ind., (MNRJP-003010); -19.70894722˚S -39.64926667˚W, 35 m, 14/12/2010, one ind., (MNRJP-003011); -19.92907222˚S -39.76075000˚W, 46 m, 16/12/2010, one ind., (MNRJP-003012); -19.74557222˚S -39.77555833˚W, 29 m, 15/07/2011, two ind., (MNRJP-003013); -19.87490556˚S -39.81891667˚W, 41 m, 16/07/2011, one ind., (MNRJP-003014); -19.69027500˚S -39.52233889˚W, 44 m, 13/07/2011, 15 ind., (MNRJP-003015); -19.60143611˚S -39.17581389˚W, 145 m, 21/04/2012, one ind., (MNRJP-003016).
Diagnosis. Peristomium elongated, with two lateral grooves producing rings. Peristomial dorsal crest present. Neurosetae with denticles; with serrated edge of fibrils along shaft from about 20 abdominal setigers. Pre-pygidial region expanded.
Description. Holotype with 63 setigers, 2.4 mm long, thoracic region 0.09 mm wide, 0.1 mm high, abdominal region 0.06 mm wide. Prostomium short, triangular, bluntly rounded on anterior margin ( Fig 10A View Fig 10 ). Eyes absent. Peristomium elongated, with one lateral groove producing two rings, peristomial dorsal crest present ( Fig 10A View Fig 10 ). Dorsal tentacles on posterior margin of peristomium. First pair of branchiae posterolateral to dorsal tentacles at boundary with setiger 1 ( Fig 10A View Fig 10 ), branchiae rarely present in abdominal segments. Thoracic setigers about as wide as long for first nine or ten setigers, with parapodia shifted dorsally and elevated above mid-dorsal surface, forming distinct mid-dorsal groove on thoracic segments ( Fig 11A View Fig 11 ), thoracic crest present ( Figs 10A View Fig 10 and 11A View Fig 11 ). Abdominal segments becoming longer and narrower and with parapodia located laterally ( Fig 11B View Fig 11 ). Thoracic parapodia with smooth capillaries numbering about 4–6 in notopodia and neuropodia. Anterior abdominal segments with smooth capillaries in noto- and neuropodia gradually replaced by denticulate capillaries, fascicles reduced to 3–5 setae in abdominal setigers. Noto- and neurosetae heavily serrated or denticulated ( Fig 10B and 10C View Fig 10 ). Neurosetae with denticles and serrated edge of fibrils along shaft from about 20 abdominal setigers ( Fig 10C View Fig 10 ). Pre-pygidial region expanded with dorsal groove ( Fig 10D View Fig 10 ). Pygidium formed by a simple ventral lobe ( Fig 10D View Fig 10 ).
Remarks. The presence of a peristomial crest brings Kirkegaardia papaveroi sp. nov. as well as Kirkegaardia jongo sp. nov., and Kirkegaardia goytaca sp. nov. into the group of species termed Kirkegaardia dorsobranchialis-heterochaeta by Blake [ 27] which includes the species: K. annulosa , K. cristata K. kladara and K. hampsoni . K. annulosa differs from K. papaveroi sp. nov. by having unusual spike like serrated neurosetae in addition to denticulated capillaries. Among these species, K. hampsoni and K. jongo sp. nov. differs from K. papaveroi sp. nov. by lacking the thoracic dorsal crest. Kirkegaardia papaveroi sp. nov. it differs from K. cristata in that it does not have a prominent ventral sulcus in the first abdominal setigers, in that it has 0–2 distinct rings in the peristomium instead of three. Kirkegaardia papaveroi sp. nov. differs from K. kladara by the branchiae arising lateral to the dorsal tentacles on the peristomium instead of setiger 1. K. goytaca sp. nov. differs from K. papaveroi sp. nov. by having the thoracic region extremely narrow. For all these differences, K. papaveroi was considered as new to science.
Etymology. This species is named in honor of Dr. Nelson Papavero for his important contribution to zoology in Brazil.
Kirkegaardia zafirae sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1D92DB03-61C4-4E0B-BA5A-8245AA04BD87 .
Fig 12 View Fig 12
Material examined. BRAZIL: Campos Basin – Holotype –-19.87264444˚S -39.99265000˚W, 26 m, 17/12/2010, one ind., (MNRJP-003017);– Paratypes –-19.79245278˚S -39.72085556˚W, 34 m, 14/12/2010, one ind., (MNRJP-003018); -19.95913611˚S -39.89185833˚W, 43 m, 16/12/ 2010 one ind., (MNRJP-003019) .
Diagnosis. Dorsal tentacles on posterior margin of peristomium. First pair of branchiae on the posterior margin of peristomium, posterior-lateral to tentacles, second pair located in first setiger. Thoracic region slightly expanded with 10–13 setigers and dorsal groove. Abdominal parapodia modified with 6–8 serrated notopodial setae and 8–10 serrated neurosetae capillary setae per segment. Pre-pygidial segments expanded with ventral groove.
Description. Holotype with 120 setigers; 3.3 mm long, thoracic region 0.11 mm wide and 0.26 mm high, and abdominal region 0.13 mm wide. Prostomium conical and broad ( Fig 12A View Fig 12 ). Eyes absent. Peristomium elongated, with lateral 2–3 annular grooves, not crossing dorsal surface ( Fig 12A View Fig 12 ). Dorsal tentacles on posterior region of the peristomium. First pair of branchiae in final portion of peristomium, posterior-lateral to tentacles, second pair located in first setiger; branchiae visible up to posterior abdominal region ( Fig 12A View Fig 12 ). Thoracic region slightly expanded with 10–13 setigers and dorsal groove ( Fig 12A View Fig 12 ). Abdominal region with narrow segments, wider than long ( Fig 12B View Fig 12 ). Parapodia reduced, barely visible in optical microscopy. Thoracic parapodia with 3–5 smooth capillaries per fascicle. Abdominal parapodia modified with 6–8 serrated notopodial setae and 8–10 serrated neurosetae capillary setae per segment. Abdominal notosetae slightly longer than abdominal neurosetae. Denticulated neurosetae from setigers 20–35 ( Fig 12C View Fig 12 ). Notosetae and neurosetae modified with well-developed denticles along edge ( Fig 12C and 12D View Fig 12 ). Pre-pygidial segments expanded with ventral groove ( Fig 12E View Fig 12 ). Pygidium with a conical ventral lobe ( Fig 12E View Fig 12 ).
Remarks. Kirkegaardia zafirae sp. nov. is similar to K. siblina (Blake, 1996) [ 2], in that they both have an expanded pre-pygidial region, but K. siblina has only neurosetae denticulated while K. zafirae sp. nov. has noto- and neurosetae denticulated. In addition, K. siblina has a prominent achaetous segment between the peristomium and the setiger 1, and K. zafirae sp. nov. has no achaetous segment. Kirkegaardia zafirae sp. nov. belongs to the Kirkegaardia baptisteae -tesselata group due to their similar morphology, species in this group have elevated thoracic parapodia, and a mid-dorsal channel is not produced, although a dorsal crest sometimes develops. In the pre-setigerous area, dorsal ridges and rings are present or absent. From the group K. baptisteae was the only species that has denticulated notosetae, K. zafirae sp. nov. differs from K. baptisteae in that its pre-pygidial region is not flattened ventrally. For all these differences, K. zafirae sp. nov. was considered as new to science.
Etymology. This species is named in honor of Dr. Zafira da Silva de Almeida for her valuable contribution to marine biodiversity research and the conservation of aquatic resources in Brazil.
Key to species of Kirkegaardia found in Brazilian waters.
1. Peristomium with up to four annulations... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ...... 2
- Peristomium smooth without annulations..... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ... .... 9
2. Presence of peristomial crest along the peristomium.. ... ... ... ... ... .... .... ... ... ... ....3
- Peristomial crest absent along the peristomium.. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .... .. 6
3. Modified setae starting from anterior setigers up to 17 setiger.. ... .... .. ...... ... ... .... .. 4
- Modified setae starting in posterior setigers from 46 setiger.. ... ... ... .... . .... ... ... .... .. 5
4. Thoracic region with dorsal and slight ventral groove; notopodial modified setae from setigers 10–12; Pre-pygidial region expanded with ventral groove. ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..... ... ... ... ... ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .... Kirkegaardia papaveroi sp. nov.
- Thoracic dorsal groove present; Notopodial modified setae from setigers 17; Pre-pygidial
region expanded, ventral groove absent; Presence of a smaller segment demarcating the begin-
ning of the pre-pygidial region...... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .. Kirkegaardia jongo sp. nov.
5. Prostomium triangular; Thoracic crest narrow; Neuro and notosetae denticulate present
from the setiger 50....... .... .... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... ... ... .. Kirkegaardia hampsoni
- Prostomium short and conical; Thoracic crest wide, expanded proximally; Neurosetae
denticulated appears from the abdominal setigers 46 to 54.. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ....
.. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .... ... Kirkegaardia goytaca sp. nov.
6. First pair of branchiae postero-lateral to the tentacles in the final portion of the peristo-
mium.. .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ... .... 7
- First pair of branchiae on the first setiger; thoracic groove present; pre-pygidial region
slightly expanded with long setae with an inflated tip and setae denticulated... .... .... .... ....
.... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ... ... .. ... ... .... ... ... ... .... Kirkegaardia blakei sp. nov.
7. Thoracic region groove presence... .. .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ... .... 8
- Thoracic region groove absence; Thoracic parapodia with 5–7 noto and neurosetae capil-
lary with fibrils per fascicle; Posterior abdominal parapodia with noto- and neurosetae dentic-
ulated; Region pre-pygidial extremely expanded... .. ... .. ... ... .. Kirkegaardia helenae sp. nov.
8. Notosetae and neurosetae modified with well-developed denticles along edge; Pre-pygid-
ial segments expanded with ventral groove... .... .... ...... ... .... Kirkegaardia zafirae sp. nov.
- Notopodial setae capillary, multidentate or with fibrils; Neurosetae modified from setigers
18–32; Posterior abdominal parapodium with 3–5 noto and neurosetae denticulated per fasci-
cle; Pre-pygidial region slightly expanded; Pygidium formed by an enlarged ventral lobe
.. ... .... ... .... .... .... ... .. ... ... ... ... ... .. .. ... .... .... .... .... ..... Kirkegaardia brisae sp. nov.
9. Peristomial crest throughout the peristomium, Notopodial setae simple capillary and
multidentate only.. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .... . ... Kirkegaardia nupem sp. nov.
- Peristomial crest absent; notopodial setae with fibrils only.. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ....
.. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .... . Kirkegaardia medusa sp. nov.
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