Discobola margarita Alexander, 1924

Podenas, Sigitas, Byun, Hye-Woo & Kim, Sam-Kyu, 2015, Limoniinae crane flies (Diptera: Limoniidae) new to Korea, Journal of Species Research 4 (2), pp. 61-96 : 68-69

Discobola margarita Alexander, 1924

Discobola margarita Alexander, 1924: 539 ; Savchenko and Krivolutskaya, 1976: 128; Savchenko, 1983: 122.

General body color obscure yellow to light brown. Body semi­polished, covered with very sparse grayish pruinosity. Body length of male 5.4­7.4 mm, female 5.8­ 8.9 mm. Wing length of male 6.3­8.4 mm, female 6.6­8.3 mm.

Head black, covered with grayish pruinosity, which is more intense frontally. Vertex narrow in both sexes, covered with sparse erect brown setae. Eyes large, nearly reaching each other on ventral side in both sexes. Length of male antennae 1.10­1.55 mm, length of female antennae 1.30­1.85 mm. Antenna black, color of pedicel varies from light brown to black in different specimens. Flagellum 12­segmented. Flagellomeres brown with distinct yellowish apical pedicels. Basal flagellomeres oval, distal flagellomeres elongate, nearly cylindrical, apical flagellomere slightly exceeds in length preceding segment. Verticils nearly twice as long as respective segments. Short pubescence, covering segments sparse, semi­erect, whitish, denser on ventral side. Rostrum and palpus black. Palpomeres short, second segment largest, distal segment slightly exceeds in length preceding segment. Labella black.

Thorax generally yellow to light brown. Pronotum distinctly elongate, yellow dorsally with brown lateral margin. Prescutum yellow with dark brown lateral margin. Scutal lobe yellow. Scutellum obscure yellow. Metatergite obscure yellow with darkened posterior margin. Pleura yellow with a conspicuous dark brown longitudinal line. That line from dark prescutal margin separated by pale yellow area. Katepisternum yellow, slightly infuscated ventrally. Anapimeron below dark line yellow, ventral part infuscated. Wing ( Fig. 2B ) yellowish, especially costal area, pattern distinct composed of lots of irregular spots, having light centers and dark margins. These spots together form larger concentric spots at wing base, at base of Rs, both ends of discal cell, basal deflection of CuA 1, tip of A 1 and around additional cross vein in central part of cell a 1. Tips of all longitudinal veins darken­ ed, narrow dark area surrounds base of Rs and all cross­veins, including cord. Small dot­like spots, that are characteristic for other species, are missing. Wing pattern slightly varies between specimens. Stigma dark brown, but not distinct from remaining ocellate spots. Veins brownish, subcosta yellow. Wing venation: vein Sc long, Sc 1 ending beyond branching point of radial sector; Sc 2 close to Sc 1 tip and slightly beyond branching point of Rs; Rs long, distinctly arched at base; R 1 curved before wing margin, R 2 distinctly before R 1 tip, thus R 2 + 3 is approximately as long as R 3; cell r 3 long and narrow, slightly widened distally and because of that distal end of cell r 4 + 5 slightly arched; cross­vein r­m distinct; discal cell elongate, about 2.8 times as long as wide; basal deflection of CuA 1 distinctly beyond base of discal cell; first anal vein nearly straight with slightly arched distal end, second anal vein angulated at apex; additional cross­vein approximately in the middle of cell a 1, not far from tip of A 2; anal lobe long, medium wide. Stem of halter black with yellow base, knob dark brown to blackish, basal part yellow. Male halter 0.95­1.30 mm, that of female 0.90­1.25 mm long. Coxa yellow, fore and median coxa slightly infuscated. Trochanter obscure yellow, distal margin narrowly blackened. Femur obscure yellow with narrow brown subapical ring, which is missing in some specimens, very tip yellow. Tibia yellow. Tarsus yellow at base, turning dark brown distally. Legs covered with short, semi­adherent, brownish setae. Male femur I: 5.5­6.7 mm, II: 5.9­6.6 mm, III: 5.9­7.2 mm, tibiae I: 6.3­7.4 mm, II: 6.1­7.1 mm, III: 6.4­7.9 mm, tarsus I: 6.7­7.3 mm, II: 5.2­6.4 mm, III: 4.8­5.5 mm long. Female femur I: 5.4­6.0 mm long, II: 4.6­6.4 mm, III: 5.8­ 6.7 mm; tibiae I: 6.0­ 7.2 mm, II: 5.6­6.6 mm, III: 5.9­ 7.0 mm; tarsus I: 4.1­7.4 mm, II: 4.8­6.2 mm, III: 4.5­5.3 mm long. Claw with single spine, that is situated slightly before midlength and long whitish subbasal setae in male, but only with setae in female.

Male abdomen yellowish brown, tergites with yellowish fronto­lateral spots, posterior margins of tergites narrowly dark brown. Sternites generally yellow, just posterior margins darkened. Female abdomen generally light­ er than in male. Both tergites and sternites yellowish with darkened distal margin. Often basal part of female abdomen in alive and freshly collected specimens clearly green. That color fades towards distal part of abdomen. Distal segments darkened in both sexes. Male genitalia ( Fig. 2E ) yellowish, except brownish yellow ninth tergite. Posterior margin of ninth tergite nearly rounded, median emargination indistinct. Gonocoxite elongate, approximately 1.5 times as long as wide, with large setose ventro­mesal lobe, which is rounded at apex. Gonostyles subterminal. Outer gonostylus narrow, rod­shaped, strongly sclerotised, darkened towards apex and distally arched. Inner gonostylus rounded with elongate rostral prolongation, that bears few small setae at apex. Rostral spines, which look more like transparent slightly curved rod­shaped elongations, situated far from rostral prolongation, on the middle of posterior margin of stylus. Postero­lateral margins of paramere extended, narrow, tip obtuse. Penis simple, elongate with widened basal part. Ovipositor ( Fig. 2F ) light brown, polished. Cercus comparatively short, apex turned upwards, point­tipped. Hypovalvae large, wide at base, getting narrower towards apex, ending slightly before tip of cercus. Basal part of valvae distinctly darkened, blackish. Vaginal apodeme extended into long structure, that nearly reaches tip of hypovalvae in resting position.

Elevation range in Korea. This species was found at altitudes from 0 m to slightly above 800 m.

Period of activity. The species is active through July and August, possibly also in late June in South Korea.

Habitat. Wet deciduous grooves, usually on slopes to small and medium sized rivers. The species is attracted to light at night.

General distribution. The species distributed at East Palearctic and Oriental Regions. It is known from the Far East of Russia, Japan, India, Taiwan and Thailand. The species was listed in North Korea ( Kim, 2013), but no specimens from North Korea were available to the authors.

Examined materials ( Fig. 10C ): 1$ (in ethanol), S. Korea, Gangwon­do, Pyeongchang­gun, Jinbu­myeon, Jangjeon­ri, Mt. Gariwangsan, N37.48778, E128.54528, 2009.06.17 ­07.04, coll. W. Y. Choi, Malaise trap (NIBR); 1♂, 1$(in ethanol), 1♂ (pinned), S. Korea, Gyeonggi­do, Gapyeong­gun, Buk­myeon, Hwaak­ri , N37.99363, E127.52102, altitude 810 m, 2014.08.20, S. Kim, S. Podenas ; 1♂, 2$$ (in ethanol), S. Korea, Gyeonggi­do, Gapyeong­gun, Buk­myeon, Hwaak­ri , N37.98402, E127.52676, altitude 579 m, 2014.08.20, S. Kim, S. Podenas ; 1♂ (pinned), S. Korea, Gyeonggi­do, Gapyeong­gun, Buk­myeon, Jeokmok­ri , N38.02982, E127.44310, altitude 560 m, 2014.08.20, S. Podenas ; 1♂, 1$(in ethanol), S. Korea, Gangwon­do, Hwacheon­gun, Sanaemyeon , Gwangdeok­ri , N38.09749, E127.44653, altitude 582 m, 2014.08.20, S. Podenas ; 8♂♂, 3$$ (in ethanol), S. Korea, Gangwon­do, Hongcheon­gun, Nae­myeon , Yuljeon­ri , N37.73849, E128.34566, altitude 798 m, 2014.08.21, S. Kim, S. Podenas ; 5♂♂, 7$$ (in ethanol), S. Korea, Gangwon­do, Pyeongchang­gun, Yongpyeong­myeon , Nodong­ri , N37.70303, E128.48302, altitude 802 m, 2014.08.21, S. Kim, S. Podenas ; 4♂♂, 4$$ (pinned), S. Korea, Gangwon­do, Pyeongchang­gun, Daegwallyeong­myeon , Byeongnae­ri , Odaesan National Park , N37.74414, E128.61679, altitude 749 m, 2014.08.21, S. Kim, S. Podenas ; 2♂♂, 1$(in ethanol), S. Korea, Gangwon­do, Chuncheon­si, Dongsan­myeon , Bongmyeong­ri , KNU experimental forest, N37.77906, E128.81564, altitude 233 m, 2014.08.22, S. Kim, S. Podenas ; 2♂♂, 1$ (in ethanol), S. Korea, Gangwon­do, Pyeongchang­gun, Jinbu­myeon , Jangjeon­ri , ( Moss valley ), N37.47153, E128.54305, altitude 769 m, 2014.08. 22, S. Kim, S. Podenas ; 3♂♂, 9$$(in ethanol), 2♂♂, 1$ (pinned), S. Korea, Jeollanam­do, Gurye­gun, Toji­myeon , Jirisan National Park, Piagol valley, N35.26590, E127.58096, altitude 446 m, 2014.08.24, S. Podenas, with net and at light ; 1♂, 1$(pinned), S. Korea, Jeollanam­do, Gurye­gun, Toji­myeon, Jirisan National Park, Piagol valley, N35.26590, E127.58096, altitude 446 m, 2014.08.25, S. Podenas; 1$(in ethanol), S. Korea, Jeollabuk­do, Buan­gun , Byeosan­myeon , Seokpo­ri , Byeonsanbando National Park , Jikso falls, N35.62675, E126. 57020, altitude 141 m, 2014.08.27, S. Podenas ; 1♂ (in ethanol), 2$$ (pinned), S. Korea, Jeollabuk­do, Buan­gun, Boan­myeon, Udong­ri , Byeonsanbando National Park, Seonggye falls, N35.62864 ­35.62896, E126.63441 ­ 126.63461, altitudes 52­105 m, 2014.08.27, S. Podenas ; 2♂♂, 1$ (in ethanol), 2♂♂, 2$$ (pinned), S. Korea, Gyeongsangnam­do, Changwon­si, Jindong­myeon, Yusan­ri , environs of Masan , N35.12904, E128.57147, altitude 58 m, 2014.08.29, S. Podenas; 1$ (in ethanol) , 1♂, 1$ (pinned), S. Korea, Gyeongsangnam­do, Geoje­si, Nambu­myeon, Dapo­ri , N34.71542, E128.62286, altitude 63 m, 2014.08.30, S. Podenas ; 1♂ (in ethanol), S. Korea, Gyeongsangnam­do, Geoje­si, Nambu­myeon, Toppo­ri , N34.75844, E128.61429, altitude 191 m, 2014. 08.30, S. Podenas; 2$$ (pinned), S. Korea, Gyeongsangnam­do, Geoje­si , Dongbu­myeon , Osong­ri , N34. 77900, E128.57968, altitude 50 m, 2014.08.30, S. Podenas ; 1♂ (in ethanol), S. Korea, Gyeongsangnam­do, Changwon­si, Masanhappo­gu, Jindong­myeon , Dagu­ri , N35.11149, E128.53142, altitude 11 m, 2014.08.31, S. Podenas ; 5♂♂, 3$$ (in ethanol), S. Korea, Gyeongsangnam­do, Changwon­si, Masanhappo­gu, Jindong­myeon , Dagu­ri , N35.11309, E128.53067, 2014.08.31, S. Podenas .

Figures

Fig. 2. Discobola. A. wing of D. annulata. B. wing of D. margarita. C. male genitalia of D. annulata, dorsal view. D. ovipositor of D. annulata, lateral view. E. male genitalia of D. margarita, dorsal view. F. ovipositor of D. margarita, lateral view.

Fig. 10. Distribution maps.A. Achyrolimonia basispina. B. Discobola annulata. C. Discobola margarita. D. Elephantomyia (Elephantomyia) edwardsi. E. Geranomyia gifuensis. F. Geranomyia multipuncta. G. Geranomyia neavocetta. H. Helius (Helius) nipponensis. I. Libnotes(Afrolimonia) ladogensis. J. Libnotes (Libnotes) amatrix. K. Libnotes (Libnotes) basistrigata. L. Libnotes (Libnotes) longistigma. M. Libnotes (Libnotes) nohirai. N. Libnotes (Libnotes) puella. O. Trentepohlia(Mongoma) pennipes. P. Trentepohlia (Trentepohlia) septemtrionalis.