Glyptapanteles ianyarrowi Arias-Penna, sp. nov.

Arias-Penna, Diana Carolina, Whitfield, James B., Janzen, Daniel H., Winifred Hallwachs,, Dyer, Lee A., Smith, M. Alex, Hebert, Paul D. N. & Fernandez-Triana, Jose L., 2019, A species-level taxonomic review and host associations of Glyptapanteles (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae) with an emphasis on 136 new reared species from Costa Rica and Ecuador, ZooKeys 890, pp. 1-685 : 1

Glyptapanteles ianyarrowi Arias-Penna, sp. nov. Figs 107 , 108

Female.

Body length 2.22 mm, antenna length 2.63, fore wing length 2.53 mm.

Type material.

Holotype: COSTA RICA • 1♀; 08-SRNP-71961, DHJPAR0031131; Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Guanacaste, Sector Pitilla, Canita; rain forest; 480 m; 11.00006, -85.40195; 06.viii.2008; Oscar Siezar leg.; caterpillar collected in fourth instar; cocoons formed on 11.viii.2008 and adhered to the leaf substrate; adult parasitoids emerged on 15.viii.2008 and 17.viii.2008; Mesochorus ( Ichneumonidae : Mesochorinae) was reported as hyperparasitoid; ( CNC). Paratypes. • 25 (2♀, 3♂) (13♀, 7♂); 08-SRNP-71961, DHJPAR0031131; same data as for holotype; ( CNC).

Other material.

Reared material. COSTA RICA: Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Alajuela, Sector Rincón Rain Forest, Palmital : • 19 (6♀, 5♂) (7♀, 1♂); 00-SRNP-14192, DHJPAR0000002; 420 m; 10.88264, -85.25164; 17.viii.2000; Freyci Vargas leg. ; caterpillar collected in third instar; two rows of parallel side by side brown cordwood cocoons, with the caterpillar in the middle; adult parasitoids emerged on 15.viii.2008 and 01.ix.2000.

Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Alajuela, Sector Rincón Rain Forest, Sendero Juntas : • 1 (1♀, 0 ♂) (0 ♀, 0 ♂); 05-SRNP-41184, DHJPAR0002636; 400 m, 10.9066, -85.28784; 27.iv.2005; José Pérez leg. ; caterpillar collected in fourth instar; semi-cordwood cocoons on each side of the larval cadaver, and lightly adhered to it and each other, cadaver fell off without its setae; adult parasitoids emerged on 11.v.2005.

Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Alajuela, Sector Rincón Rain Forest, Sendero Llano : 52 (3♀, 3♂) (30♀, 16♂), 06-SRNP-40409, DHJPAR0012018; 400 m, 10.90276, -85.28996; 29.i.2006; Minor Carmona leg. ; caterpillar collected in fifth instar; two stacks of light brown cordwood on each side of the larva, cocoons adhered to the leaf substrate and formed on 31.i.2006; adult parasitoids emerged on 09.ii.2006.

Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Alajuela, Sector Rincón Rain Forest, Finca Aurita : • 54 (3♀, 3♂) (28♀, 20♂); 06-SRNP-42040, DHJPAR0012023; 460 m; 10.88409, -85.25728; 08.vi.2006; Minor Carmona leg. ; caterpillar collected in third instar; brown cocoons in cordwood stack on each side of the cadaver, cocoons adhered to the leaf substrate and formed on 23.vi.2006; adult parasitoids emerged on 28.vi.2006.

Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Alajuela, Sector Rincón Rain Forest, Quebrada Escondida : • 48 (3♀, 3♂) (34♀, 8♂); 06-SRNP-42448, DHJPAR0012111; 420 m; 10.89928, -85.27486; 10.vii.2006; Minor Carmona leg. ; caterpillar collected in second instar; two rows of cordwood on each side of caterpillar and adhered to the leaf substrate; adult parasitoids emerged on 06.viii.2006.

Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Alajuela, Sector Rincón Rain Forest, Montanya Figueres : • 16 (3♀, 3♂) (10♀, 0 ♂); 08-SRNP-40959, DHJPAR0030764; 460 m; 10.88367, -85.29081; 29.iv.2008; José Pérez leg. ; caterpillar collected in fourth instar; cocoons adhered to the leaf substrate and formed on 10.v.2008; adult parasitoids emerged on 17.v.2008.

Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Alajuela, Sector Rincón Rain Forest, Sendero Venado : • 48 (3♀, 3♂) (27♀, 15♂); 11-SRNP-43583, DHJPAR0045226; 420 m; 10.89678, -85.27001; 01.viii.2011; José Pérez leg. ; caterpillar collected in fourth instar; cocoons adhered to the leaf substrate and formed on 01.viii.2011; adult parasitoids emerged on 03.viii.2011.

Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Alajuela, Sector Rincón Rain Forest, Jacobo : • 37 (3♀, 3♂) (28♀, 3♂); 11-SRNP-80709, DHJPAR0045251; 461 m; 10.94076, -85.3177; 10.vi.2011; Edwin Apu leg. ; caterpillar collected in fourth instar; cocoons adhered to the leaf substrate and formed on 16.vi.2011; adult parasitoids emerged on 23.vi.2011.

Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Alajuela, Sector San Cristóbal, Potrero Argentina: • 34 (3♀, 3♂) (22♀, 6♂); 06-SRNP-4048, DHJPAR0012011; pastures; 520 m; 10.89021, -85.38803; 22.v.2006; Gloria Sihezar leg. ; caterpillar collected in third instar; two rows of beige cordwood cocoons on each side of larval cadaver, cocoons adhered to the leaf substrate; adult parasitoids emerged on 11.vi.2006.

Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Guanacaste, Sector Pitilla, Sendero Lagun: • 20 (3♀, 3♂) (9♀, 5♂); 10-SRNP-31764, DHJPAR0040444; rain forest; 680 m; 10.9888, -85.42336; 06.viii.2010; Manuel Ríos leg. ; caterpillar collected in fifth instar; cocoons adhered to the leaf substrate and formed on 12.viii.2010; adult parasitoids emerged on 19.viii.2010.

Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Guanacaste, Sector Pitilla, Estacion Quica : • 50 (3♀, 3♂) (36♀, 8♂); 09-SRNP-71313, DHJPAR0039963; rain forest; 470 m; 10.99697, -85.39666; 10.vii.2009; Ricardo Calero leg. ; caterpillar collected in third instar; two parallel rows of cordwood of cocoons adhered to the leaf substrate and formed on 19.vii.2009; adult parasitoids emerged on 19.viii.2008. • 79 (3♀, 3♂) (32♀, 41♂); 09-SRNP-71411, DHJPAR0039965; same data as for preceding except: 20.vii.2009 ; batch of cordwood cocoons on each side of the cadaver adhered to the larval cuticle and formed on 02.viii.2009; adult parasitoids emerged on 09.viii.2009.

Diagnosis.

Phragma of the scutellum widely visible ( Figs 107B, C , 108B, C ), longitudinal median carina on face present, inner margin of eyes diverging slightly at antennal sockets, scutellar punctation indistinct throughout ( Figs 107B, C , 108B, C ), petiole on T1 distally with lateral margins curved (convex, Figs 107D , 108G, D, F ), propodeum without median longitudinal carina, propodeal spiracle without distal carina ( Figs 107B, C , 108B, C ), nucha surrounded by very short radiating carinae ( Figs 107B, C , 108B, C ), antenna longer than body, fore wing with 2RS vein straight, outer side of junction of r and 2RS veins not forming a stub ( Fig. 107I, G ), and lateral grooves delimiting the median area on T2 distally losing definition ( Figs 107D , 108G, D, F ).

Coloration

( Fig. 107A ). General body coloration polished black except scape and pedicel yellow-brown; first proximal antennal flagellomeres lighter dorsally (light brown) than ventrally (dark brown), remaining flagellomeres brown on both sides; labrum and mandibles dark yellow-brown; maxillary and labial palps, and tegulae yellow. Eyes gray and ocelli reddish (in preserved specimen). Fore and middle legs yellow except fore coxae yellow-brown (proximal half darker than distal half), middle coxae black and claws brown; hind legs yellow except coxae black with brown apex, distal 1/3 of femora, distal half of tibiae and tarsomeres brown, although basitarsus proximally with a yellow-brown band. Petiole on T1 black and sublateral areas yellow-brown; T2 with median and adjacent areas black, adjacent area wide and forming together with median area a rectangle-shape, and lateral ends yellow-brown; T3 black with proximal corners yellow-brown; T4 and beyond completely black-brown; distally each tergum with a narrow yellowish transparent band. In lateral view, T1-2 completely yellow; T3 yellow, but dorsally brown; T4 and beyond completely brown-black. S1-3 yellow; S4-5 brown; hypopygium brown, but medially yellow-brown.

Description.

Head ( Fig. 107A, B, E ). Head rounded with pubescence short and dense. Proximal three antennal flagellomeres longer than wide (0.20:0.08, 0.19:0.08, 0.18:0.08), distal antennal flagellomere longer than penultimate (0.12:0.07, 0.09:0.07), antenna longer than body (2.63, 2.22); antennal scrobes-frons shallow. Face convex with dense fine punctations, interspaces with microsculpture and longitudinal median carina present. Frons smooth. Temple wide, punctate and interspaces wavy. Inner margin of eyes diverging slightly at antennal sockets; in lateral view, eye anteriorly convex and posteriorly straight. POL shorter than OOL (0.09, 0.13). Malar suture present. Median area between lateral ocelli slightly depressed. Vertex laterally rounded and dorsally wide.

Mesosoma ( Fig. 107 A–C, E ). Mesosoma dorsoventrally convex. Distal 1/3 of mesoscutum with lateral margin slightly dented, proximally with distinctive punctation distally with a polished area, interspaces wavy/lacunose. Scutellum triangular, apex sloped and fused with BS, scutellar punctation indistinct throughout, in profile scutellum flat and on same plane as mesoscutum, phragma of the scutellum widely visible; BS not overlapping the MPM; ATS demilune with short stubs delineating the area; dorsal ATS groove with carinae only proximally. Transscutal articulation with small and homogeneous foveae, area just behind transscutal articulation with a smooth and shiny sloped transverse strip. Metanotum with BM wider than PFM (clearly differentiated); MPM circular without median longitudinal carina; AFM without setiferous lobes and not as well delineated as PFM; PFM thick and smooth; ATM proximally with semircular/undulate carina and distally smooth. Propodeum relatively polished without median longitudinal carina, proximal half curved; distal edge of propodeum with a flange at each side and without stubs; propodeal spiracle without distal carina; nucha surrounded by very short radiating carinae. Pronotum with a distinct dorsal furrow, dorsally with a well-defined smooth band; central area of pronotum smooth, but both dorsal and ventral furrows with short parallel carinae. Propleuron with a mix of rugae and fine punctation, dorsally without a carina. Metasternum flat or nearly so. Contour of mesopleuron straight/angulate or nearly so; precoxal groove deep with faintly transverse lineate sculpture; epicnemial ridge convex, teardrop-shaped.

Legs. Ventral margin of fore telotarsus slightly excavated and with a tiny curved seta, fore telotarsus almost same width throughout and longer than fourth tarsomere (0.11, 0.07). Hind coxa with punctation only on ventral surface and dorsal outer depression present. Inner spur of hind tibia longer than outer spur (0.22, 0.16), entire surface of hind tibia with dense strong spines clearly differentiated by color and length. Hind telotarsus as equal in length with fourth tarsomere (0.11, 0.11).

Wings ( Fig. 107I, J ). Fore wing with r vein slightly curved; 2RS vein straight; r and 2RS veins forming a weak, even curve at their junction and outer side of junction not forming a stub; 2M vein slightly curved/swollen; distally fore wing [where spectral veins are] with microtrichiae more densely concentrated than the rest of the wing; anal cell 1/3 proximally lacking microtrichiae; subbasal cell with a small smooth area; vein 2CUa absent and vein 2CUb spectral; vein 2 cu-a absent; vein 2-1A present only proximally as tubular vein; tubular vein 1 cu-a curved and complete, but junction with 1-1A vein spectral. Hind wing with vannal lobe narrow, subdistally and subproximally straightened, and setae present only proximally.

Metasoma ( Fig. 107A, D, F–H ). Metasoma laterally compressed. Petiole on T1 completely smooth and polished, with faint, satin-like sheen, virtually parallel-sided over most of length, but barely narrowing at apex (length 0.28, maximum width 0.17, minimum width 0.08), with scattered pubescence concentrated in the first distal third and apex truncate. Lateral grooves delimiting the median area on T2 distally losing definition (length median area 0.12, length T2 0.15), edges of median area polished and lateral grooves deep, median area broader than long (length 0.12, maximum width 0.17, minimum width 0.08); T2 with scattered pubescence only distally. T3 longer than T2 (0.20, 0.15) and with scattered pubescence throughout. Pubescence on hypopygium scattered.

Cocoons. Beige or brown oval cocoons with ordered silk fibers, but covered by a net. Two rows of cordwood on each side of caterpillar and adhered to the leaf substrate.

Male

( Fig. 108 A–H ). Similar in coloration and shape to female.

Etymology.

Ian Harly Hanes Yarrow (1912-1989) was a hymenopteran taxonomist at the British Museum of Natural History (today, the Natural History Museum, NHMUK, London, UK) who helped with early wasp identifications from ACG.

Distribution.

The parasitized caterpillars were collected in Costa Rica, ACG, Sector Pitilla (Canita, Estación Quica, and Sendero Lagun), Sector Rincón Rain Forest (Finca Aurita, Jacobo, Montanya Figueres, Palmital, Quebrada Escondida, Sendero Juntas, Sendero Llano, and Sendero Venado), and Sector San Cristóbal (Potrero Argentina), during August 2000, April 2005, January and May-July 2006, April and August 2008, July 2009, August 2010, and June and August 2011 at 400 m, 420 m, 460-480 m, 520 m, and 680 m in pasture and rain forest.

Biology.

The lifestyle of this parasitoid species is gregarious. Mesochorus ( Ichneumonidae : Mesochorinae) was reported as hyperparasitoid.

Host.

Napata flaviceps Hampson ( Erebidae , Arctiinae) feeding on Cespedesia spathulata ( Ochnaceae ); Episcepsis hypoleuca (Hampson) ( Erebidae , Arctiinae) feeding on Ochroma pyramidale ( Malvaceae ); Hyaleucerea morosa Schaus ( Erebidae , Arctiinae) feeding on Pourouma bicolor ( Urticaceae ); Eucereon aurantiaca Draudt ( Erebidae , Arctiinae) feeding on Ficus citrifolia and F. colubrinae ( Moraceae ). Caterpillars were collected in second, third, fourth, and fifth instar.

Figures

Figure 107. Glyptapanteles ianyarrowi sp. nov. female 06 - SRNP- 42448 DHJPAR 0012111, 08 - SRNP- 71961 DHJPAR 0031131 A Habitus B, E Head, mesosoma B Dorsal view E Lateral view C Metanotum, propodeum, dorsal view D T 1 - 2, dorsal view F, G Metasoma F Lateral view G Dorsal view H Genitalia: hypopygium, ovipositor, ovipositor sheaths, lateral view I, J Wings I Fore J Hind.

Figure 108. Glyptapanteles ianyarrowi sp. nov. male 06 - SRNP- 42448 DHJPAR 0012111, 08 - SRNP- 71961 DHJPAR 0031131 A Habitus B, E Mesosoma B Dorsal view E Laterodorsal view C Metanotum, propodeum, dorsal view D T 1 - 2, dorsal view F Metasoma, dorsolateral view G, H Wings G Fore H Hind.