Paracymbiomma pepita, Cizauskas & Brescovit & Rodrigues & Rheims, 2024

Cizauskas, Igor, Brescovit, Antonio D., Rodrigues, Bruno V. B. & Rheims, Cristina A., 2024, Description of the female of P. pauferrense Rodrigues, Cizauskas & Rheims, 2018 and three new species of Paracymbiomma Rodrigues, Cizauskas & Rheims, 2018 (Araneae: Prodidomidae) from Brazil, Zootaxa 5474 (3), pp. 271-291 : 273-277

Paracymbiomma pepita sp. nov.

Figs 1–14 , 66B

Type material. Holotype: BRAZIL: Pará: ♂, Curionópolis, Cave SL _0108 [05°53’537”S; 43°40’34”W], 12 January 2012, M. P. Oliveira leg. ( IBSP 189003 ) . Paratype: ♀ from the same vial as holotype ( IBSP 189003 ) .

Etymology. The specific name refers to the largest gold nugget in the world, the “Pepita Canaã”, found in Serra Pelada, Brazil, a mining area located near the type locality; noun in apposition.

Diagnosis. Specimens of P. pepita sp. nov. resemble those of P. doisirmaos , P. angelim , P. bocaina and P una sp. nov. in having six eyes ( Figs 1 , 6–7 ). Males resemble those of P. bocaina in having an ovoid tegulum (rounded in the other species) but differ by the RTA surpassing half the cymbium length ( Figs 5 , 12 ) (RTA with curved tip and not reaching half the cymbium length in P. bocaina ) and by the MA resembling a scorpion telson, with blunt tip ( Figs 4 , 11 ) (rounded with small triangular tip in P. bocaina ). Females are distinguished from the other six-eyed congeners by the epigynum with a triangular atrium ( Figs 9 , 13 ) (circular in P. bocaina and P. una sp. nov. and with hood in P. angelim ).

Description. Male (holotype): Carapace, legs and abdomen weakly pigmented ( Fig. 1 ). Total length: 2.19. Carapace 0.79 long, 0.69 wide; abdomen 1.12 long, 0.64 wide; sternum 0.56 long, 0.46 wide ( Fig. 3 ); ALS 0.22 long, 0.10 wide. Six eyes arranged in two triads. AME absent. Eye diameters and interdistances: ALE 0.05; PLE 0.03; PME 0.01; ALE–ALE 0.04; PLE–ALE 0.01; PME–ALE 0.01; PME–PLE 0.03; PME–PME 0.04. Chelicerae 0.3 long; 5 retromarginal teeth and 2 promarginal teeth ( Fig. 2 ). Leg formula 4123. Leg measurements: I: 2.33 (0.68, 0.37, 0.51, 0.42, 0.35); II: 1.94 (0.57, 0.23, 0.42, 0.39, 0.33); IV: 2.76 (0.69, 0.35, 0.63, 0.59, 0.5). Leg spination: I— femur d1-1-0, p1-0-0; tibia v2-2-0; metatarsus v2-0-0.II—femur d1-1-0; tibia v0-1-0; metatarsus v0-2-0. IV—femur d1-1-2; tibia p1-1-0, r1-1-0, v1-0-2; metatarsus p1-0-1, r1-0-1, v1-1-2. Palp: femur with three dorsal spines (one median and two posterior) and six posterior ventral spines; RTA with tapered and curved tip ( Figs 5 , 12 ); E arising from tegulum at 12 o’clock position and not accompanying tegulum posterior contour; C almost as long as E, arising from tegulum at 1 o’clock position; MA at least three times longer than wide, distally widened ( Figs 4–5 , 11–12 ).

Female (paratype): Carapace and legs pale yellow, abdomen weakly pigmented ( Fig. 6 ). Total length: 2.26. Carapace 0.98 long, 0.74 wide; abdomen 1.15 long, 0.66 wide; sternum 0.61 long, 0.49 wide; ALS 0.19 long, 0.085 wide ( Fig. 9 ). Six eyes arranged in two triads ( Fig. 7 ). AME absent. Eye diameters and interdistances: ALE 0.04; PLE 0.04; PME 0.02; ALE–ALE 0.09; PLE–ALE 0.01; PME–ALE 0.03; PME–PLE 0.04; PME–PME 0.06. Chelicerae 0.30 long; 5 retromarginal teeth and 2 promarginal teeth. Leg formula 4123. Leg measurements: I: 2.4 (0.68, 0.44, 0.45, 0.48, 0.35; II: 2.28 (0.65, 0.39, 0.50, 0.43, 0.31); III: 2.09 (0.56, 0.32, 0.43, 0.40, 0.38); IV: 2.83 (0.77, 0.37, 0.62, 0.54, 0.53). Leg spination: I—femur d1-1-0; tibia v1p-2-0; metatarsus v2-0-0. II—femur d1-1-0; tibia v1r-2-0; metatarsus v2-0-0. III—femur d1-1-1p; tibia d0-1-0, p1-0-0, r1-0-0, v1p-2-2; metatarsus p0-0-1, r1- 0-0, v2-0-1. IV—femur d1-1-2; tibia d1-1-0, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, v1p-2-2; metatarsus d2-0-2, p0-0-1, r1-0-1, v2-1r-1. Epigynum: EF roughly as wide as long; A triangular with lateral and anterior margins sclerotized ( Figs 9 , 13 ). Vulva: CD with hyaline part (closer to CO) with two anterior loops; sclerotized part (closer to PS) strongly convoluted; PS elongate, roughly five times longer than wide; SS club-shaped, antero-medial, not reaching anterior margin of first loop; FD lateral ( Figs 10 , 14 ).

Distribution. Only known from the type locality, a ferruginous cave in Curionópolis, Pará, Brazil ( Fig. 66B ).

Natural history. Specimens of Paracymbiomma pepita sp. nov. were collected in a single iron cave inserted in the Serra Leste outcrop, a region with high anthropic activity derived from ore extraction. The specimens were located on the floor in the aphotic region with high humidity. To date, only troglophile spiders were known from caves in the Serra Leste region (e.g. Pikelinia carajas ( Brescovit, Magalhaes & Cizauskas, 2016) ; Plato ferriferus Prete, Cizauskas & Brescovit, 2018 ; Ochyrocera aragogue Brescovit, Cizauskas & Mota, 2018 ). These troglobite spiders have body depigmentation, reduced eyes and elongated appendages.

Figures

FIGURE 66. Map showing collection records for the known species of Paracymbiomma Rodrigues, Cizauskas & Rheims, 2018. A—Brazil, epigean species; B—Subterranean species.

FIGURES 1–5. Paracymbiomma pepita sp. nov., male (IBSP 189003). 1 Habitus, dorsal; 2 Chellicerae, ventral; 3 Sternum, ventral; 4–5 Left palp (ventral, retrolateral). C—conductor; E—embolus; MA—median apophysis; Pcb—paracymbium; RTA– retrolateral tibial apophysis. Scale lines: 1: 0.5 mm; 2–5: 0.2 mm.

FIGURES 6–10. Paracymbiomma pepita sp. nov., female (IBSP 189003). 6 Habitus, dorsal; 7 Carapace, eye area, frontal; 8 Abdomen, spinnerets, ventral; 9–10 genitalia (9 epigynum, ventral 10 vulva, dorsal). A—atrium; ALE—anterior lateral eye; ALS—anterior lateral spinnerets; FD—fertilization duct; PLE—posterior lateral eye; PME—posterior median eye; PS—primary spermathecae; SS—secondary spermathecae. Scale lines: 6: 0.5 mm; 7–10: 0.2 mm.

FIGURES 11–14. Paracymbiomma pepita sp. nov. 11–12 Male (IBSP 189003), left palp (11 ventral, 12 retrolateral); 13–14 Female (IBSP 189003), genitalia (13 epigynum, ventral, 14 vulva dorsal). A—atrium; C—conductor; E—embolus; FD— fertilization duct; MA—medianapophysis; Pcb—paracymbium;PS—primary spermathecae; RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis; SS—secondary spermathecae. Scale lines: 11–12: 0.1 mm; 13–14: 0.2 mm.