Lasioglossum (Sphecodogastra) lusorium ( Cresson 1872 )

Gibbs, Jason, Packer, Laurence, Dumesh, Sheila & Danforth, Bryan N., 2013, Revision and reclassification of <i> Lasioglossum </ i> (<i> Evylaeus </ i>), <i> L. </ i> (<i> Hemihalictus </ i>) and <i> L. </ i> (<i> Sphecodogastra </ i>) in eastern North America (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Halictidae), Zootaxa 3672 (1), pp. 1-116 : 83-84

Lasioglossum (Sphecodogastra) lusorium ( Cresson 1872)

( Figs. 43D , 44D , 45D , 46D , 59 , 60 , 76E , 83B )

Halictus lusorius Cresson 1872, p. 252 Lectotype. ♀ [ USA] Tex. [Texas, Bosque Co. (G. W. Belfrage)] [ANSP 2115]. Designated by Cresson (1916). Halictus galpinsiae Cockerell 1903, p. 342 (syn. McGinley 2003)

Holotype. ♀ [ USA] N.M. [New Mexico] Pecos , 22.vi [ UCMC]

Halictus gelidus Vachal 1904, p. 481 ♂ (syn. Crawford 1907b)

Holotype. ♂ [ USA] Colorado ( Morrison )

Evylaeus lusorium (in Hurd 1979: catalogue; Moure & Hurd 1987: catalogue)

Lasioglossum (Evylaeus) lusorium (in Krombein 1967: catalogue)

Lasioglossum (Sphecodogastra) lusorium (in Michener 1951: catalogue)

Sphecodogastra lusoria (in McGinley 2003: redescription, key ♂)

Diagnosis. Female L. lusorium can be recognised by the combination of mesepisternum with appressed hairs beneath longer erect hairs ( Figs. 59 , 76E ) and tibial scopa with single row of rake-like hairs (as in Fig. 74B ).

Male L. lusorium can be recognised by combination of face with dense subappressed pubescence ( Fig. 44D ) and flagellomeres with distinct sensillar patterns recognisable by distinct peg-like sensilla at distal and proximal ends of flagellomere, contrasting sharply from plate sensilla on central portion of flagellomere.

Description. See McGinley (2003: 34).

Taxonomic notes. A single female from Wisconsin is the only record of L. lusorium east of the Mississippi River. Due to its primarily western distribution, crepuscular activity, and floral specialization (see McGinley 2003), it is not expected to be commonly found in the east. In the western USA, L. lusorium is the most widespread and commonly collected member of the Onagraceae specialist L. ( Sphecodogastra ).

The taxonomy of this species has been confused in the past. Halictus galpinsiae has sometimes been considered a junior synonym of L. aberrans ( Crawford 1903) ( Stevens 1920; Hurd 1979; Moure & Hurd 1987). The taxonomy of L. lusorium and its synonyms was clarified by McGinley (2003), who gives a historical account of the usage of these names. Lasioglossum lusorium and L. aberrans , the latter known only from western Canada and the United States, are similar but are clearly different species. The differences between the two are particularly evident upon examination of males ( McGinley 2003).

Biology. This matinal/crepuscular species is oligolectic on Onagraceae ( McGinley 2003) . Floral records include Calylophus , Camissonia , Gaura , and Oenothera . Lasioglossum lusorium nests in sandy areas of xeric regions ( Bohart and Youssef 1976 —as Evylaeus galpinsiae ; McGinley 2003). Brood cells connect to the main burrow by short lateral tunnels ( Bohart and Youssef 1976). This species is primarily solitary with some communal nesting ( Bohart and Youssef 1976).

DNA barcodes. Six individuals have been sequenced (maximum intraspecific p-distance: 1.2%). The minimum interspecific p-distance separating L. lusorium from L. oenotherae is 5.8%. Two unique nucleotide substitutions are present among black, weak-veined Lasioglossum in the eastern USA: 258(C) and 386(A) (see Table 2).

Range. Fig. 61 .

Material examined. 191 (135 females, 56 males). CNC, CUIC, EMEC, LACM, MSUC, and PCYU.

MEXICO. CHIHUAHUA: 29 mi E Hidalgo; SAN LUIS POTOSI : 16 mi E San Luis Potosi.

USA. ARIZONA: Cochise Co. : Willcox, 4 mi E; CALIFORNIA: San Bernardino Co.: SW of Parker Dam; Merced Co.: Delhi, 2.5 mi S.; COLORADO: Baca Co. : Springfield, 31 mi SSW; Bent Co.: J. Martin Res.; Lump Gulch nr. Gilpin; Boulder Co.: Ward, 2 mi E; Boulder; Boulder, 5 mi. S; Boulder, Boulder Reservoir; Boulder, Valmont Butte; Longs Peak; Marshall; Nederland, Science Lodge; Clear Creek Co.: Chicago Creek; Echo Lake, Mt. Evans; Guanella Pass; Crowley Co.: Fowler, 6 mi S; Denver Co.: Denver; Douglas Co.: Franktown, 5 mi SSE; El Paso Co.: Foster Ranch; Kiowa Co.: Eads; Larimer Co.: Estes Park; Fort Collins; Hewlett Gulch, nr. Poudre Park; Lincoln Co.: Limon; Moffat Co.; Teller Co.: Florissant; Weld Co.: 3 mi S Milliken; Yuma Co. : Bonny Dam State Rec. Area, 21 mi N Burlington; NEBRASKA: Saline Co.: Crete; Sheridan Co.; NEVADA: Humboldt Co.: Winnemucca; Winnemucca, 11 mi N; NEW MEXICO: Lincoln Co.: Ruidoso; San Miguel Co.: Pecos; Socorro Co. : LaJoya Wildlife Pres., 20 mi N Socorro ; Valencia Co. : Pueblo Laguna; OKLAHOMA: Jefferson Co.: Waurika; OREGON: Umatilla Co.: Hermiston; SOUTH DAKOTA: Lawrence Co.: Cheyenne Crossing, Black Hills N.F.; TEXAS: Blanco Co.: Davis Ranch, NW; Brewster Co.: Big Bend N.P., Dagger Flats; Big Bend N.P., Nine Point Draw; Big Bend N.P., Panther Junction; Jeff Davis Co.: Fort Davis, 10 mi. W, Point Rocks; Kerr Co.: Kerrville; Reeves Co.; Terrell Co.: Sanderson; Travis Co.: Austin, Brackenridge; Ward Co.: Monahans; Williamson Co.: Leander, 1 mi. NW; WASHINGTON: Benton Co.: Richland; WISCONSIN: Jackson Co.; WYOMING: Natrona Co. : Powder River; Sweetwater Co.: Bitter Creek, 25 mi S.

Figures

FIGURE 43. Faces of female Lasioglossum subgenera Evylaeus (A) and Sphecodogastra (B-I) in frontal view. (A) L. cinctipes. (B) L. boreale. (C) L. comagenense. (D) L. lusorium. (E) L. oenotherae. (F) L. quebecense. (G) L. seillean. (H) L. texanum (I) L. truncatum. Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURE 44. Faces of male Lasioglossum subgenus Evylaeus (A) and Sphecodogastra (B-I) in frontal view. (A) L. cinctipes. (B) L. boreale. (C) L. comagenense. (D) L. lusorium. (E) L. oenotherae. (F) L. quebecense. (G) L. seillean. (H) L. texanum (I) L. truncatum. Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURE 45. Genital capsules of male Lasioglossum subgenera Evylaeus (A) and Sphecodogastra (B-I) in dorsal view. (A) L. cinctipes. (B) L. boreale. (C) L. comagenense. (D) L. lusorium. (E) L. oenotherae. (F) L. quebecense. (G) L. seillean. (H) L. texanum (I) L. truncatum. Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURE 46. Genital capsules of male Lasioglossum subgenus Evylaeus (A) and Sphecodogastra (B-I) in ventral view. (A) L. cinctipes. (B) L. boreale. (C) L. comagenense. (D) L. lusorium. (E) L. oenotherae. (F) L. quebecense. (G) L. seillean. (H) L. texanum (I) L. truncatum. Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURE 59. Lateral habitus of female Lasioglossum (Sphecodogastra) lusorium (Cresson). Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURE 60. Lateral habitus of male Lasioglossum (Sphecodogastra) lusorium (Cresson). Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURE 61. Distribution map of Lasioglossum (Sphecodogastra) lusorium (Cresson). Heat map indicates predicted suitable range based on maximum entropy niche-modelling. Black circles indicate actual geo-referenced specimen records.

FIGURE 74. Scopa of hind leg. (A) L. boreale—unmodified scopa. (B) L. oenotherae—modified scopa for Onagraceae pollen collection.

FIGURE 76. Mesepisternum of female Lasioglossum. (A) L. inconditum showing weak, rugulose sculpture. (B) L. pectinatum showing punctation. (C) L. pectorale showing coarse, rugose sculpture throughout. (D) L. comagenense showing weak, rugulose sculpture. (E) L. lusorium showing appressed pubescense. (F) L. truncatum showing rugose sculpture becoming rugulose anterior to mesocoxa.

FIGURE 83. Propodeum and metapostnotum of female Lasioglossum (Sphecodogastra) in the Onagraceae specialist lusorium species-group. (A) L. oenotherae showing coarse sculpture and strong carinae. (B) L. lusorium showing fine sculpture and weak carinae.