Pseudolycoriella paludum ( Frey, 1948 )

Babytskiy, A. I. & Bezsmertna, O. O., 2021, New Records Of Sciarid Species (Diptera, Sciaridae) From Ukraine. Iii, Zoodiversity 55 (6), pp. 493-504 : 499-503

Pseudolycoriella paludum ( Frey, 1948) ( figs 14–18 )

Synonyms: leucocera (Mohrig & Menzel, 1990); polliciformis (Freeman, 1990)

M a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d. Ukraine, Ternopil Region: between Luchka and Volia, “Zapust” tract, 49.40572° N, 25.61362° E, ca. 340 m a. s. l., oak-hornbeam forest, wet ravine overgrown by hornbeam, sweeping on the edge of ravine, 03.07.2015, 1 Ơ (A. Babytskiy) (No. 50); Ukraine, Volyn Region: outskirts of Klubochyn, Tsumanska Puscha National Nature Park, 50.96483° N, 25.77776° E, ca. 215 m a. s. l., hornbeam forest with admixture of birch, sweeping, 27.06.2017, 1 Ơ (A. Babytskiy) (No. 196, UkrBIN-795893); Ukraine, Volyn Region: outskirts of Klubochyn, Tsumanska Puscha National Nature Park, 50.96447° N, 25.77727° E, ca. 215 m a. s. l., hornbeam forest with admixture of Betula pendula Roth. and three trees of Betula obscura А. Kotula , sweeping, 27.06.2017, 5 Ơ (A. Babytskiy) (No. 197, 199, 203-4, UkrBIN-795894, 795896, 795900-01); Ukraine, Volyn Region: outskirts of Klubochyn, Tsumanska Puscha National Nature Park, 50.96522° N, 25.77657° E, ca. 215 m a. s. l., hornbeam-birch forest with overgrowth of Vinca minor L., sweeping, 27.06.2017, 2 Ơ (A. Babytskiy) (No. 205, UkrBIN-795902); Ukraine, Volyn Region: outskirts of Klubochyn, Tsumanska Puscha National Nature Park, 50.96230° N, 25.83071° E, ca. 205 m a. s. l., hornbeam-oak forest, sweeping, 27.06.2017, 2 Ơ (A. Babytskiy) (No. 208, 214, UkrBIN-795904, 795910); Ukraine, Volyn Region: outskirts of Sokyrychi, Tsumanska Puscha National Nature Park, 50.87516° N, 25.51393° E, ca. 210 m a. s. l., hornbeam forest with admixture of pines and old larches, sweeping, 28.06.2017, 5 Ơ (A. Babytskiy) (No. 221-2, 226, UkrBIN-795917-8, 795923); Ukraine, Volyn Region: between Berestiane and Kholonevychi, Tsumanska Puscha National Nature Park, “Piilo” tract, 50.99890° N, 25.93088° E, ca. 175 m a. s. l., hornbeam forest with admixture of aspen, sweeping, 28.06.2017, 8 Ơ (A. Babytskiy) (No. 227-8, UkrBIN-795924-5); Ukraine, Volyn Region: outskirts of Turiisk, 51.06977° N, 24.54502° E, ca. 180 m a. s. l., broadleaved hornbeam forest with admixture of ash, larch and oak, sweeping, 05.07.2017, 2 Ơ (A. Babytskiy) (No. 301-2); Ukraine, Kyiv Region: Kyiv City, Holosiivskyi National Nature Park, 50.37381° N, 30.50764° E, ca. 160 m a. s. l., broadleaved maple-hornbeam forest, sweeping above the rotten trunk, 15.06.2017, 31 Ơ (A. Babytskiy) (No. 322-332, 334-344, 346-354); Ukraine, Kyiv Region: Kyiv City, Holosiivskyi National Nature Park, 50.37384° N, 30.50781° E, ca. 170 m a. s. l., broadleaved maple-hornbeam forest, sweeping above grass, 15.06.2017, 29 Ơ (A. Babytskiy) (No. 356-384); Ukraine, Kyiv Region: Kyiv City, Holosiivskyi National Nature Park, 50.37382°N, 30.50782°E, ca. 170 m a. s. l., broadleaved maple-hornbeam forest, sweeping above rotten birch trunk and nearest grass, 15.06.2017, 15 Ơ (A. Babytskiy) (No. 385-399); Ukraine, Ternopil Region: outskirts of Luchka, “Zapust” tract, 49.40420° N, 25.61105° E, ca. 325 m a. s. l., oak-hornbeam forest, western edge of the tract, sweeping above the litter and rotten woods, 18.06.2018, 3 Ơ (A. Babytskiy) (No. 566-7, 569); Ukraine, Ternopil Region: outskirts of Luchka, “Zapust” tract, 49.40447° N, 25.61140° E, ca. 330 m a. s. l., oak-hornbeam forest, sweeping above the litter, 18.06.2018, 1 Ơ (A. Babytskiy) (No. 571); Ukraine, Ternopil Region: outskirts of Luchka, “Zapust” tract, 49.40451° N, 25.61254° E, ca. 340 m a. s. l., oak-hornbeam forest, sweeping above the litter without grass, 18.06.2018, 5 Ơ (A. Babytskiy) (No. 581-2, 588, 592, 597); Ukraine, Ternopil Region: outskirts of Strusiv, near “Zorepad” camp, 49.33839° N, 25.63538° E, ca. 355 m a. s. l., hornbeam forest, sweeping, 19.06.2018, 3 Ơ (A. Babytskiy) (No. 612-3, 616); Ukraine, Ternopil Region: outskirts of Strusiv, near “Zorepad” camp, 49.33638° N, 25.63387° E, ca. 370 m a. s. l., hornbeam-oak forest, sweeping above litter and rotten trunks and stumps overgrown by mosses, 19.06.2018, 7 Ơ (A. Babytskiy) (No. 623, 625-6, 628-31); Ukraine, Ternopil Region: outskirts of Luchka, “Zapust” tract, 49.40443° N, 25.61215° E, ca. 335 m a. s. l., oak-hornbeam forest, sweeping, 27.06.2018, 1 Ơ (A. Babytskiy) (No. 688); Ukraine, Ternopil Region: outskirts of Luchka, “Zapust” tract, 49.40638° N, 25.61746° E, ca. 350 m a. s. l., oak-hornbeam forest, wet ravine–old channel of spring, sweeping above thick vegetation of Aegopodium podagraria L., 27.06.2018, 2 Ơ (A. Babytskiy) (No. 690-1); Ukraine, Ternopil Region: outskirts of Druzhba, 49.34654° N, 25.66220° E, ca. 370 m a. s. l., hornbeam forest with admixture of birch and merry, sweeping, 28.06.2018, 3 Ơ (A. Babytskiy) (No. 695, 697-8); Ukraine, Ternopil Region: outskirts of Strusiv, 49.34376° N, 25.62999° E, ca. 410 m a. s. l., hornbeam-oak forest, sweeping along forest road, 30.06.2018, 3 Ơ (A. Babytskiy) (No. 701, 710, 725); Ukraine, Ternopil Region: outskirts of Strusiv, 49.33495° N, 25.63931° E, ca. 380 m a. s. l., young birch-hornbeamoak forest, sweeping, 30.06.2018, 2 Ơ (A. Babytskiy) (No. 741, 744); Ukraine, Ternopil Region: outskirts of Volia, “Hrabyna” tract, 49.38887° N, 25.62857° E, ca. 375 m a. s. l., oak-hornbeam forest, sweeping, 02.07.2018, 14 Ơ (A. Babytskiy) (No. 750-6, 758-61, 764, 767, 769); Ukraine, Ternopil Region: outskirts of Volia, “Hrabyna” tract, 49.38776° N, 25.62919° E, ca. 360 m a. s. l., oak-hornbeam forest, southern edge of the tract, sweeping on ecotone, 02.07.2018, 13 Ơ (A. Babytskiy) (No. 772-3, 776, 779-84, 786-90); Ukraine, Ternopil Region: outskirts of Volia, “Hrabyna” tract, 49.38776° N, 25.62919° E, ca. 360 m a. s. l., light and wet northern edge of the oakhornbeam forest dominated by hornbeam and pine and admixture of Acer platanoides L., sweeping above thick vegetation, 02.07.2018, 1 Ơ (A. Babytskiy) (No. 792); Ukraine, Ternopil Region: outskirts of Volia, “Zapust” tract, 49.40038° N, 25.62152° E, ca. 350 m a. s. l., oak-hornbeam forest, sweeping along forest road on the edge of the tract, 02.07.2018, 6 Ơ (A. Babytskiy) (No. 794, 800, 803-4, 817, 820).

Distribution: Czech Republic, Finland, France ( Corsica), Germany, Greece (mainland), Norway, Romania, Russia (North European part), Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine (new record); United Kingdom ( Heller & Menzel, 2017; Kolcsár & Heller, 2019; Menzel et al., 2020; this study).

Diagnosis. Dark brown species. Head. Compound eyes long haired. Eye bridge consists of 2–3 rows of ommatidia. Clypeus with 3–4 short setae. Maxillary palps darkened, consist of three palpomeres, all of them are about the same length, only p 2 is slightly shorter — about twice as long as thick. Basal palpomere without sensory pit and with 2–3 setae ( fig. 17 ). Scape and pedicel of antenna (also sometimes the basal part of the 1 st flagellomere) yellow, contrasting in color with the remaining flagellomeres. Flagellum slim, 1.3 mm in length; the 4 th flagellomere 2.5 times as long as wide, with a neck 1 / 5 of the body length ( fig. 18 ). Thorax dark brown. Notum weakly sclerotized, covered with sparce short setae. Scutellum with 2 longer setae and 3 shorter setae on both sides. Wing brownish with dark veins, 1.8 mm in length, 0.7 mm in width, 2.6–2.8 times as long as wide; c = 2 / 3 w; R/R 1 = 1.5; R 1 with 4–6 macrotrichia, falls into C opposite the end of CuA 2 and well before the base of stM; R 5 barely curved, ventrally bare, ends a little before the end of M 2; x = y, both bare; stM longer than M 1, easily recognizable in the specimen; M-fork quite broad, 2.7 times as long as wide in the middle; M 1 sharply bent, so the whole fork appears to be bent down and the cell above it is greatly expanded apically; stCuA 1 long — as long or almost as long as x; CuA 1 and CuA 2 curved. Haltere dark with a light stem and about 8 dorsal short setae. Legs weak, brownishyellow; coxae not shortened, brownish. Tibial organ t 1 with irregular row of bristles with curved margin at apex ( fig. 16 ). Hindleg = 0.63 mm; hindtibia = 0.86 mm; hindmetatarsus = 0.37 mm; hindtarsus = 0.75 mm. Hypopigium. Ventral base of genitalia without central basal lobe, only with scattered setae. Gonocoxae well developed, longer than gonostyles, covered with long and thin setae ( fig. 14 ). Gonostyles narrow and attenuated, apex widely rounded with dense, fur-like setae and apical whiplash seta. Apex of gonostyles with only spines among dense bristles, without tooth ( fig. 15 ). Apex of tegmen widely rounded, without finger-like central process ( Tuomikoski, 1960; Menzel & Mohrig, 2000).

Pseudolycoriella Menzel & Mohrig, 1998 includes about 30 species in the Palaearctic, divided into 3 groups – the P. bruckii Group, the P. morenae Group and the P. horribilis Group ( Menzel & Mohrig, 2000). A specific characteristic of the genus Pseudolycoriella is the presence of a whiplash seta on the gonostylus, but in contrast to Lycoriella , the whiplash seta of Pseudolycoriella is usually located apically and directed downward. Pseudolycoriella paludum belongs to the richest P. bruckii Group and differs from related species by having yellow basal antennal segments — scapus, pedicel and sometimes part of the 1 st flagellomere.

M o r p h o l o g i c a l n o t e. The body length of studied male imagoes reach 2.2–2.3 mm, wing is 1.8–2.3 mm long and 0.8–0.9 mm wide; x and y both bare or y with 1–3 macrotrichia. Biometric indexes of studied specimens: width/length of wing = 0.39–0.45; stM/M-fork = 0.86–0.99; R 1 /R = 0.45–0.72; x/y = 0.82–1.63; stCuA/x = 0.63–1.03; c/w = 0.63–0.70. Length of spur/width of tibia: leg 1 = 1.02–1.43, leg 2 = 1.17–1.52; leg 3 = 0.90–1.44. Length of metatarsus/length of tibia: leg 1 = 0.45–0.58, leg 2 = 0.40–0.52, leg 3 = 0.40–0.51. Length of tibia 3/length of thorax is 1.08–1.43.

Genus Xylosciara Tuomikoski, 1957

Subgenus Xylosciara Tuomikoski, 1957 s. str.

Xylosciara (Xylosciara) heptacantha Tuomikoski, 1957 ( figs 19–23 )

M a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d. Ukraine, Kyiv Region: Kyiv City, Holosiivskyi National Nature Park , 50.37199° N, 30.50525° E, ca. 180 m a. s. l., oak-hornbeam forest with admixture of maple, sweeping above rotten trunk, 10.06.2015, 1 Ơ (A. Babytskiy) (No. 40) ; Ukraine, Ternopil Region: outskirts of Stinka, Dniester Canyon National Nature Park, 48.91482° N, 25.23508° E, ca. 200 m a. s. l., left bank of Seret River , coastal beechhornbeam forest, sweeping, 09.08.2016, 1 Ơ (A. Babytskiy) (No. 74) ; Ukraine, Ivano-Frankivsk Region: between Nezvysko and Luka, 48.78303° N, 25.25203° E, ca. 200 m a. s. l., right bank of Seret River , coastal beech forest, sweeping around spring, 10.08.2016, 1 Ơ (A. Babytskiy) (No. 57) .

Distribution: Austria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Ireland, Luxembourg, Norway, Russia (Southern Siberia; Far East: Kuril Islands), Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, The Netherlands, Ukraine (new record), United Kingdom (Gerbachevskaja- Pavluchenko, 1986; Menzel et al., 2006; Heller, 2011 (in part); Komarov, 2011; Heller & Weber, 2013; Heller & Menzel, 2017; Menzel et al., 2020; this study).

Diagnosis. Dark brown species. Head capsule is rounded-ovoid. Maxillary palps short and swollen, yellow, consisting of two palpomeres. Basal palpomere short and club-like, with a field of sensilla and 3 setae ( fig. 21 ). Antennae brown; flagellomeres with protruding bristles, as long as the flagellomere width; the 4 th flagellomere 2 times as long as wide, neck 1 / 4 of the body length ( fig. 22 ). Thorax brown. Katepisternum large, flat and wedge shaped, pointing backwards. Mesonotum and scutellum very flat and attenuated. Abdomen long and attenuated, accounting for most of the body length. Wing 2.3 mm long, with a large anal area. M-fork long and curved, approximately the same length as stM. R 1 clearly shorter than R, y in some specimens is very short, doesn`t exceed half-length of x; stCuA sometimes indistinct. Haltere light brown, concolorous with abdomen; with long stem. Legs slender and attenuated, paler than body and thorax, brownish-yellow. Spurs short, shorter than tibial width. Tibial organ t 1 with sparse bristles, not arranged in a row or patch ( fig. 23 ). Hypopigium wider than long, the base of gonocoxae without differentiation or bristle group ( fig. 19 ). Gonostylus oval, with a whiplash seta and 5–7 strong spines on raised sockets — 4–6 apical and 1 mesial, located clearly far from the other ( fig. 20 ). Apex of tegmen with short central bridge, genital apodeme short ( Tuomikoski, 1957, 1960; Gerbachevskaja, 1969; Menzel & Mohrig, 2000).

Xylosciara Tuomikoski, 1957 s. l. is divided into 2 subgenera — Protoxylosciara Tuomikoski, 1960 with only 2 species and Xylosciara Tuomikoski, 1957 s. str., which includes about 20 mainly xylophilic species in the Palaearctic. From related species, X. heptacantha can be distinguished by the large mesial megaseta lying isolated more basally than the other megasetae on the gonostylus. Xylosciara heptacantha is similar to X. acanthaformis Mohrig & Mamaev, 1983 , but the latter species has a more attenuated gonostylus and a larger number of aedeagal teeth on the tegmen — ca. 50, compared with 30 in X. heptacantha ( Hippa & Vilkamaa, 2004) .

M o r p h o l o g i c a l n o t e. The body length of studied male imagoes reach 1.8–2.0 mm, wing is 1.1–1.4 mm long and 0.5 mm wide; x and y both bare. Biometric indexes of studied specimens: width/length of wing = 0.37–0.44; stM/M-fork = 0.92–1.10; R 1 /R = 0.53–0.68; x/y = 1.12–2.81; stCuA/x = 0.32–0.46; c/w = 0.60–0.72. Length of spur/width of tibia: leg 1 = 0.75–0.99, leg 2 = 0.61–0.86; leg 3 = 0.56–0.90. Length of metatarsus/length of tibia: leg 1 = 0.43–0.48, leg 2 = 0.39–0.40, leg 3 = 0.33–0.37. Length of tibia 3/length of thorax is 0.77–0.97.

We consider it our pleasant obligation to express sincere gratitude to our colleagues and friends, who supported our work, among them, Valery Korneyev (I. I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine) for his ongoing help, scientific guidance and valuable advice, and Frank Menzel (Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Müncheberg, Germany) for his kind help in identification of the specimens. Special thanks are due to Igor S. Kvach, ex-director of the Tsumanska Puscha National Nature Park (Kivertsi, Volyn Region), for his permission and assistance in carrying out expeditions in the park. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments.

Figures

Figs 14–18. Pseudolycoriella paludum, male: 14 — hypopygium, ventral view; 15 — gonostylus, medial view; 16 — anterior apex of fore tibia (t1) with tibial organ, lateral view; 17 — maxillary palp, lateral view; 18 — fourth flagellomere, lateral view. Scale bars: 0.10 mm.

Figs 19–23.Xylosciara heptacantha, male: 19 — hypopygium, ventral view; 20 — gonostylus, ventral view; 21 — maxillary palp, lateral view; 22 — fourth flagellomere, lateral view; 23 — anterior apex of fore tibia (t1) with tibial organ, lateral view. Scale bars: 0.10 mm.