Eufriesea coerulescens (Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau, 1841)

Gonzalez, Victor H., Griswold, Terry & Simoes, Marianna, 2017, On the identity of the adventive species of Eufriesea Cockerell in the USA: systematics and potential distribution of the coerulescens species group (Hymenoptera, Apidae), Journal of Hymenoptera Research 55, pp. 55-102 : 58

Eufriesea coerulescens (Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau, 1841)

Male, Figs 1 , 7-9 , 22 , 34-39 , 40-45 ; Female, Figs 29 , 31 , 46-50

Euglossa coerulescens Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau, 1841: 11 (Lectotype: MNHN; ♂, Mexico); Moure, 1967: 407 (lectotype designation)

Diagnosis.

The male of this species shares with that of E. oliveri and E. simillima the subapical projection of the anterior margin of the male metatibia, which is formed by the medial portion of the ridge that borders the depressed area and thus located above the inner spur, and the dorsal lobe of the gonostylus, which is apically about as broad as its base and largely bare on its outer surface. It can be separated from E. simillima by the length of the glossa (reaching mesotrochanter in E. coerulescens vs. reaching metatrochanter in E. simillima ), presence of a longitudinal median depression on clypeus (absent in E. simillima ), outer surface of mesotibia with area between the medial margin of the posterior felty patch and the anterior margin of tibia pubescent throughout except for small area apically (half bare apically in E. simillima ), and by the body color (largely metallic green in the male of E. coerulescens vs. dark blue with violet hues in both sexes of E. simillima ). In addition, both species are geographically separated: E. simillima is restricted to the western slope of the Cordillera of Chihuahua whereas E. coerulescens is more widely distributed, occurring along the Sierra Madre Oriental and eastern Mexico. From E. oliveri , which shares the same body coloration, it can be separated by the length of the glossa (reaching S2 in E. oliveri ), punctation of T2 (punctures on disc separated by at least half a puncture width in E. coerulescens , closer in E. oliveri ), and posterior felty patch of mesotibia, which is broader medially than apically (about the same width across its length in E. oliveri ). The female can be recognized by the following combination of features: glossa extending to metatrochanter; dorsum of mesosoma with pubescence not obscuring integument; metasoma with apical terga and sterna with white setae at least laterally; T2 with sparse, coarse punctures; mesoscutellum with fine, dense punctures; and metabasitarsus short, 1.7-1.8 times longer than broad. In E. simillima the pubescence of metasoma is black, T2 is more finely punctate, and metabasitarsus is longer (2.2 times longer than broad). In E. micheneri the pubescence on the dorsum of mesosoma is denser, partially obscuring the integument, the mesoscutellum is more coarsely and sparsely punctate, and the metabasitarsus is about twice as long as broad.

Redescription.

Lectotype, ♂: Head width 5.9 mm; intertegular distance 4.9 mm; body length 17.8 mm; forewing length 14.6 mm. Glossa in repose reaching mesotrochanter. Anterior margin of metatibia in inner view with elevated ridge bordering depressed, smooth and hairless area above tibial spurs, medial portion above inner spur projecting into a spine; metabasitarsus about twice as long as broad, inner surface near base weakly protuberant in frontal view, posterior margin gently convex, posterodistal margin angled. Dorsal lobe of gonostylus apically about as broad as its base, largely bare on its outer surface.

Mandible black on apical two-thirds, basally blue with weak green hues as on labrum; face green with weak golden hues; vertex and gena blue with weak green and purple hues; antenna black. Mesosoma (excluding legs) predominantly green except mesoscutellum blue, with weak golden hues on mesoscutum anteriorly, weak blue hues on axilla laterally, mesepisternum ventrally, and propodeum basal and laterally. Legs mostly blue-purple except green on pro- and mesotibiae anteriorly and metatibia basally. Wing membrane darkly infuscate, veins dark brown to black. T1-T4 green except distal margins blue to purple; T5-T7 blue with purple marginal zones; sterna mainly green except S3 dark brown, with blue to purple hues on apical sterna.

Head mainly with off-white setae, with gray to black setae on vertex. Mesosoma with black setae except whitish setae on outer surface of mesobasitarsus and off-white on anterior half of mesoscutum, lateral face of mesepisternum anteriorly, and small patch laterally on propodeum. Metasoma with off-white to light brown setae, longer and denser on apical terga and sterna.

Clypeus with longitudinal medial depression, bounded laterally by weak longitudinal ridge. T2 with punctures on disc separated by at least half a puncture width, impunctate distal margin at least as wide as two times a puncture width.

♀: Head width 5.7-6.0 mm; intertegular distance 4.9-5.0 mm; body length 14.6-16.9 mm; forewing length 13.1-13.8 mm. Metatibia with emargination on distal margin 0.7-0.8 times width of posterodistal angle; metabasitarsus 1.7-1.8 times longer than broad.

Blue-green with purple hues on mandible, labrum, clypeus, vertex, gena, mesoscutellum, legs, discs of sterna, and marginal zones of terga.

Pubescence black, except off-white on sides of T3, T4-T6 entirely, sides of S3, entire S4 and S5. Mesoscutellum with poorly defined row of dense pubescence on median longitudinal groove.

Clypeus sometimes with median longitudinal ridge continuing onto supraclypeal area; labrum with basal, longitudinally elongate tubercle, sublateral carinae sometimes weak. Mesoscutellum with fine, dense punctures. T2 with punctures on disc sparser than in the male, separated by at least a puncture width, impunctate distal margin wide, at least three or four times a puncture width.

Material examined.

(n = 46♀, 3♂,) 1♂, USA: Texas, Culberson County: Guadalupe Mountains National Park, Pine Springs , N 31.8955 W 104.8271, 20 Jul 2010, J.D. Herndon, A. Druk, H. Ikerd, pantrap, GUMO27853 (BBSL) ; 1♂, New Mexico, Eddy County: Longview Spring , 0.7km E, N 32.1007 W 104.6317, 1551m, 22 Jul 2010, J.D. Herndon, Cirsium sp., CAVE20415 (BBSL) ; Mexico: 2♀, Chihuahua, General Trias , August 20, 1991, J. Rozen / N. Pember, SM0307820, -21, KUNHM-ENT (SEMC) ; 1♀, Coahuila, Cuesta la Muralla , ix-12-76/ J.A. Chemsak, J. Powell, A.&M Michelbacher collectors/ EMEC1069129 (EMEC) ; 8♀, Durango, Dgo., Mex. , 6200ft. Aug. 14, 1947 / D. Rockefeller, Exp. Gertsch / SM0504556,-59-65 KUNHM-ENT (SEMC) ; 1♂, idem (FSCA) ; 1♀, idem / BBSL849648 (BBSL) ; 1♀, idem / D. Rockefeller, Exp. Spieth / SM0504557, KUNHM-ENT (SEMC) ; 1♀, idem / D. Rockefeller, Exp. Cazier / SM0504558, KUNHM-ENT (SEMC) ; 1♀, ECO-TAP-E-105054, Mex., Hgo. [Hidalgo], La Misión, Puerto de Piedra , 1678 m, 21,05076N, 99,11475W, 19/8/2013, 09:10, Col. Jorge Mérida ; 3♀, Mexico: Hidalgo, 24km NW Cardonal ( Barranco del Tulanlango ), 1590m / 13 July 1990, R.L. Minckley, ex., Cassia / SM0504551-53, KUNHM-ENT (SEMC) ; 1♀, Mexico: Hidalgo, 3.5km W Canyon of Tolantongo / NE of Ixmiquilipan, 1590 m, 13 July 1990, I. Yarom, on Cassia ?/ SM0504576, KUNHM-ENT (SEMC) ; 3♀, Mexico: Hidalgo, Grutas Tolantongo , 30km NW Cardonal, 1230m, 13 July 1990. W.J. Bell #2 / SM0504521-22,-75, KUNHM-ENT (SEMC) ; 1♀, Mexico: Hidalgo, 31 km S Jacala , 1050m, 12 July 1990, W.J. Bell #2/ SM0504579, KUNHM-ENT (SEMC) ; 1♀, Mexico: Hidalgo, Santorun , Atotonlico el Grande, 13 Sept. 1997, L. Godinez, #736, ex. Senecio salignus / SM0504580, KUNHM-ENT (SEMC) ; 1♂, ECO-TAP-E-104040, NL [Nuevo León], Aranberri , P. de Anteojitos, 2041 m, 24,21185N, 99,88922W, 8/8/2013, 09:05, Col. Jorge Mérida (ECOSUR) ; 2♀, ECO-TAP-E-104736, -53, Mex., Qro. [ Querétaro], La Loma, 1830 m, 21,36714N, 99,76277W, 16/8/2013, 10:35, Col. Jorge Mérida, Erika Esquivel ; 1♀, Mexico: Querétaro, 27km W San Luis Potosi , 1270 m, 8 July 1990, W.J. Bell #1 / SM0504577, KUNHM-ENT (SEMC) ; 2♀, idem, 26.5 km W San Luis Potosi / borde ron Hwy. 120, 1270 m, 9 July 1990, R.L. Minckley / SM0504523,-70, KUNHM-ENT (SEMC) ; 1♀, ECO-TAP-E-104700, Mex., SLP [San Luis Potosí], Alaquines, Las Huertas , 1384 m, 22,04671N, 99,53239W, 15/8/2013, 11:30, Col. Erika Esquivel ; 4♀, idem, ECO-TAP-E-104661, S.J. de Corito, 1353m, 22,00349N, 99,49312W, 8:25, Col. Jorge Mérida ; 2♀, ECO-TAP-E-104939, Mex., SLP, Xilitla , La Soledad, 1356 m, 21,33348N, 99,08237W, 18/8/2013, 10:40, Col. Jorge Mérida, Erika Esquivel ; 1♀, idem, ECO-TAP-E-104965, Buenavista , 1648 m, 21,33774N, 99,10539W ; 1♀, 17 mi. W, Xilitla, S.L.P., Mex., vii-22-54,4700 ft/Univ. Kans. Mex. Expedition/ SM05045, KUNHM-ENT (SEMC); 1♀, Mexico, San Luis Potosi, 17 mi E Cd. Maiz , 3200', 23 July 196, U.Kans. Mex. Exped. / SM0504569, KUNHM-ENT (SEMC) ; 1♀, idem, 15 mi. E Cd. Maiz , 3700' / SM0504528, KUNHM-ENT (SEMC) ; 2♀, idem, 5 mi. E Ciudad del Maiz , S. L.P., Mex. 4700 feet, viii-22, 23-1954/ SM0504554, -55, KUNHM-ENT (SEMC) ; 1♀, Mex: San Luis Potosi, 15 mi. W, Xilitla , 1350m, viii-15-1977, E.I.Schlinger / on plant #8, Cassia sp. / EMEC1069131 (EMEC) ; 1♀, Villagran, Tamaulipas, Mex , ix-8-1966, D.H. Janzen, Thevetia /AMNH_BEE 00164041 (AMNH) ; 1♀, Mex : Tamaulipas, 15 mi. SW Cd. Victoria, 5000', ix-19-76/ J.A. Chemsak, J. Powell, A.&M Michelbacher collectors/ EMEC1069128, -30 (EMEC) .

Distribution.

(Fig. 128 ) Mexico: Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Hidalgo, Nuevo León, Querétaro, San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas. USA (accidental?, see results and discussion): Texas, New Mexico.

Floral records.

Females have been collected on flowers of Cassia sp. ( Fabaceae ), Solanum sp. ( Solanaceae ), Senecio salignus (Kunth) H.E. Robins. & Brett ( Asteraceae ), and Thevetia sp. ( Apocynaceae ). One of the two males captured in the US was visiting flowers of Cirsium sp. ( Asteraceae ).

Comments.

The male lectotype is in poor condition (Figs 34-39 ). Both forewings are detached from the specimen and the left leg, right antenna and most of the left flagellum are missing. In addition, the left mesepisternum, right sides of S1, S2, S5, S2, T5-T7, and part of genital capsule appeared to have been eaten by dermestid beetles. Because the right mesotibia is very close to the body and the genitalia is partly destroyed, the following measurements and photographs were taken from the specimen collected in Nuevo León, Mexico: mesotibia with area between medial margin of posterior patch and anterior margin of tibia setose throughout except by small apical area; posterior patch about four times longer than broad, subapically broader than distance between its medial margin and anterior margin of tibia. Hidden sterna and genitalia as in Figs 40-45 .

Female specimens vary considerably in the presence of green hues, from nearly absent to very distinct on face, mesoscutum and terga. The identity of the male from "Durango, Dgo., Mex., 6200ft. Aug. 14, 1947 / D. Rockefeller, Exp. Gertsch" is questionable, made more difficult because the two hind legs that are glued to the body are from different species; this male lacks the blue mesepisternum considered diagnostic for E. coerulescens .

Figures

Figure 128. Collection localities for species of Eufriesea of the Eufriesea coerulescens group.

Figures 1 - 3. Male mesotibia showing anterior (ap) and posterior (pp) felty patches. The presence or absence of setae in the area between the medial margin of the posterior patch and the anterior margin of tibia (aa) distally, is an important feature in species identification. 1 E. coerulescens (Mexico: Nuevo Leon; ECO-TAP-E- 104040) 2 E. oliveri (holotype) 3 E. simillima (holotype).

Figures 7 - 13. Outer view of the male hind leg (7) and detail of the subapical projection (indicated by an arrow) above the tibial spurs in anterior (8, 10, 12) and lateral views (9, 11, 13) Red box in Fig. 7 indicates detailed area in subsequent figures 7 - 9 E. coerulescens (Mexico: Nuevo Leon, ECO-TAP-E- 104040) 10, 11 E. oliveri (paratype. Mexico: Guerrero, EMEC 1069134) 12, 13 E. simillima (paratype. Mexico: Chihuahua, KUNHM-ENT 0504566).

Figures 20 - 26. Dorsal views of male mesoscutellum (20, 21) and second metasomal tergum (22, 23), and lateral views of the genital capsule (24) and dorsal (gsd) and ventral lobes (gsv) of the gonostylus (25, 26). Red box in Fig. 24 indicates detailed area in subsequent figures. 20 E. micheneri (paratype. Mexico: Jalisco, Talpa, KUNHM-ENT 1121712) 21, 23 - 25 E. oliveri (paratype. Mexico: Guerrero, EMEC 1069134, - 35) 22 E. coerulescens (lectotype) 26 E. engeli (paratype, KUNHM-ENT 0504531).

Figures 34 - 39. Male lectotype of E. coerulescens. 34 Facial view 35 Detail of clypeus with arrows indicating weak sublateral ridges that form a median longitudinal depression 36 Dorsal habitus 37 Lateral habitus 38 right and left forewings 39 Dorsal view of mesoscutellum.

Figures 40 - 45. Male terminalia of E. coerulescens (Mexico: Nuevo Leon, ECO-TAP-E- 104040). 40 Seventh metasomal sternum in ventral view 41, 42 Eighth metasomal sternum in ventral and lateral views 43 - 45 Genital capsule in dorsal, ventral, and lateral views.

Figures 27 - 33. Dorsal views of female mesoscutellum (27, 28) and tegula (29, 30), and outer view of hind leg (31 - 33). 27 E. barthelli (paratype. Mexico: Morelos, Tepoztlan, UNAM 01827) 28, 33 E. oliveri (paratype. Mexico: Guerrero, EMEC 1069136) 29, 31 E. coerulescens (Mexico: San Luis Potosi, ECO-TAP-E- 104700; Queretaro, ECO-TAP-E- 104753) 30, 32 E. micheneri (paratype. Mexico: Jalisco, Mascota, KUNHM-ENT 1121708). Arrows in Fig. 27 indicate the distinct medial longitudinal groove with row of dense pubescence.

Figures 46 - 50. Female of E. coerulescens (Mexico: San Luis Potosi, ECO-TAP-E- 104161; Queretaro, ECO-TAP-E- 104753 [Fig. 46]). 46 Facial view 47 Dorsal habitus 48 Lateral habitus 49 Dorsal view of mesoscutellum 50 Second metasomal tergum.