Trigonura Sichel, 1865

Narendran, T. C. & van Achterberg, Cornelis, 2016, Revision of the family Chalcididae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) from Vietnam, with the description of 13 new species, ZooKeys 576, pp. 1-202 : 138-140

Taxon classification Animalia Hymenoptera Chalcididae

Trigonura Sichel, 1865 Figs 200, 201

Trigonura Sichel, 1865: 358, 376-377 (as subgenus of Phasganophora Sichel, 1865). Type species: Phasganophora crassicauda Sichel, by monotypy.

Trigonura ; Kirby 1883: 54, 59-60 (upgraded to genus level).

Bactrochalcis Kieffer, 1912: 463. Type species: Bactrochalcis reticulata Kieffer, by monotypy. Synonymised with Trigonura Sichel by Steffan (1951b).

Centrochalcis Cameron, 1913: 92. Type species: Centrochalcis ruficaudis Cameron, by monotypy. Synonymised with Trigonura Sichel by Waterston (1922).

Centrochalcidea Gahan & Fagan, 1923: 28. Replacement name for Centrochalcis Cameron, 1913, not 1905.

Chalcidellia Girault, 1924a: 1-3. Type species: Chalcis euthyrrhini Dodd, by original designation. Synonymised with Trigonura Sichel by Bouček (1988b).

Urochalcis Nikol’skaya, 1952: 91. Type species: Urochalcis ninae Nikol’skaya, by original designation. Synonymised with Trigonura Sichel by Nikol’skaya (1960).

Diagnosis.

This genus comes very close to Trigonurella Bouček, but Trigonurella differs from Trigonura in having: 1) lower face with conspicuous raised, X-shaped structure (fig. 251 of Narendran 1989); 2) face flat; 3) eye margin delimited by pre-orbital carina and hind femur with a large basal tooth. In Trigonura the lower face is regularly punctate; the face is convex without strong pre-orbital carina and hind femur without broad tooth.

Description.

Face convex, without strong pre-orbital carinae; malar space with coarse punctation but without malar sulcus or carina; antenna inserted about at level with lowest margin of eyes; interstices between pits on dorsum of mesosoma raised, rasp-like; T1 normally convex, dorsally shiny, with fine punctures, rarely dull with rugose substriate sculpture; T1 much larger than T2.

Variation.

Some characters show intrageneric variation. The typical distinct flat and punctured interantennal space varies to narrow upwardly produced (into scrobal space) interantennal space in some species groups. The apex of the metasoma of female varies in length. The apex of scutellum is mostly rounded but in some species medially truncate. In some species T1 has a dull rugose area ( Bouček 1992, 1988b; Steffan 1951b; Burks 1959).

Hosts.

Parasitoids of coleopterous larvae ( Buprestidae , Curculionidae , Scolytidae ).

Distribution.

New World, Africa, Asia, Australia and New Guinea ( Bouček 1988b).