Tanypodinae, Skuse, 1889
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.5497.2.1 |
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publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:00B749E1-6499-49FC-81EE-87C5FB190195 |
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DOI |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13628423 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E31D87D4-2E6D-FFD0-20EC-FCA8B41CC71F |
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treatment provided by |
Plazi |
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scientific name |
Tanypodinae |
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Tanypodinae View in CoL : Pentaneurini
The Pentaneurini is the most diverse tribe of Tanypodinae , regionally with at least 14 genera known as larvae, plus several informally recognised additional morphotypes (not keyed). Most genera are widely distributed including in oriental China and beyond in the Palaearctic and Australian regions. The ‘ Thienemannimyia group’ of genera is difficult to separate and may require pupal associations.
1 Palp basal segment with 2 or more sclerotized sections ( Fig. 4A, B View FIGURE 4 )............................................. 2
1’ Palp with single sclerotised basal segment ( Fig. 4C View FIGURE 4 ).......................................................... 3
2(1) Palp with 2 unequal segments, base of divided 1st segment less than 0.5 length of apical part ( Fig. 4A View FIGURE 4 ). Pseudoradula broadened posteriorly, granulation diffuse ( Fig. 4D View FIGURE 4 ).............................................. Zavrelimyia Fittkau View in CoL (part) [syn. Paramerina Fittkau, may be treated as s.g.; lotic, widespread regional; Japan; Holarctic, Neotropical, Australia]
2’ Palp multisegmented; if only 2 segments then parts subequal or greater than 0.5 length of apical segment; in some spp. with> 2 segments, basal segment may be short ( Fig. 4B View FIGURE 4 ). Pseudoradula not broad posteriorly, granulation often in longitudinal rows ( Figs. 2B View FIGURE 2 , 4E View FIGURE 4 )...................................................................... Ablabesmyia Johannsen [lentic, lotic, abundant, speciose, s.g. Cranston & Epler, 2013; oriental region, Niitsuma (2013), Niitsuma & Tang (2019); global]
3(1) Ligula with median tooth longer than inner teeth, reaching or surpassing level of outer teeth ( Fig. 4F View FIGURE 4 ). SSm strongly retracted posteriorly ( Fig. 4G View FIGURE 4 ). Anal tubules longer than posterior parapods ( Fig. 4H View FIGURE 4 )........................ Nilotanypus Kieffer [psammophilic lotic, widespread regionally, N. polycanthus Cheng & Wang , N. quadratus Cheng & Wang , oriental China, Cranston et al. 2022; Holarctic, Neotropical, Afrotropical, Australia]
3’ Ligula with median tooth subequal to or shorter than inner teeth ( Fig. 4J View FIGURE 4 ). SSm not strongly retracted ( Fig. 4L View FIGURE 4 ). Anal tubules not longer than posterior parapods........................................................................ 4
4(3) Apex of 2nd antennal segment with Lauterborn organs elongate, subequal in length to 3rd segment, giving bifid apex ( Fig. View FIGURE 4
4I)................................................................................................. 5 4’ Lauterborn organs shorter or absent, apex thus not appearing bifid.............................................. 7
5 (4) Ligula teeth in straight or weakly convex row ( Fig. 4J View FIGURE 4 )................................. Denopelopia Roback & Rutter [eutrophic wetlands, drain. Sulawesi, oriental China, Cheng & Wang 2005b (Pe, Ashe, 1990; Liu et al. 2017, as Telmatopelopia , both error)]
5’ Ligula teeth in concave row ( Fig. 4K, N View FIGURE 4 )................................................................... 6
6(5) Mid-section of ligula constricted; middle tooth smaller than inner tooth ( Fig. 4K View FIGURE 4 ). Submentum (ventral star chart) with components trapezoid ( Fig. 4L View FIGURE 4 )......................................................... Monopelopia Fittkau [inc. phytotelms, Indonesia (Sulawesi), oriental China (Hainan), Duan et al. 2021; Holarctic, New Zealand, monophyly and composition uncertain, Krosch et al. 2022]
6’ Middle section of ligula not so constricted; middle tooth subequal to inner tooth ( Fig. 4N View FIGURE 4 ). Submentum (ventral star chart) with components linear ( Fig. 4M View FIGURE 4 )............................................................ Krenopelopia Fittkau [krenobiont, small lotic, Indonesia (Java), Singapore, Japan; Holarctic]
7 (4) Mandible with large molar tooth ( Fig. 5A View FIGURE 5 )................................................................. 8 7’ Mandible with mola tooth indistinct or absent ( Fig. 5I View FIGURE 5 )........................................................ 9
8(7) Dorsal head with pore (DP) ( Fig. 5B View FIGURE 5 ). Ligula with teeth directed anteriorly ( Fig. 5C View FIGURE 5 ). Antennal ratio> 3.5. Small claws of posterior parapod without inner tooth........................................................... Larsia Fittkau [lotic, Indonesia (Sulawesi), L. albiceps (Johannsen) widespread Thailand, China, spp. on Pe; Holarctic, Neotropical, Afrotropical, Australia ( Cranston & Krosch 2021)]
8’ Dorsal pore absent. Ligula with apices of inner teeth directed slightly to strongly outward ( Fig. 5D View FIGURE 5 ). Antennal ratio <3.5. Small claw(s) of posterior parapod often with inner tooth ( Fig. 5E View FIGURE 5 ).................................... Zavrelimyia Fittkau [lotic, includes previous Paramerina spp. Regionally speciose and widespread, e.g. Z. ignobilis , Z. dulosa , Z. facili s, Z. alterna (all Johannsen) ( Indonesia, inc. Sumatra, Bali, Java). Holarctic, Neotropical]
9(7) Palp with ring organ near middle of basal segment ( Fig. 5F View FIGURE 5 )................................... Trissopelopia Kieffer [lotic, lentic, ♂. (perhaps only 1 common sp., T. oyabetrispinosa (Sasa, Kawai & Ueno) , oriental China (Sichuan, Shaanxi), Cheng & Wang 2005a; Holarctic (inc. Japan), Nepal ( Roback & Coffman 1987), Afrotropical, Neotropical]
9’ Palp with ring organ subapical on basal segment ( Fig. 5G, H View FIGURE 5 ).................................... ‘ Thienemannimyia group’*............................................................................................ 10
10(9) Palp with b sensillum 3-segmented ( Fig. 5G View FIGURE 5 ).............................................................. 11 10’ Palp with b sensillum 2-segmented ( Fig. 5H View FIGURE 5 ).............................................................. 12
11(10) Mandible with teeth essentially absent ( Fig. 5I View FIGURE 5 ). Pseudoradula tapers from base to apex, c. 20% of M-Appendage width at midpoint ( Fig. 5K View FIGURE 5 ).................................................................... Rheopelopia Fittkau [rheophilous; R. joganflava (Sasa & Okazawa) , R. tuberculata (Chaudhuri & Debnath) in oriental China. Holarctic (c. 10 spp.)]
11’ Mandible with accessory tooth visible at 400x ( Fig. 5J View FIGURE 5 ). Pseudoradula narrow, ca. 10% of M-Appendage width with granulation in 5–8 rows ( Fig. 5L View FIGURE 5 ).......................................................... Coffmania Hazra & Chaudhuri [3–4 regional spp. ( India), L in drains in Singapore; C. insignis Niitsuma , oriental China, Japan]
12(10) Pseudoradula narrow, ca.10% of width of M appendage; granulation in 5–8 closely adjacent, near parallel rows ( Fig. 5M View FIGURE 5 ). Cephalic setae S9 and S10 adjacent, separated by width of VP ( Fig. 5N View FIGURE 5 )........................ Conchapelopia Fittkau [lotic, lentic, eurythermic. Indonesia (Sulawesi) C. insolens Murray ; C. brachiata Niitsuma & Tang , oriental China; global exc. Australia]
12’ Pseudoradula>20% of width of M appendage, tapered; granulation in at least 8 rows. Cephalic setae S9 and S10 more widely separated ( Fig. 5Q View FIGURE 5 ) or approximated ( Fig. 5O View FIGURE 5 )............................................................. 13
13(12) Cephalic setae S9 near S10, anterior to alignment of SSm and ventral pore (VP) ( Fig. 5O View FIGURE 5 ). Posterior parapod with 5 small thick, dark claws, lacking an elongate long claw ( Fig. 5P View FIGURE 5 )....................................... Thienemannimyia Fittkau [lotic, lentic, Indonesia (Sulawesi), Thailand, regionally speciose, abundant, 5 spp. oriental China ( Cheng & Wang 2009); includes Hayesomyia Murray & Fittkau ; global]
13’ Cephalic setae S9 distant from S10, posterior / laterally aligned SSm and VP ( Fig. 5Q View FIGURE 5 ).......... Amnihayesomyia Niitsuma [lotic, A. vittata Tang & Niitsuma , oriental China (Guangdong, Yunnan), 2110 m. 7 spp. from elevation in Nepal and adjacent palaearctic China, Tang & Niitsuma 2020a. Holarctic, inc. Japan]
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.