Tanypodinae, Skuse, 1889
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.5497.2.1 |
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publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:00B749E1-6499-49FC-81EE-87C5FB190195 |
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DOI |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13628421 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E31D87D4-2E68-FFDF-20EC-FB27B2D4C0DB |
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treatment provided by |
Plazi |
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scientific name |
Tanypodinae |
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Tanypodinae View in CoL : tribes and genera
This subfamily is the third most diverse, distributed widely excepting Antarctica, occupying many different microhabitats in major aquatic habitats, including phytotelmata and the hygropetric zone. Larvae are free-living and none make larval nests or pupal cases, pupa can directly utilize atmospheric oxygen through a specialized plastron plate at air-water interface. Typically, they are described as micro-predators, but some, notably in tribes Macropelopiini , Procladiini , and Tanypodini , perhaps many, feed on diatoms and detritus at least in early instars. The monophyly of the subfamily is well supported ( Cranston et al. 2011; Silva & Ekrem 2016; Krosch et al. 2022), perhaps originating from the tropical region, with expectation of higher diversity in s.e. Asia. Seven of the 9 validated tribes of Tanypodinae occur in the region, lacking the Palaearctic Anatopyniini (for Anatopynia Johannsen ) and the Australian Coelopyniini (for Coelopynia Freeman ). Mature (4 th instar) larvae can be identified but earlier instars rarely can. Delimitation of genera in the ‘ Thienemannimyia group’ may be aided by a developing thoracic horn in the mature fourth instar larvae. Cephalic setation, both dorsal and central, is valuable in generic identification in this subfamily.
1 Head elongate ( Fig. 2A View FIGURE 2 ). Dorsomentum indistinct, teeth essentially absent ( Fig. 2B View FIGURE 2 ). Body lacks complete fringe......... 2
1’ Head round to oval ( Fig. 3A View FIGURE 3 ). Dorsomental teeth on transverse plate or in longitudinal rows. Body with dense lateral setal fringe ( Fig. 3B View FIGURE 3 )........................................................................................... 3
2(1) Body lacking organised lateral setal fringe on body................................................ Pentaneurini View in CoL
2’ Body segments 4–10 with 4 larger setae located anterior-laterally ( Fig. 3C View FIGURE 3 )................................ Natarsiini [ Natarsia Fittkau ; N. punctata (Meigen) common, oriental China (Guangdong); 2 spp. as ♂♂ ( Cheng & Wang 2006); Nearctic (inc. Mexico), Palaearctic, inc. Japan]
3(1) Dorsomental with teeth longitudinally aligned, not on distinct plate ( Fig.3D View FIGURE 3 ). Ligula with 6–7 teeth ( Fig. 3E View FIGURE 3 ).................................................................................................... Coelotanypodini [sole regional genus Clinotanypus Kieffer ; Indonesia (Sulawesi), Thailand, abundant, diverse esp. drying rivers. 5 spp oriental China ( Cheng & Wang 2008), Holarctic, Neotropics, Australia]
3’ Dorsomental teeth at margin of distinct plate ( Fig. 3H View FIGURE 3 ). Ligula with 4 or 5 teeth ( Fig. 3G View FIGURE 3 )........................... 4
4(3) Mandible with enlarged base and short apical tooth ( Fig. 3F View FIGURE 3 ). Lacking pseudoradula and pecten hypopharyngis.. Tanypodini [sole regional genus Tanypus Meigen is lentic, eurytolerant. Several spp. Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand; T. punctipennis Meigen , T. chinensis Wang , T. formosanus (Kieffer) , oriental China; Holarctic, Neotropical, Australia]
4’ Mandible with slender base and long apical tooth ( Fig. 3I, J, L View FIGURE 3 ). Pseudoradula ( Fig. 3K View FIGURE 3 ) and pecten hypopharyngis present.. ................................................................................................... 5
5(4) Dorsomentum with continuous toothed plate, concave-arched weakly subdivided into median and lateral sections ( Fig. 3H View FIGURE 3 ). Mandible with several rows of additional small surface teeth ( Fig. 3I View FIGURE 3 )..................................Fittkauimyiini [sole regional genus Fittkauimyia Karunakaran , Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia (Sulawesi), China; all regional records may refer to acidophilic and pollution tolerant F. disparipes Karunakaran. Holarctic, Afrotropical, Neotropical , Australia]
5’ Dorsomentum discontinuous plate, toothed in median and lateral sections ( Fig. 3J, K View FIGURE 3 ). Mandible lacks extra teeth......... 6
6(5) Mandible with weak basal tooth. Ligula with 5 dark or light teeth, paraligula bifid (rarely trifid) ( Fig. 3M View FIGURE 3 )... Macropelopiini
6’ Mandible with large basal tooth ( Fig. 3L View FIGURE 3 ). Ligula with 4–5 dark teeth; paraligula pectinate ( Fig. 3N View FIGURE 3 )........... Procladiini
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.