Cyclocephala dichroa Dechambre, 1992

Joly, Luis J., 2009, Review of the species in the Cyclocephala bicolor Laporte species group (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae), Zootaxa 2048, pp. 47-64 : 60-62

Cyclocephala dichroa Dechambre, 1992

( Figs. 2 , 11–14, 22 , 29–30 , 39 , 46–47, 53 –54, 60 , 65–66, 71–72)

Bibliography. Cyclocephala dichroa Dechambre 1992: 67 (description of male; compared with C. bicolor , C. bicolorata ), Fig. 31 (genitalia), French Guiana. Holotype male, MNHN. Type locality: French Guiana: Route du Kaw, PK12.

Description. Short, oval, moderately shiny. Brownish red, posterior part of clypeus, frons brownish red or black, vertex black, elytra testaceous, sometimes with base and a reddish brown posteriorly narrowed sutural band; dorsal surface and pygidium glabrous, ventral pubescence sparse. Length: 10.0–13.0 mm.

MALE: Clypeus ( Fig. 11 ) about 2.4 times as wide across base as long; sides straight, strongly convergent to truncate and not reflexed apex, shallowly sulcate longitudinally along middle and shallowly depressed laterally before apex, in lateral view slightly convex on apical half; surface finely alutaceous, with fine, shallow and widely annulate punctures, annulation wide, not well defined posteriorly, sometimes confluent, in which case appearing as irregular and fine, more or less transverse striae. Frontoclypeal suture ( Fig. 11 ) thin, not well defined, feebly bisinuate, but not pointed posteriorly at middle. Frons: width about 2.4 times transverse diameter of eye, finely alutaceous; punctures stronger and more discrete than those on clypeus.

Mandibles with external border sinuate, apex projecting externally. Maxillae ( Fig. 14 ) with galea moderately robust, with two apical, one median and three basal teeth, the basal teeth very small and arising from a common base; stipes projected anteriorly on inner side and with a brush of fine yellowish brown setae on apex of projection; maxillary palpi ( Fig. 22 ) moderately robust, second palpomere widened towards apex, longer than third, fourth fusiform, more than 3.0 times as long as preceding. Labium ( Fig. 13 ) with sides slightly convex on basal two-thirds, not constricted at middle of apical third; apex uniformly convex on ventral side, more arcuately produced, with small emargination at middle on oral side, fimbriate with long, fine, yellowish brown setae; surface almost flat, impunctate on disc, with one longitudinal series of long bristles on each side converging towards base.

Antennae with 10 antennomeres, club almost 2.0 times the length of antennomeres 2–7 together.

Pronotum 1.5 times as wide as long, widest near base, sides more strongly convergent to apex on anterior half; anterior border widely and arcuately projected at middle; basal angles widely rounded; basal border without marginal bead, almost uniformly arcuate, slightly more projected in central third; surface finely alutaceous (40X); punctures annulate, moderately fine and dense, the distance between most punctures on disc as long as or longer than diameter of punctures, punctures gradually larger toward sides, the diameter of a puncture about 2.0 times the diameter of those on center of disc, more dense on basal angles where the distance between most punctures is as long as or shorter than diameter of a puncture; all surface also covered with numerous minute punctures (50X or more). Scutellum triangular, sides feebly arcuate, apex briefly rounded; punctures similar to those on pronotal disc.

Elytra 1.1 times as long as wide, arcuately widened from first quarter to middle, then rounded to apex, sutural angle well defined, but rounded; humeral and apical umbones weak; a feeble, short, elongate tumescence behind humeral umbones on external border; surface smooth, with large, shallow, annulate punctures, much smaller on sides and apex, double rows not evident, also with numerous micropunctures (50X or more) scattered all over the surface; sutural interstria flat, a little elevated on apical half. Epipleura narrow, more so apically.

Pygidium almost 2.0 times as wide as long; in posterior view the inferior borders almost straight, converging to feebly convex-truncate apex in an angle distinctly greater than 90°; in lateral view ( Fig. 65 ) convex, more strongly on apical half; surface smooth, shiny, with large annulate punctures, more dense on lateral angles; on apex more shining, the punctures somewhat smaller and less dense, the distances between most punctures 1.0–2.0 times their own diameter.

Protibiae ( Fig. 29 ) tridentate, small basal tooth separated from the intermediate tooth by a distance 2.0 times as long as that between intermediate and anterior teeth; intermediate and anterior teeth well developed, basal tooth acute and anteriorly projected; apical spur almost straight, surpassing apex of first tarsomere. Protarsi ( Fig. 39 ) enlarged; tarsomere 5 shorter than 1–4 together, without ventro-internal carina, ventral side with inconspicuous longitudinal striae on inner side of apex; tarsomere 4 longitudinally striated on about apical half, tarsomere 3 usually without apical striae, sometimes (2 out of 6 males) with 1–2 striae on inner side of apex; largest claw ( Figs. 46–47 ) wide, flattened, moderately widely cleft at apex, the external border of small branch continuous with internal curvature of the claw. Metafemur ( Fig. 53 ) 2.0 times as long as its maximum width. Metatibiae ( Fig. 53 ) robust, widened at apex, bristles on diagonal carina and apex very strong. Metatarsi subequal in length to tibiae, with first tarsomere widened towards apex, with apical bristles similar to those of apex of tibiae.

Prosternal projection high, apex alutaceous, anterior part transversely oval, externally pointed; posterior part with posterior border fimbriate with long bristles.

Pronotal hypomera alutaceous, with sparse, erect setae. Mesopleura, metapleura, and sides of metasternum alutaceous, with large, dense, confluent, annulate punctures; disc of metasternum smooth, with small, scattered punctures; metacoxae with small, moderately dense punctures, more dense and confluent on posterior and external borders. Ventrites with moderately dense annulate punctures, some open posteriorly; second ventrite with strong, triangular carina along middle, from basal quarter to apex.

Aedeagus: Figs. 71–72 .

FEMALE: differs from the male in the following characters: punctation generally stronger, that of pygidium of the same size; protarsi slender; protibiae Fig. 30 ; metafemora ( Fig. 54 ) somewhat more robust; metatibiae Fig. 54 ; pygidium ( Fig. 66 ) flattened in lateral view; epipleura ( Fig. 60 ) strongly narrowed before anterior border of metacoxae, then widened up to level of middle of second ventrite.

Distribution: Venezuela, French Guiana, Brazil, and Peru. Venezuela, Brazil, and Peru are new country records.

Specimens studied: VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Culebra, P. N. Duida-Marahuaca, 3º 44’ N, 65º 46’ W, 24-26-I-1992, Exped. Terramar, J. Clavijo-A. Chacón, 1 F (MIZA). Pto. Ayacucho, 22-IV-1967, P. J. Salinas, 1 M (MIZA); 4-15-XII-1982, G. Romero, 4 F (MIZA). Rio Baría, 0º 55’ N, 66º 10’ W, 140 m, L. J. Joly-A. Chacón, 1 F (MIZA). Barinas: Reserva Forestal de Ticoporo, 230 m, 10-IV-1968, en la luz, F. Fernández Y.- L. J. Joly, 1 F (MIZA). Bolívar: El Barroso, Río Matú, 7-I-1972, J. Salcedo, 1 F (MIZA). Los Pijiguaos, 600 m, 3-13-VI-1992, Exped. MIZA, 1 M (MIZA). Río Guaniamo, 6º 45’ N, 66º 01’ W, 8-12-V-1979, 1 M (MIZA). Portuguesa: Biscucuy, 13-IV-1981, 1 M (MIZA). Táchira: Nula, 9-III-1967, L. J. Joly-V. Obregón, 2 M, 1 F (MHNLS). BRAZIL: Pará: Cachimbo, 400 m, 14/ 21-IX-1955, L. Travassos & S. Oliveira, 5 M, 1 F (HAHC). PERU: Huánuco: Tingo María, 17-V-1947, 2.200 ft, J. C. Pallister Coll. Donor Frank Johnson, 1 F (AMNH).

Other localities: FRENCH GUIANA: Route de Kau; Saül; St. Laurent ( Dechambre 1992).

Figures

FIGURE 2. Distribution of Cyclocephala dichroa (circles), and C. bicolorata (squares).

FIGURES 3 – 23. Figs. 3 – 6. Cyclocephala bicolor: 3) head frontal, 4) head lateral, 5) labium, 6) maxilla. Figs. 7 – 10. Cyclocephala bicolorata: 7) head frontal, 8) head lateral, 9) labium, 10) maxilla. Figs. 11 – 14. Cyclocephala dichroa: 11) head frontal, 12) head lateral, 13) labium, 14) maxilla. Figs. 15 – 18. Cyclocephala anibali (holotype): 15) head frontal, 16) head lateral, 17) labium, 18) maxilla. Figs. 19 – 23. Maxillary palpi: 19) C. bicolor, 20) C. bicolorata, 21) C. sarahae (holotype), 22) C. dichroa, 23) C. anibali (holotype).

FIGURE 24 – 33. Figs. 24 – 25. Cyclocephala bicolor: 24) protibiae, male; 25) protibiae, female. Figs. 26 – 27. Cyclocephala bicolorata: 26) protibiae, male; 27) protibiae, female. Fig. 28 Cyclocephala sarahae protibiae, male (holotype). Figs. 29 – 30. Cyclocephala dichroa: 29) protibiae, male; 30) protibiae, female. Figs. 31 – 32. Cyclocephala anibali: 31) protibiae, male (holotype); 32) protibiae, female (allotype). Fig. 33. Cyclocephala bicolor metatarsus.

FIGURE 34 – 48. Figs. 34 – 35. Cyclocephala bicolor male: 34) protarsus, lateral; 35) protarsus, ventral. Fig. 36. Cyclocephala bicolorata male protarsus, lateral. Figs. 37 – 38. Cyclocephala sarahae male (holotype): 37) protarsus, lateral; 38) protarsus, ventral. Fig. 39. Cyclocephala dichroa male protarsus, lateral. Fig. 40. Cyclocephala anibali male (holotype) protarsus, lateral. Figs. 41 – 42. Cyclocephala bicolor, male: 41) largest claw, apical; 42) largest claw, lateral. Fig. 43. Cyclocephala sarahae male (holotype) largest claw, apical. Figs. 44 – 45. Cyclocephala bicolorata, male: 44) largest claw, apical; 45) largest claw, lateral. Figs. 46 – 47. Cyclocephala dichroa, male: 46) largest claw, apical; 47) largest claw, lateral. Fig. 48. Cyclocephala anibali male (holotype) largest claw, apical.

FIGURES 49 – 57. Figs. 49 – 50. Cyclocephala bicolor: 49) metaleg, male; 50) metaleg, female. Figs. 51 – 52. Cyclocephala bicolorata: 51) metaleg, male; 52) metaleg female. Figs. 53 – 54. Cyclocephala dichroa: 53) metaleg, male; 54) metaleg, female. Figs. 55 – 56. Cyclocephala anibali: 55) metaleg, male (holotype); 56) metaleg, female (allotype). Fig. 57. Cyclocephala sarahae metaleg, male (holotype).

FIGURE 58 – 77. Figs. 58 – 61. Female epipleurae (ventral view): 58) Cyclocephala bicolor, 59) C. bicolorata, 60) C. dichroa, 61) C. anibali. Figs. 62 – 68. Pygidium (lateral view): 62) C. bicolor, male; 63) C. bicolorata, male; 64) C. bicolorata, female; 65) C. dichroa, male; 66) C. dichroa, female; 67) C. anibali, male (holotype); 68) C. anibali, female (allotype). Figs. 69 – 70. Cyclocephala bicolor: 69) parameres, caudal view; 70) aedeagus, lateral view. Figs. 71 – 72. Cyclocephala dichroa: 71) parameres, caudal view; 72) aedeagus, lateral view. Figs. 73 – 74. Cyclocephala bicolorata (holotype): 73) parameres, caudal view; 74) aedeagus, lateral view. Fig. 75. Cyclocephala sarahae (holotype), parameres, caudal view. Figs. 76 – 77. Cyclocephala anibali (holotype): 76) parameres, caudal view; 77) aedeagus, lateral view.