Psenulus maculatus maculatus van Lith, 1962

Taylor, Christopher K., Barthelemy, Christophe, Chi, Roy Cheung Shun & Guenard, Benoit, 2020, Review of Psenulus species (Hymenoptera, Psenidae) in the Hong Kong SAR, with description of three new species, Journal of Hymenoptera Research 79, pp. 169-211 : 169

publication ID	https://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.79.55832
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scientific name	Psenulus maculatus maculatus van Lith, 1962
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Treatment

Figs 4E-4 View Figure 4 , 5 View Figure 5 , 6 View Figure 6 , 7 View Figure 7 , 8 View Figure 8 , 9 View Figure 9 , 10 View Figure 10 , 11 View Figure 11 , 12 View Figure 12 , 13 View Figure 13 , 14 View Figure 14 , 15 View Figure 15 , 16 View Figure 16 , 17E View Figure 17 , 18I, J View Figure 18 , 19I, J View Figure 19 , 20E View Figure 20 , 21E View Figure 21

Psenulus maculatus maculatus van Lith 1962: 61-62, figs 69-72. Holotype: ♀; Malaysia, Penang, 25 mi Sungai Penang Hills; type repository unknown, formerly H.T. Pagden coll.

Material examined.

China, Hong Kong • 1♂; Tung Chung ; 22°16'55"N, 113°55'43"E; 29 May-12 Jun. 2018; C. Taylor and Cheung Shun Chi leg.; Malaise trap; HKU GoogleMaps • 1♂; Pak Sha O; 22°26'59"N, 114°19'04"E; 70 m a.s.l.; 14 May-05 Jun. 2011; C. Barthélémy; Malaise trap, ref.: M092CHy19; CBC GoogleMaps • 1♀; ibid.; 23 May 2020- 06 Jun. 2020; ibid.; ref.: M492. C.Hy. 1; CBC GoogleMaps • 1♂; Mang Kung Wo ; 22°22'06"N, 114°15'12"E; 60 m a.s.l.; 18 Aug.-01 Sep. 2018; ibid.; ref.: M362CHy8; CBC GoogleMaps • 1♂; ibid.; 04-18 May 2019; ibid.; ref.: M413CHy5; CBC GoogleMaps • 2♀; ibid.; 17-31 Mar. 2018; ibid.; ref.: M336CHy7A and B; CBC GoogleMaps • 1♀; ibid.; 28 Apr.-12 May 2018; ibid.; ref.: M345CHy2; CBC GoogleMaps • 1♀; ibid.; 4-18 Aug. 2019; ibid.; ref.: M359CHy7; CBC GoogleMaps • 1♀; ibid.; 01-15 Sep. 2019; ibid.; ref.: M365CHy7; CBC GoogleMaps • 1♀; ibid.; 9-23 May. 2020; ibid.; ref.: M489CHy2; CBC GoogleMaps • 1♂; ibid.; 17 Aug. 2020 - 01 Sep. 2020; ibid.; ref.: M509CHy2; CBC GoogleMaps .

Standard ratios.

Males (n = 5): L = 5.-6.6 mm (mean = 5.9 mm); CR = 1.21-1.33 (mean = 1.28); OOR = 0.76-0.89 (mean = 0.84); FLR = 1.00-1.23 (mean = 1.09); FRR = 0.66-0.70 (mean = 0.69); MR = 1.35-1.61 (mean = 1.54); OMR = 0.94-1.01 (mean = 0.97); PR = 0.7-2.53 (mean = 1.21); PFR = 0.88-1.05 (mean = 0.94). Females (n = 7): L = 6.4-7.1 mm (mean = 6.53 mm); CR = 1.22-1.35 (mean = 1. 28); OOR = 0.71-0.86 (mean = 0.77); FLR = 1.25-1.5 (mean = 1.38); FRR = 0.60-0.67 (mean = 0.64); MR = 1.36-1.64 (mean = 1.47); OMR = 0.89-0.99 (mean = 0.92); PR = 1.05-1.83 (mean = 1.32); PFR = 0.82-0.94 (mean = 0.87).

Description.

Male: Antenna with small tyloids present on F7 to F11. Clypeus (Fig. 21E View Figure 21 ) with two acute ventral teeth separated by rounded emargination, remainder of clypeal margin evenly rounded. Subantennal carina well developed (Fig. 7E View Figure 7 ); interantennal carina narrow, not broadened dorsally, Mesosoma mostly polished, mesoscutum moderately punctate with punctures separated by about their own diameter (Fig. 11E View Figure 11 ), remainder of mesosoma more sparsely punctate; prescutal sutures short, ending about anterior level of tegula; episternal sulcus broadly foveolate (Fig. 13E View Figure 13 ); propodeal enclosure with few pairs of longitudinal carinae; remainder of propodeum coarsely reticulate (Fig. 15E View Figure 15 ) except narrowly smooth anterolaterally. Petiole subcylindrical, T1 distinctly swollen (Fig. 5E View Figure 5 ). Fore wing (Fig. 19J View Figure 19 ) with first recurrent vein joining first submarginal cell near apex; second recurrent vein joining third submarginal cell near base.

Head black with appressed silvery pubescence (Figs 7E View Figure 7 , 9E View Figure 9 ); antenna with most of scape, venter of pedicel and venter of flagellum basally yellow, dorsoapical spot on scape, dorsum of pedicel and remainder of flagellum blackish; mandible yellow with black tip. Mesosoma mostly black, the following yellow (Figs 5E View Figure 5 , 11E View Figure 11 , 13E View Figure 13 ): pronotal collar, pronotal lobe; mesoscutum with two longitudinal submedian stripes inside prescutal sutures, broadening posteriorly, ending prior to posterior margin of mesoscutum, often narrowed or absent in anterior half of mesoscutum, long posterolateral spot also present on mesoscutum; tegula; large spot on axilla; broad anteromedian spot on scutellum, as well as narrow stripe along posterior margin laterally behind wing insertion; metanotum; mesopleuron with two spots dorsally anterior and posterior to oblique mesopleural suture; propodeum with paired spots posteriodorsally and laterally. Legs mostly yellow, coxae black basally; fore and mid femora posteriorly brown; hind trochanter and dorsum of hind femur brown; hind tibia and tarsus reddish. S1 yellow at very base of petiole, otherwise blackish; T1 dark brown mediobasally; remainder of metasoma mostly reddish except apex of metasoma dark brown.

Female: Clypeus with marginal teeth larger than in male (Fig. 20E View Figure 20 ). Subantennal carina well developed (Fig. 7E View Figure 7 ); interantennal carina narrow, not broadened dorsally, Mesosoma mostly polished, mesoscutum moderately punctate with punctures separated by about their own diameter (Fig. 11E View Figure 11 ), remainder of mesosoma more sparsely punctate; prescutal sutures short, ending about anterior level of tegula; episternal sulcus broadly foveolate (Fig. 13E View Figure 13 ), propodeal enclosure with few pairs of longitudinal carinae. Propodeum mostly smooth (Fig. 14E View Figure 14 ), coarse reticulations restricted to marginal ridge along transition between posterior and lateral surfaces. Hind tibia with dorsobasal array of short denticles associated with elongate red spines basad to distinct dorsal groove (Fig. 18I View Figure 18 ), and transverse row of short red spines antero-apically. Petiole subcylindrical, T1 distinctly swollen (Fig. 5E View Figure 5 ). Pygidial plate narrow, delineated by distinct carinae that diverge anteriorly (Fig. 16E View Figure 16 ). Fore wing (Fig. 19J View Figure 19 ) with first recurrent vein joining first submarginal cell near apex; second recurrent vein joining third submarginal cell near base.

Head black with appressed silvery pubescence (Figs 7E View Figure 7 , 9E View Figure 9 ); antenna with most of scape, venter of pedicel and venter of flagellum basally yellow, dorsoapical spot on scape, dorsum of pedicel and remainder of flagellum blackish; mandible yellow with black tip. Mesosoma mostly black, the following yellow (Figs 5E View Figure 5 , 11E View Figure 11 , 13E View Figure 13 ): pronotal collar, pronotal lobe; mesoscutum with two longitudinal submedian stripes inside prescutal sutures, broadening posteriorly, ending prior to posterior margin of mesoscutum, often narrowed or absent in anterior half of mesoscutum, long posterolateral spot also present on mesoscutum; tegula; large spot on axilla; broad anteromedian spot on scutellum, as well as narrow stripe along posterior margin laterally behind wing insertion; metanotum; mesopleuron with two spots dorsally anterior and posterior to oblique mesopleural suture; propodeum with paired spots posteriodorsally and laterally, larger than in male, may be merged into single posterior patch. Legs mostly yellow, coxae black basally; fore and mid femora posteriorly brown; hind trochanter and dorsum of hind femur brown; hind tibia and tarsus reddish. S1 yellow at very base of petiole, otherwise blackish; T1 dark brown mediobasally; remainder of metasoma mostly reddish except apex of metasoma dark brown.

Distribution.

*China (Hong Kong); Malaysia (Penang), Singapore. (van Lith 1962, 1976).

Notes.

The coloration of the mesoscutum has previously been described as having two submedian triangular marks in the posterior half but specimens from Hong Kong vary from as described to having longitudinal yellow stripes extending most of the length of the mesoscutum. Males of this species can readily be distinguished from other Psenulus in the Hong Kong SAR by the presence of tyloids on the underside of the distal antennal segments; females can be distinguished by their prominent subantennal carina and an array of long red spines dorsobasally on the hind femur. Psenulus maculatus also differs from other Hong Kong Psenulus in having the fore and mid femora partially brown instead of entirely yellow.

Psenulus maculatus maculatus was previously known from the Malaysian Peninsula with other subspecies known from Java and Sri Lanka (van Lith 1962, 1978). The discovery of this species in Hong Kong is a new record for China and also extends notably the known distribution of the taxon.

It is the least common of all species and its occurrence confirmed at only three of the 20 sites sampled and never very abundant at any of these sites. Its activity period is the second shortest (after P. ephippius ) and spans from March (W11) to September (W38).