Phaenoglyphis Förster, 1869

Vogel, Jonathan, Peters, Ralph S., Selfa, Jesús & Ferrer-Suay, Mar, 2024, Characterising the north-western European species of Phaenoglyphis Förster, 1869 (Hymenoptera: Figitidae: Charipinae) with novel insights from DNA barcode data, Biodiversity Data Journal 12, pp. e 120950-e 120950 : e120950-

Phaenoglyphis Förster, 1869

Diagnosis

Morphological diagnosis

Like in Alloxysta , the metasomal tergites are not fused in Phaenoglyphis . It is the only genus which has a mesopleural sulcus, which differentiates it from Alloxysta and other charipine genera. The presence of notauli and the presence and shape of the scutellar foveae are also unique for many Phaenoglyphis species within the charipines (though both notauli and scutellar foveae are absent in some Phaenoglyphis species).

Molecular diagnosis

A 6 bp deletion is characteristic for the genus Phaenoglyphis . It is unique within Figitidae and shared with Ibalia Latreille, 1802 (Fig. 1 ). The two-amino-acid deletion of Phaenoglyphis and Ibalia is located at the same position as the deletion of a Pompilidae species reported by Park et al. (2010) and of all Eurytomidae reported recently by Jafari et al. (2023). The gap is roughly at bp-position 476 et seqq., though its exact location is difficult to conclude upon as the site is overall very variable. It might be that the gap is, in fact, not homologous with the gap in Pompilidae and Eurytomidae . In other closely-related taxa ( Alloxysta , Apocharips and Dilyta ), the six here present base pairs code for arguably random amino acids (Fig. 1 ).

Figures

Figure 1. Barcode alignment excerpt showing the 6 bp deletion that is present in all studied Phaenoglyphis specimens and species as well as in Ibalia (Ibaliidae) and some more distantly-related Hymenoptera taxa. The non- Charipinae sequences were accessed via BOLD and were chosen, based on previously reported gaps in the CO 1 barcode region.