Acmopolynema Ogloblin 1946

TRIAPITSYN, SERGUEI V. & BEREZOVSKIY, VLADIMIR V., 2007, Review of the Oriental and Australasian species of Acmopolynema, with taxonomic notes on Palaeoneura and Xenopolynema stat. rev. and description of a new genus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), Zootaxa 1455 (1), pp. 1-68 : 6-8

Acmopolynema Ogloblin 1946

( Figs 1 –72)

Acmopolynema Ogloblin 1946: 286 ; Annecke & Doutt 1961: 34; Schauff 1981: 444–446; Schauff 1984: 54–55; Fidalgo 1989: 6–10; Yoshimoto 1990: 75–78; Hayat & Anis 1999: 297–299; Berezovskiy & Triapitsyn 2001: 2–3; Xu & Lin 2002: 142. Type species: Stichothrix bifasciatipennis Girault , by original designation.

Granguriella Soyka 1956: 17 (misspelling).

Grangeriella Soyka 1956: 17 ; Annecke & Doutt 1961: 35. Type species: G. indochinensis Soyka , by monotypy and original designation. Synonymy under Acmopolynema by Hayat & Anis 1999: 297.

Neonarayanella Husain & Farooqi 1996: 83 . Type species: Maidliella orientalis Narayanan, Subba Rao & Kaur , by monotypy and original designation. Synonymy under Acmopolynema by Hayat & Anis 1999: 297.

Baburia Hedqvist 2004: 235 , 238. Type species: B. narendrani Hedqvist , by original designation. Syn. n.

Diagnosis

Body length from about 0.8 mm to about 4.0 mm, usually 2.0± 0.5 mm.

Color. General body color variable, from yellow to black, usually light brown to brown to dark brown. Legs usually somewhat lighter, color of antennal segments variable, from white to dark brown.

Head. Torulus at or slightly (rarely significantly) above mid level of eye. Mandible tridentate.

Antenna. Scape with cross-ridges on inner surface or smooth. Female funicle 6-segmented, all segments more or less cylindrical, longitudinal sensilla usually absent on funicle segments but sometimes present on F5 (1) and/or F6 (1 or 2); clava entire, usually with 9 longitudinal sensilla, sometimes with 7 or 8, and rarely with 12. Male flagellum 11-segmented.

Mesosoma. Propleura abutting each other anteriorly along midline, the prosternum thus closed anteriorly. Neck of pronotum divided mediolongitudinally, pronotal collar usually undivided, but sometimes with a complete or incomplete, often inconspicuous, medial ridge that may give a false impression, particularly on slidemounted specimens, that it is mediolongitudinally divided by a suture. [This character may make the key to the Neotropical species of Acmopolynema by Fidalgo (1989) difficult to use in some cases.] Pronotum, mesoscutum (particularly at the anterior margin and lateral lobes), and scutellum sometimes with inconspicuous (rarely conspicuous), mostly cellulate sculpture. Mesoscutum with distinct notauli; axilla sometimes with several foveae; axillar seta of different length and strength, sometimes blunt; scutellar sensilla closer to (sometimes at) anterior than posterior margin of scutellum; scutellum with or without frenal foveae. Propodeum mostly smooth, with incomplete or complete V-shaped submedial carinae (sometimes with anterior branches), very rarely submedial carinae greatly reduced (point-like); occasionally with a complete or incomplete medial groove, extending from the anterior margin of propodeum.

Wings. Forewing with marginal vein usually with one (the distal) dorsal macrochaeta and one short ventral seta at apex, very rarely with just one (apical) dorsal macrochaeta ( indochinense and orientale species groups commonly with two dorsal macrochaetae and an apical ventral seta); blade hyaline, or evenly or unevenly infuscate, or banded or spotted, with chaetotaxy extremely variable, but with at least two types of setae present, one of them modified setae of type F, often with other types of modified setae. Hind wing narrow, typical of the Polynema -group of genera.

Legs. Tarsi 4-segmented. Metacoxa and/or metafemur sometimes reticulate.

Metasoma distinctly petiolate. Petiole much longer than wide, cylindrical, attached posteriorly to gastral sternum; ovipositor length variable. Male genitalia elongate, digiti without hooks, usually straight and long, rarely short (Fig. 72).

Comments

Most of the described and also the undescribed Oriental species of Acmopolynema belong to the informal orientale species group (which corresponds to the synonymized genus Neonarayanella Husain & Farooqi ), defined here as having the forewing blade with conspicuous rows of modified setae and usually 2 dorsal macrochaetae on the marginal vein. The latter is a primitive feature; the apparently more derived species of Acmopolynema from the New World have only one dorsal macrochaeta. Most species in the orientale species group have a sexually dimorphic forewing: male forewing is usually less pigmented and has a different chaetotaxy than in the female. Placement of the remaining Oriental and Australasian taxa in particular species groups, as defined by Yoshimoto (1990) for the New World and also herein, is not clear. Therefore, we do not assign some of them to any particular species group although A. indochinense (Soyka) , A. bimaculatum Subba Rao , A. lurindu sp. n., A. nupta sp. n., and possibly A. neznakomka sp. n. may be related and thus are placed in the informal indochinense species group, characterized by a relatively densely setose forewing (the marginal vein usually has 2 dorsal macrochaetae but sometimes only 1 such macrochaeta) and short submedial carinae on the propodeum.

Biology

Host associations and other biological information on the Old World species of Acmopolynema are unknown. Based on examination of voucher specimens (CNCI) of the records of an Acmopolynema sp. from eggs of Hindola striata Maa ( Hemiptera : Machaerotidae ) on clove trees in Java, Indonesia, by Mardiningsih et al. (1990) and Balfas et al. (1990), it was found that they belong to an undetermined species of Himopolynema Taguchi (Triapitsyn 2002) . The extralimital (from the New World) species of Acmopolynema are known from the eggs of some Cercopidae and Cicadellidae (Hemiptera) , and also Gryllidae (Orthoptera) ( Huber 1986).

Distribution

New World except Chile and Alaska ( USA), also known from the Afrotropical (including Madagascar [new record, several undescribed species were recognized by S.V. Triapitsyn and V.V. Berezovskiy, unpublished data]), Oriental, and eastern Palaearctic regions as well as Australia (Queensland) [new record], Papua New Guinea [new record], and the Hawaiian Islands ( USA).

Figures

FIGURES 1–3. Acmopolynema tachikawai (female, India). 1. Antenna. 2. Propodeum. 3. Forewing.