Haplophyllum ermenekense Ulukus & Tugay, 2018

Ulukus, Deniz & Tugay, Osman, 2018, Haplophyllum ermenekense (Rutaceae), a new species from Turkey, PhytoKeys 111, pp. 119-131 : 119

Haplophyllum ermenekense Ulukus & Tugay sp. nov. Figs 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6

Diagnosis.

Haplophyllum ermenekense most resembles the closely related H. myrtifolium . It differs from H. myrtifolium by its inflorescence usually lax form (versus dense), sepals ovate or ovate-oblong (versus lanceolate or lanceolate-oblong) and deciduous in fruit (versus persistent in fruit), petals 4-5.5 × 1.5-2.5 mm (versus 6.5-9.5 × 3.5-4.5 mm), capsule 2-2.5 × 3-4 mm (versus 3-3.5 × 5-6 mm) and glabrous (in contrast to not glabrous), with a conspicuous usually erect appendage on the outer upper surface (versus incurved appendage on the outer upper portion).

Type.

TURKEY. C4 Karaman; Ermenek, limestone slopes, steppe, 1200 m alt., 36°37.356'N, 32°51.543'E, 21 June 2014, O.Tugay 9641 & Ulukuş (holotype: KNYA; isotype: ANK, GAZI)

Description.

Perennial herbs, 25-45 cm; woody at the base with usually ascending or barely erect flowering stem with sterile shoots; stems simple below the inflorescence, furnished with rather crisped, flexuose hairs or seldom patent hairs, punctate glands. Leaves varying 8-20 × 2-8 mm, usually lanceolate or lanceolate-elliptic, both surfaces ± densely covered with flexuose-appressed to crisped white hairs, densely furnished with small, dark punctate glands; with sterile shoots present in the leaf-axils. Inflorescence lax, 4-12 cm in diameter, 10-50 flowered, the branches with flexuose hairs, with numerous punctate glands. Bracts numerous, linear-lanceolate, all ± densely white-pilose. Sepals ovate, ovate-oblong, fused at the extreme base, obtuse, white-lanate, 1-1.25 × 0.75-1 mm, with very small glands, deciduous in fruit. Petals obovate, glabrous, 4-5.5 × 1.5-2.5 mm, white, with numerous very small glands. Filaments free, narrow, somewhat expanded in the lower half, 3.5-4 mm, bearded with long hairs within about the central half, with glands very small; anthers yellow, oblong, 1.5-2 mm, Ovary segments 5, glabrous, with small acute tuberculate glands below, conical apical appendage, loculi biovulate; style glabrous, slender, 3 mm. Capsule 2-2.5 × 3-4 mm, glabrous, with a conspicuous usually erect appendage on the outer upper surface; seeds reniform, grey to black 1.25-1.5 × 1-1.15 mm, with widely spaced transverse ridges.

Paratypes.

TURKEY. C4 Karaman; Ermenek, Kazancı, limestone slopes, steppe, 1000 m alt., 36°28.872'N, 32°54.433'E, 21 June 2014, O.Tugay 9642 & Ulukuş (KNYA); 16 July 2012, O.Tugay 8116 & Ulukuş (KNYA); Kazancı, limestone slopes, 1200 m alt., 36°30.072'N, 32°52.433'E, 10 July 2016, O.Tugay 13.175 & Ertuğrul (KNYA).

Ecology.

Haplophyllum ermenekense is endemic to Turkey. It grows at altitudes between 980 and 1200 m on limestone slopes amongst bushes (e.g. Quercus coccifera L., Juniperus oxycedrus L., Pistacia terrebinthus M.Bieb. etc.). Plant diversity in this place is mainly composed of herbaceous and suffruticose plants including Adonis flammea Jacq., Aegilops cylindrica Host, Aethionema stylosum DC., Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik., Centaurea virgata Lam., Digitalis cariensis Boiss. ex Jaub. & Spach, Ebenus plumosa Boiss. & Bal. subsp. speciosa Boiss.& Bal., Glaucium corniculatum (L.) Rud. subsp. corniculatum , Glaucium leiocarpum Boiss., Hyoscyamus aureus L., Hyoscyamus niger L., Isatis ermenekense Yıld., Micromeria cristata (Hampe) Griseb. subsp. cristata , Salvia albimaculata Hedge & Hub-Mor. and Salvia aucheri Bentham var. canescens Boiss. & Heldr.

Phenology.

Flowering time was observed at the end of July and August, mature fruits were collected in September.

Etymology.

The name of Ermenek town where new species found is given to the species epithet.

Proposed Turkish name for the new species.

Ermenek sedosu.

Distribution and conservation status.

H. ermenekense is endemic to Karaman province. It is an element belonging to the east Mediterranean phytogeographic region (Fig. 1 ). The range of this new species is limited to a single locality and its area of occupancy is estimated to be less than 5 km or 5 km2. The number of mature individual plants is estimated to be less than 250. As it is perennial, this new species has a crucial advantage for its future as destruction of the bushes by local people, road construction and deterioration of habitats may cause some threats. Thus, according to criterion D, it can be included in the EN (Endangered) category ( IUCN 2001; 2016).

Figures

Figure 1. Distribution map of Haplophyllum ermenekense (∆), Haplophyllum myrtifolium (□) in Turkey.

Figure 2. Line drawing of Haplophyllum ermenekense. A habit B petal of H. ermenekense C petal of H. myrtifolium D calyx of H. ermenekense E calyx of H. myrtifolium F stamen of H. myrtifolium G stamen H. ermenekense H capsule of H. myrtifolium I capsule of H. ermenekense J flower of H. ermenekense (Drawn from the holotype by O. Tugay).

Figure 3. General view of habit and flowers: A, B H. ermenekense C, D H. myrtifolium.

Figure 4. Capsules, A H. ermenekense B H. myrtifolium.

Figure 5. SEM photographs of seeds Haplophyllum species. A, B H. ermenekense (O. Tugay 8116 & D. Ulukus) C, D H. myrtifolium (O. Tugay 8535 & D. Ulukus).

Figure 6. SEM micrographs of the pollen grains. A, B equatorial view and exine sculpturing of H. ermenekense (O. Tugay 9641 & D. Ulukus) C, D equatorial view and exine sculpturing of H. myrtifolium (D. Ulukus 1467 & O. Tugay).