Penniverpa epidema Webb

Webb, Donald W. & Metz, Mark A., 2008, A revision of the New World genus Penniverpa Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae), Zootaxa 1720, pp. 1-45 : 15-17

Penniverpa epidema Webb spec. nov.

( Figs. 24–29, 81 , 88 )

Etymology. Epidemos (Greek) = prevalent, common to a large number. This name is used as an adjective.

Diagnosis. The male of Penniverpa epidema is similar to P. bradleyi and P. unispinosa in having setae absent medially on the posterior margin of sternite 8 ( Fig. 24). It differs from these species in lacking dark macrosetae on the gonocoxite ( Fig. 24), the PVL of the ventral lobe present as a basal, narrow, spinous projection ( Fig. 25), and the LGP of the gonostylus being sigmoid in shape ( Fig. 25). The female of Penniverpa epidema possesses abdominal pubescence as in Figure 81 ; the females of Penniverpa bradleyi and P. unispinosa are unknown.

Description of MALE. Variation (n=10).

Body length 6.2–8.4, 7.1 mm.

Head. Length 0.72–0.98, 0.84 mm. Ommatidia of equal size. Frons pubescence white, dense becoming grayish black dorsally; setae absent. Antenna dark reddish brown, basal half of first flagellomere yellowish brown, scape pubescence silver, dense; antenna/head length 0.6–0.9, 0.7; scape length 0.13–0.18, 0.15 mm, width 0.10–0.12, 0.10 mm, length/width 1.2–1.8, 1.4, scape/pedicel length 1.6–2.3, 1.8, scape/flagellum width 0.9–1.3, 1.0, setae dark reddish brown, short, sparse; pedicel length 0.08–0.09, 0.08 mm, length/width 0.7– 0.9, 0.8; flagellum length 0.36–0.44, 0.39 mm, width 0.09–0.11, 0.10 mm, length/width 3.3–4.2, 3.7, flagellum/scape length 2.1–3.1, 2.6. Maxillary palpus dark brown; length 0.32–0.40, 0.37 mm, length/width 4.5– 6.3, 5.6; setae dark reddish brown. Genal setae white. Occipital setae white, elongate, sparse dorsally; macrosetae extending in single row ventrally from lateral end of postocular macrosetae.

Thorax. Macrosetae 3 np, 2 sa. Mesonotum pubescence silver gray, dense; vittae indistinct; setae dark brown, erect intermixed with white, appressed setae. Pleuron pubescence gray; setae white on propleuron, anepisternum, katepisternum, laterotergite, and scutellum. Wing. Membrane pale smoky brown; veins brown; length 5.3–6.5, 6.0 mm, width 1.9–2.3, 2.1 mm, length/width 2.5–3.1, 2.8; pterostigma brown, narrow. Halter pale brown. Legs. Coxal setae white; hind coxa with anterior papillate knob. Femora reddish brown; ventral setae white on fore– and midfemora, white dorsally; av 1:0:1, pv 0:0:2–6. Tibiae and tarsi dark reddish brown.

Abdomen. Dark brown, pubescence white across posterior margin of tergite 1 and over all of tergites 2–7; dorsal setae white, elongate, appressed, dense across posterior margins. Terminalia (MEI 075160). Dark brown. Sternite 8 ( Fig. 24), setae dark brown, absent medially on posterior margin. Gonocoxite ventral view ( Fig. 24), setae dark brown; ventral lobe ( Fig. 25), PVL in form of large, basal, spinous projection. Gonostylus ( Fig. 25), LGP with distinctive sigmoid shape, apical macrosetae black, coarse, VMP elongate, apical setae dark yellow. Aedeagus with dorsal apodeme ( Fig. 26), anterior margin truncate; ventral apodeme ( Fig. 27), extending to anterior margin of dorsal apodeme; distiphallus dorsal view ( Fig. 26) tapered posterior with dorsal spinous projections, ventral view ( Fig. 27) AAP narrow, curved posteriorly with apical and subapical spinous projections, lateral view ( Fig. 28), tapered posteriorly in broad curved.

FEMALE. Similar to male except for following. Variation (n=10).

Body length 6.8–8.0, 7.3 mm.

Head. Length 0.74–0.90, 0.85 mm. Frons pubescence dark brown, silver gray ventrally; setae dark brown, short on dorsal half. Antenna/head length 0.71–0.86, 0.77; scape length 0.14–0.18, 0.17 mm, width 0.10–0.11, 0.10 mm, length/width 1.4–1.8, 1.6, scape/pedicel length 1.7–2.3, 2.0, scape/flagellum width 0.8–1.0, 0.9; pedicel length 0.08–0.10, 0.09 mm, length/width 0.8–0.9, 0.8; flagellum length 0.38–0.44, 0.40 mm, width 0.10–0.12, 0.12 mm, length/width 3.2–3.8, 3.5, flagellum/scape length 2.1–2.7, 2.4. Maxillary palpus length 0.32–0.40, 0.37 mm, length/width 4.8–6.3, 5.5; setae dark brown, pale yellow apically. Occipital macrosetae scattered.

Thorax. Macrosetae 2–3 np, 1–2 sa. Wing. Length 5.3–6.2, 5.9 mm, width 1.7–2.0, 1.8 mm, length/width 2.8–3.8, 3.2. Legs. Anteroventral macrosetae 1–2:0–3:1–5, pv 0:0:1.9.

Abdomen. Reddish brown ( Fig. 81 ), pubescence white, dense on posterolaterally on tergites 1–3, dense over all of tergites 5–7; dorsal setae pale whitish yellow. Terminalia (MEI 156067). Furca ( Fig. 29) oblong; length 0.78 mm, width 0.30 mm; anterolateral projection short.

Distribution. Penniverpa epidema is known from Mexico south to Panama ( Fig. 88 ).

Habitats and Phenology. Penniverpa epidema has been hand-netted on coastal dunes, along the forest edge on beaches or collected in black light and Malaise traps during each month of the year.

Specimens examined. Type specimens. The holotype male of Penniverpa epidema Webb (MEI 007609) is labeled “ COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, 10 km W San Miguel, 22.II.1991, malaise trap, M. E. Irwin, D. W.

Webb“ and is deposited in the INHS. PARATYPES. BELIZE. Ambergris Caye [17.9167, -87.95], Journeys End Caribbean Club, 10–17.I.1990, Welch J.L., Kondratieff B.C., 1Ψ MEI 0 75510 (CSUC); San Pedro, Ambergris Cay [17.921, -87.959], 0–10 m, –. VIII.1980, Krauss, N.L.H., 2ɗ MEI 0 76034, 0 76036 (AMNH). COSTA RICA. G UANACASTE. Estacion Biologica Nancite [10.8, -85.7], 0 m, –. VII.1990, Alcazar, E., 1Ψ INB 270758 (INBC); S Cañas [10.43, -85.1], 1–3.II.1989, Parker, F.D., 1Ψ MEI 170147 (EMUS); 1– 5.III.1989, Parker, F.D., 1Ψ MEI 170148 (EMUS); 7.V–10.V.1989, Parker, F.D., 1Ψ MEI 170149 (EMUS); Parque Manuel Antonio Quepos [9.45, -84.15], 0 m, 8.III.1986, Irwin, M.E., 1ɗ MEI 0 88498 (MEIC), coastal dunes; Parque Nacional Santa Rosa, Liberia, Stor Santa Rosa [10.84, -85.62], 300 m, –. XII.1998, Sullivan J., Perez A.A., 1Ψ INB 3070332 (INBC), Malaise trap, bosque humedo; –. I.1999, 1 Ψ INB 3067188 (INBC); –. II.1999, 2 Ψ INB 3073711, 3073834 (INBC); –. III.1999, 7 Ψ INB 3071457, 3071461–2, 3071849, 3071851, 3071863, 3071866 (INBC); –. IV.1999, 5 Ψ INB 3074261–3, 3074265, 3074283 (INBC); –. XII.1999, Janzen, 1Ψ INB 3066958 (INBC); –. I.1999, Sullivan J., Perez A.A., 3Ψ INB 3070932, 3070972, 3071055 (INBC), Malaise trap; –. III.1999, 1 Ψ INB 3068961 (INBC), Malaise trap; Caldera [9.95, -84.716], 20.II.1991, Webb, D.W., Irwin, M.E., 1ɗ MEI 0 0 7608 (INHS); 10 km W San Miguel [10.4, -85.04], 22.II.1991, Irwin, M.E., Webb D.W., 5ɗ MEI 007609–13 (INHS), Malaise trap; 23.II.1991, Webb D.W., Irwin, M.E., 2ɗ MEI 0 0 7606, 0 0 7614 (INHS), Malaise trap; 25.II.1991, Parker, F.D., 1Ψ MEI 141484 (EMUS), Malaise trap; 26.II.1991, 1ɗ MEI 141513 (EMUS), Malaise trap; 2.III.1991, 3Ψ MEI 141483, 141516, 141559 (EMUS), Malaise trap; 8.III.1991, 1Ψ MEI 0 35037 (EMUS), Malaise trap; 10.III.1991, 1ɗ MEI 141445 (EMUS); 14–17. III.1991, 2 ɗ MEI 141589, 141618 (EMUS), Malaise trap; 18.III.1991, 1ɗ MEI 141615 (EMUS), Malaise trap; 17.IV.1991, 1Ψ MEI 141551 (EMUS), Malaise trap; 13–20. V.1991, 1 Ψ MEI 0 35036 (EMUS), Malaise trap; 14 km S Cañas [10.304, -85.1], 1–11.I.1990, Parker, F.D., 1Ψ MEI 0 37012 (MEIC); 19–28. II.1990, 1 ɗ MEI 141795 (EMUS); 23–26.II.1990, Parker, F.D., 1Ψ MEI 170134 (EMUS); 23–28.II.1990, Parker, F.D., 1Ψ MEI 170135 (EMUS); 8–15. III.1990, 1 ɗ MEI 0 75160 (EMUS); 22–31. III.1990, 1 ɗ MEI 0 75148, 2Ψ MEI 0 72857, 0 75147 (EMUS); 23–31. III.1990, 1 Ψ MEI 0 75150 (EMUS); 1–7.IV.1990, Parker, F.D., 1ɗ; MEI 170146 (EMUS); 16–23. IV.1990, 1 Ψ MEI 141785 (EMUS); 22–31. V.1990, 2 ɗ MEI 075145–6 (MEIC); 20.I– 12.II.1991, Parker, F.D., 1Ψ MEI 170133 (EMUS); 11–20. VIII.1991, 1 ɗ MEI 141804 (EMUS); Tamarindo [10.433, -85.267], 6.XI.1977, Irwin, M.E., 1ɗ MEI 0 88483 (MEIC); 27–29.III.1987, Steiner, W.E., Hill, J.M., 1Ψ MEI 116842 (USNM), Malaise trap; 9 km SW; Cañas [10.373, -85.157], 13.V.1987, Rubink, W.L., 1Ψ MEI 170136 (MEIC); Parque Nacional Santa Rosa, Playa Naranjo [10.78, -85.67], 0 m, –. XII.1990, Alcazar, E., 1ɗ INB 639207 (INBC); 11.VI.2001, Briceno D., 4ɗ INB 3332833, 3332846, 3332848, 3332850, 3Ψ 3332835, 3332840–1 (INBC), forest edge on beach. P UNTARENAS. Reserva Biologica Carara, North Rio Grande del Tarcoles, 1500 m, 14.II.1989, Grimaldi, D., DeVries, 1ɗ MEI 0 88223 (AMNH); Boca de Barranca [9.967, -84.733], 12–14.VI.1972, Hogue, Dockweiler, 1ɗ MEI 141617 (LACM); Parque Nacional Corcovado, Estación Sirena, Sendaro Corcovado [8.48, -83.59], 10 m, 21.III–21.IV.1992, Fuetes, Z., 3Ψ INB 886084, 886086, 886123 (INBC); 27.IV.2001, Caballero, K., 1ɗ INB 3327588, 1Ψ 3327587 (INBC); Puerto Jimenez, Osa Peninsula [8.533, -83.317], 10 m, –. III.1992, Hanson, P., 1ɗ; MEI 123801 (CNC); North Rio Grande del Tarcoles, 1500 m, 14.II.1989, Grimaldi, D., DeVries, 1ɗ MEI 0 88223 (AMNH). GUATEMALA. Z ACAPA. 2 km N San Agostín, Tenexte [14.939, -89.981], 400 m, 25–30.V.1997, Irwin, M.E., Gaimari S.D., Metz M.A., Holston K.C., Winterton S.L., 2ɗ MEI 110467 –8 (MEIC). HONDURAS. ISLAS de la BAHIA. [Roatan], Isla Roatan [16.335, -86.521], 12.II.1979, Bohart, G.E., 1ɗ MEI 170150 (EMUS). MEXICO. Nacazara, 25.VII.1907, 1ɗ OSU 0 0 11352 (OSU). GUERRERO. Acapulco [16.85, -99.917], 27.XII.1979, Butze J., 1Ψ MEI 0 87776 (UNAM). JALISCO. 62.5 km S Puerto Vallarta [20.038, -105.24], 9.VII.1982, 1ɗ MEI 0 88509 (SDMC); Chamela, Estacion de Biologia Chamela [19.61, -105.05], 4.X.1985, collector?, 1Ψ; MEI 170143 (EMUS), Malaise trap; 15.VII.1986, Sánchez, M., 1Ψ MEI 170142 (EMUS); 4–5.VII.1993, Wharton, Sharkey, 5Ψ MEI 103338–42 (EBCC), Malaise trap; 9.IV.1985, Ayala, R., 1ɗ MEI 103317 (EBCC); 3.VI.1988, Ramírez E., 1Ψ MEI 103332 (EBCC), Malaise trap; 11.VI.1988, 2Ψ MEI 103335–6 (EBCC), Malaise trap; 6.VII.1988, 1ɗ MEI 103318, 1Ψ MEI 103331 (EBCC); 19.X.1988, 1Ψ MEI 103334 (EBCC), Malaise trap; 9.I.1989, 1Ψ MEI 103330 (EBCC), Malaise trap; 5.VI.1989, 1Ψ MEI 103328 (EBCC), Malaise trap; 3.VII.1989, 3Ψ MEI 103324–5, 103327 (EBCC), Malaise trap; 17.VII.1989, 3Ψ MEI 103326, 103329, 103333 (EBCC), Malaise trap; 22–27.VII.1994, Mercado I., 1ɗ MEI 103319, 1Ψ 103337 (EBCC), Malaise trap; 13.IX.1985, Usela R.A., 1ɗ MEI 103321 (EBCC); 10.X.1985, 1Ψ MEI 103323 (EBCC); 10.VIII.1986, 1ɗ MEI 103316 (EBCC); La Manzanilla [19.27, -104.78], 24.X.1992, Ramírez E., 1Ψ MEI 103343 (EBCC); Careyes [19.433, -105.033], 12.II–19.III.1997, Parker, F.D., 1ɗ MEI 101152, 1Ψ 101341 (EMUS); Puerto Vallarta [20.604, -105.236], 25.I.1984, Bohart, G.E., 1ɗ MEI 170141, 1Ψ 170140 (EMUS). M ORELOS. 11.8 km S Yautepec [18.764, -99.07], 16.VIII.1962, Marston N., 2ɗ MEI 0 88459, 0 88476 (KSUC); 17.VIII.1962, 2ɗ MEI 0 88475, 0 88477 (KSUC). NAYARIT. 8.1 km S Acaponeta [22.427, -105.37], 26.XI.1948, 1ɗ MEI 156073 (MEIC); San Blas, La Bajada [21.5, -105.15], 20–21.III.1983, Hanson, W.J., 2ɗ MEI 170138 –9, 1Ψ MEI 170137 (EMUS). S INALOA. 86.9 km S Culiacán [24.019, -107.4], 165 m, 23.IV.1969, Irwin, M.E., 4ɗ MEI 088465–6, 088473–4 (MEIC); Los Mayos, Baviri Playa [24.37, -107.47], 24.VII.1952, Lattin J.D., 1ɗ MEI 0 88469 (MEIC); Mazatlán [23.21, -106.42], 2.XII.1984, Bohart, G.E., 2ɗ MEI 170144 –5; 3.XI.1991, 1ɗ MEI 141815 (EMUS). SONORA. Alamos [27.02, -108.94], 23.II.1963, Arnaud, Jr., P.H., 2Ψ MEI 156066, 156068 (CAS); 24.II.1963, 2Ψ; MEI 156064–5 (CAS); 25.II.1963, 1Ψ MEI 156062 (CAS); 26.II.1963, 2ɗ MEI 156070–1, 3Ψ 156076, 156078–9 (CAS); 27.II.1963, 2ɗ MEI 156063, 156069, 1Ψ 156077 (CAS). TAMAULIPAS. 19.3 km N Ciudad Victoria [23.914, -99.14], 19.VII.1954, collector?, 1ɗ MEI 0 88461 (SEMC). VERACRUZ. Veracruz [19.19, -96.14], 28.VII–11.VIII.1956, Dreisbach R., Dreisbach K., 1Ψ MEI 134923 (MSUC); –. XII.1960, Krauss, N.L.H., 1ɗ MEI 170056 (USNM); –. XII.1961, Krauss N.L.H., 1ɗ MEI 0 88463 (USNM); 29.IV.1962, Parker, F.D., 1ɗ MEI 0 88467 (EMUS); –. VII.1965, Krauss, N.L.H., 1ɗ MEI 170055 (USNM); 4.8 km N Cardel, Rio Arctopan [19.413, -96.37], 30.X.1982, González, Huber, 1ɗ MEI 0 72536 (CSCA). NICARAGUA. C HINANDEGA. Corinto [12.48, -87.18], –. VIII.1945, Crowell H.H., 1ɗ MEI 0 88485 (MEIC), light trap. L EON. León [12.43, -86.89], –. II.1991, Garcete B., 1ɗ MEI 0 88222 (SEAN); 27.I.1993, Pogatshnik M., 2ɗ MEI 137658, 137671 (MEIC), ultraviolet light; 10.II.1993, 1ɗ MEI 137662 (MEIC), ultraviolet light; 17.II.1993, 1ɗ MEI 137672 (MEIC), ultraviolet light. PANAMA. Bella Vista [8.9667, -79.5333], 7.VIII.1924, Banks N., 6ɗ MEI 088513–8 (MCZ); 8.VIII.1924, Banks N., 1ɗ MEI 0 88478 (MCZ). CHIRIQUI. Las Lajas, Chiriqui Playa [8.25, -81.8667], 15.VIII.1975, Fisher E.M., 1ɗ MEI 0 88482 (UCR). PANAMA. Canal Zone, Fort Kobbe [8.896, -79.583], 9.VI.1959, Hanson, W.J., 1ɗ MEI 116841 (EMUS); Canal Zone, Kobbe Beach [8.896, -79.576], –. VII.1967, Wirth, W.W., 1ɗ MEI 0 90418 (USNM). Other specimens examined: MEXICO. JALISCO. Careyes [19.433, -105.033], 12.II–19.III.1997, Parker, F.D., 53ɗ MEI 101155, 101303, 101336 –8, 101346, 101348 –9, 101361, 101381, 101389 –90, 101408, 101421 –2, 101431, 101438 –40, 101443 –4, 101446 –7, 101449 –50, 101452, 101456 –61, 101465, 101468, 101473 –4, 101476 –8, 101480, 101483, 101488, 101490, 101492 –3, 101598, 101603, 101606, 101608, 101616, 121553 –5, 51Ψ 101371, 101382, 101386 –8, 101391, 101406 –7, 101415, 101429 –30, 101432 –5, 101437, 101442, 101445, 101448, 101451, 101453 –5, 101462 –4, 101466 –7, 101469 –72, 101475, 101479, 101481 –2, 101484 –5, 101487, 101489, 101491, 101494, 101591, 101595, 101597, 101605, 101609 –10, 101617 –8, 121156 (EMUS).

Figures

FIGURE 88. Penniverpa spp., distribution map. chersonesa (asterisk), epidema (open circle), festina (closed circle), insular (closed square), unispinosa (open square).

FIGURES 78 – 87. Penniverpa spp., female abdomens. 78. alvatra, 79. chersonesa, 80. dives, 81. epidema, 82. evani, 83. festina, 84. gracilis, 85. insular, 86. megaplax, 87. multisetosa.