Hesperopenna gilolo Bezděk, 2023

Bezděk, Jan, 2023, Hesperopenna gilolo sp. nov., the easternmost record of the genus from Halmahera Indonesia (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae), Zootaxa 5277 (3), pp. 581-584 : 582-583

Hesperopenna gilolo Bezděk , sp. nov.

( Figs 1–8 )

http://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EB0045AF-E24D-4A8D-A107-13003343CCF2

Type locality. Indonesia, Halmahera Isl. , Jailolo Dist., Kampung Pasir Putih, at 0°53´N 127°41´E .

Type material. Holotype: ³ ( USNM), “ INDONESIA: Halmahera / Isl., Jailolo Dist., / Kampung Pasir Putih / 0°53´N, 127°41´E [w, p] // 1-14 Jan. 1981 / AC Messer & PM Taylor [w, p] // HOLOTYPUS, / Hesperopenna / gilolo sp. nov., / J. Bezděk det. 2023 [r, p]”. The holotype is lacking the hind right leg.

Description. Body length (male, holotype): 3.0 mm. Body elongate oval, moderately convex, and glabrous. Head, pronotum, ventral side, and legs orange, apices of mandibles black, maxillary palpi brownish black, antennae black with orange basal half of antennomere I and brown antennomeres II and III, scutellum brown, elytra black.

Male (holotype, Figs 1–2 ). Head ( Fig. 3 ) with transversely oval labrum, anterior margin straight, widely rounded anterior angles, and surface with six pores in transverse row, each bearing long, pale seta. Anterior part of head slightly convex and glabrous, with several setae along anterior margin and close to eyes, anterior margin slightly concave. Interantennal space narrow, 0.62 times as wide as transverse diameter of antennal socket. Interocular space 1.36 times as wide as transverse diameter of eye. Frontal tubercles transversely subtriangular, moderately elevated, semi-opaque, and separated by thin, shallow groove. Vertex glabrous, semi-opaque, impunctate, separated from frontal tubercles by shallow bent line. Antennae filiform, as long as body, length ratios of antennomeres in sequence from first equals 100-20-30-70-70-60-60-60-60-50-50 (100 = 0.5 mm). Antennomeres I–II almost glabrous, III–XI densely covered by short recumbent setae. Penultimate maxillary palpomere moderately enlarged, ultimate palpomere conical.

Pronotum ( Fig. 7 ) transverse, 1.68 times as wide as long, semi-opaque, glabrous, widest in anterior quarter, and covered with microsculpture and fine punctures. Surface moderately convex, with distinct short transverse impressions from anterior angles parallel with anterior margin. Anterior margin slightly concave, lateral margins rounded, slightly posteriorly, posterior margin moderately rounded.Anterior margin unbordered, lateral and posterior margins distinctly bordered. Anterior angles rounded, slightly swollen, posterior angles obtusangulate, each angle with setigerous pore bearing long seta. Scutellum small, triangular, impunctate, and glabrous.

Elytra 1.27 times as long as wide (measured at widest, in posterior third) and 0.72 times as long as body. Surface with slight oil sheen, glabrous, densely covered with small, confused punctures. Humeral calli developed. Epipleura lustrous, glabrous, smooth, widest at anterior third, gradually narrowed towards elytral apex. Macropterous.

Procoxal cavities opened behind. Abdomen sparsely covered with setae (somewhat denser towards abdominal apex), posterior margin of last abdominal ventrite widely shallowly emarginated, with fringe of long setae ( Fig. 8 ).

All legs densely covered with short recumbent setae. Apices of meso- and metatibiae with spine. Protarsomere I narrow, subparallel, slightly wider than small and triangular protarsomere II, length ratio of protarsomeres I–III and V equals 100-50-50-86 (100 = 0.20 mm). Mesotarsomere I elongated triangular, as wide as triangular mesotarsomere II, length ratio of mesotarsomeres I–III and V equals 100-50-50-86 (100 = 0.20 mm). Metatarsomere I long, narrow, length ratio of metatarsomeres I–III and V equals 100-25-25-44 (100 = 0.4 mm). Claws appendiculate.

Penis ( Figs 4–6 ) elongate, parallel, 6.50 times as long as wide, apex rounded, surface with shallow oval impression in anterior third. In lateral view, penis wide, slightly bent. Ventral side with long, wide and shallow groove, parallel in apical half, distinctly wider in middle part. Penis with one long thin internal sclerite wrapped around apex, with tip directed backward on ventral side of penis.

Female unknown.

Differential diagnosis. Hesperopenna gilolo sp. nov. is characterized by completely black elytra. The black coloration of the dorsal side is known only in several species: the head in H. nigriceps (Kimoto, 2004) from eastern India, the head and pronotum in H. nigricollis (Kimoto, 1989) from Thailand, the head and pronotum in some specimens of H. bacboensis (Medvedev, 2013) from Vietnam, and, finally, the head and scutellum in some specimens of H. thailandica (Kimoto, 1989) from Thailand, Laos and China (Yunnan). The elytra of all known species are completely pale, or at most, with a black extreme lateral margin in the basal half in H. zofka Bezděk, 2013 from Indonesia (Java, Bali).

The penis of Hesperopenna species is very variable in shape, from relatively simple to very complicated, always with a large, elongated basal orifice and internally with one or two large and long sclerites. The penis of H. gilolo sp. nov. ( Figs 4–6 ) is of relatively simple structure, sub-tubular, with one long, thin internal sclerite wrapped around the apex, with the tip directed backward on the ventral side of the penis.

Distribution. Indonesia (Halmahera).

Etymology. Gilolo is the former name of Halmahera. Noun in apposition.

Discussion. For a long time, the known occurrence of the genus Hesperopenna was limited to the continental part of Southeast Asia, with a few species described from Sumatra, Mentawai, Java, and Bali ( Bezděk 2013, 2016a). During the extensive study of undetermined material from various institutions in recent years, the occurrence of Hesperopenna in Borneo and the Philippines (several species awaiting descriptions) has been proven. The expanding knowledge of the distribution almost exactly copies that of the genus Charaea , which was also recently proven to occur on the Greater Sunda Islands (Bezděk in prep.) and the Philippines ( Bezděk 2015). Some oriental species-rich genera, such as Aulacophora Chevrolat, 1836 , Hoplosaenidea Laboissière, 1933 , Oides Weber, 1801 , Monolepta Chevrolat, 1836 , occur also in the Australian Region (e.g., Reid 2003, Bezděk 2016b, Lee & Beenen 2017, Reid et al. 2021); however, the distribution of Hesperopenna , covering continental Asia, the Greater Sunda Islands, and the Philippines, corresponds rather to moderately numerous genera of Galerucinae , such as Taumacera Thunberg, 1814 , Palpoxena Baly, 1861 , Coeligetes Jacoby, 1884 , or Pseudotheopea Lee & Bezděk, 2020 , which do not cross Wallace line ( Wilcox 1973; Bezděk 2016b, 2019; Lee & Bezděk 2020). The discovery of a new species of Hesperopenna in Wallacea, even east of Weber line, is therefore extremely surprising and suggests the possible occurrence of this genus on other islands of Wallacea.

Figures

FIGURES 1–8. Hesperopenna gilolo Bezděk, sp. nov. 1—holotype in dorsal view; 2—labels; 3—head; 4—penis in dorsal view; 5—penis in lateral view; 6—penis in ventral view; 7—pronotum; 8—apex of abdomen.