Phalangopsidae

Desutter-Grandcolas, Laure & Jaiswara, Ranjana, 2012, Phalangopsidae crickets from the Indian Region (Orthoptera, Grylloidea), with the descriptions of new taxa, diagnoses for genera, and a key to Indian genera, Zootaxa 3444, pp. 1-39 : 4-5

Key for Phalangopsidae crickets of continental India

1. Both males and females with long FWs covering the whole abdomen. TIII with three pairs of subapical spurs ( Meloimorpha ), or less ( Cacoplistes ).................................................................................... 2

- Males and females either apterous, or with short, more or less reduced FWs. TIII with four outer subapical spurs, and three ( Paragryllodes ) or four inner subapical spurs................................................................ 3

2. Large species, with strong body and legs. Pronotum concave dorsally, its margins deeply carinated. TIII thick with strong latero-dorsal margins; subapical spurs very short; apical spurs widely set apart from each other on both inner and outer sides..................................................................... Cacoplistes Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1873

- Small and thin species, with thin legs. Pronotum margins not carinated, but dorsal disc saddle-like. TIII without lateral carina, quadrangulate in section; subapical spurs long and clearly articulated; apical spurs close to each other on each tibia side................................................................................... Meloimorpha Walker, 1870

3. TIII with three inner subapical spurs. Fastigium very narrow, much more narrow than the scape, and furrowed. Male subgenital plate elongate; FWs short; stridulum: harp crossed by many veins, mirror not well defined (Fig. 41 in Chopard 1928). Male genitalia typical for the genus, with a short, transverse pseudepiphallic sclerite and long ectophallic dorsal valves (Desutter- Grandcolas 1999). Female winged, FWs with projecting veins (Fig. 40 in Chopard 1928)............................................................................................................. Paragryllodes Karny, 1909

- TIII with four inner subapical spurs. Fastigium wider and not furrowed. Male apterous or winged; when the stridulum is present, harp crossed by no more than two or three veins; mirror present, reticulate or not. Male genitalia without ectophallic dorsal valves. Females apterous when known (except in Luzaropsis )................................................... 4

4. TIII apical spurs: median spurs the longest on both inner and outer sides; on outer side, the median either greatly ( Arachnomimus , Zacla ?, Fig. 1 J) or slightly ( Kempiola , Fig. 3 C) longer than the dorsal spur................................... 5

- TIII apical spurs different............................................................................... 7

5. Both sexes apterous. TI without tympanum. Male genitalia: median process resembling those of Zacla (cf. infra). Female genitalia long and horse-foot shaped, with a thinner basis and a wider, split apex, and with a plicated, basal membrane ( Fig. 1 G, H)......................................................................... Arachnomimus Saussure, 1897

- Male FWs more or less reduced in length, but with a complete stridulum; female apterous. TI with an inner tympanum (except in K. flavipunctatus Desutter-Grandcolas n. sp.)............................................................ 6

6. TIII serrulation very sparse (except in K. flavipunctatus Desutter-Grandcolas n. sp.); TIII median and dorsal outer apical spurs subequal, the median only slightly longer than the dorsal one ( Fig. 3 C). Male stridulum reticulated. Male genitalia: pseudepiphallus with a long and narrow median process, and elongate lateral lobes ( Figs 3 F, 5B). Female copulatory papilla elongate and very flat, entirely sclerotized ( Fig. 3 D, E, G–I)................................. Kempiola Uvarov, 1940

- TIII serrulation strong; TIII median outer apical spur clearly longer than the dorsal one. Male stridulum not reticulated (Fig.

166 in Chopard 1969). Male genitalia with a short and straight median lobe, slightly shorter than lateral sclerites (Fig. 4.1– 3 in Gorochov 2003a). Female genitalia unknown............................................. Zacla Gorochov, 2003 7. TIII apical spurs: dorsal spur the longest on outer side, and dorsal spur the longest on inner side (except in P. (?) chopardi Desutter-Grandcolas n. sp., in which the median is slightly longer than the dorsal). TI without a tympanum. Males apterous or with very short FWs. Females apterous, when known........................................................ 8

- TIII apical spurs: median spur the longest on outer side, and dorsal spur slightly longer on inner side. TI with an inner tympanum, or two tympana. Both sexes winged................ Larandopsis Chopard, 1924 , Luzaropsis Chopard, 1925

8. TIII not serrulated. Eyes reduced, as long as the scape. Male first abdominal tergite very large and produced above the other tergites in the shape of a triangular shield. Female unknown............................. Aspidogryllus Chopard, 1933

- TIII serrulated. Eyes not as reduced. Male first abdominal tergite not modified...................................... 9

9. Pronotum distinctly transverse ( Figs 7 C, G, 10E). Fastigium much wider than the scape ( Figs 7 G, 10E)................. 10

- Pronotum less transverse ( Fig. 10 A). Fastigium slightly more narrow than the scape ( Fig. 10 B). Male unknown. Female copulatory papilla small and flat, flap-like ( Fig. 9 O)......................... Speluncasina Desutter-Grandcolas n. gen.

10. TIII subapical spurs: outers much longer than the inners. Male apterous or with flap-like, largely separate FWs; lateral parts of supra anal plate elongate. Male genitalia resembling those of Phalangopsina , but small, rounded and compact ( Fig. 12 ); pseudepiphallic sclerite median lobe flat; pseudepiphallic parameres having the shape of acute hooks ( Fig. 12 B, C). Female ovipositor shorter than FIII; copulatory papilla flat, concave, sclerotized only distally ( Fig. 11 H–J)........................................................................................... Opiliosina Desutter-Grandcolas n. gen.

- TIII subapical spurs: outers only slightly longer than the inners. Male FWs as long as tergite 1, slightly overlapping; supra anal plate simple. Male genitalia: pseudepiphallic sclerite with a wide median part, more or less reversed overhead, and two long lateral sclerites; pseudepiphallic parameres very large, concave, making a kind of wide wide forceps ( Fig. 6 D–F). Female ovipositor longer than FIII; copulatory papilla large, sclerotized and elongate ( Figs 6 G–H, 8F, G), with a longer and thinner distal part (shorter in P. (?) chopardi Desutter-Grandcolas n. sp., see Fig. 8 K, L).......... Phalangopsina Chopard, 1933

Figures

FIGURE 1. Female copulatory papilla (A – H) in: A, Cacoplistes sp, female identified Cachoplistus rogenhoferi Saussure, 1877 by L. Chopard (specimen MNHN-ENSIF 2960, Tonkin, Dong Daky), distal view; B – C, Meloimorpha japonica (specimen MNHN-ENSIF 2963, Japan, Kyoto), ventral (B), lateral (C); D – F, Homoeogryllus xanthographus Guérin-Méneville, 1847 (specimen MNHN-ENSIF 2944, Tchad, Amdjamena), dorsal (D), ventral (E), lateral (F); G – H, Arachnomimus maindroni (Chopard, 1969), n. comb., dorsal (G), lateral (H). Hind tibia apical spurs in: I, Arachnomimus maindroni (Chopard, 1969), n. comb. inner spurs; J, Arachnomimus nietneri (Saussure, 1878), outer spurs. Scale 1 mm.

FIGURE 3. Kempiola Uvarov, 1940. A – E, Kempiola longipes (Chopard, 1924): A, maxillary palpus; B – C, inner (B), outer (C) apical spurs of hind tibia; D – E, copulatory papilla, dorsal (D), lateral (E). F, Kempiola subalatus (Chopard, 1970), n. comb., male genitalia, dorsal. G – J, Kempiola flavipunctatus Desutter-Grandcolas n. sp.: G – I, copulatory papilla, dorsal (G), ventral (H), lateral (I); male forewing (J), dorsal. Abbreviations: see text. Scales 1 mm.

FIGURE 6. Phalangopsina dubia (Bolivar, 1900). A, right scape, anterior side; B, maxillary palpus, last joint; C, outer apical spurs of hind tibia; D – F, male genitalia, dorsal (D), ventral (E), lateral (F); G – H, female copulatory papilla, dorsal (G), lateral (H). Abbreviations: see text p. ***. Scales 1 mm.

FIGURE 7. Phalangopsina dubia (Bolivar, 1900). A, Female lectotype, colouration of head and pronotum, lateral; B – D, female paralectotype, colouration, lateral (B), dorsal (C), FIII, outer side (D). Phalangopsina bolivari Desutter-Grandcolas n. sp., E, FIII colouration, outer side. Phalangopsina chopardi Desutter-Grandcolas n. sp., F, FIII colouration, outer side. Phalangopsina gravelyi Desutter-Grandcolas n. sp., G, body colouration, dorsal; H, FIII colouration, outer side. Scales 1 mm.

FIGURE 8. Phalangopsina bolivari Desutter-Grandcolas n. sp. (A – G) and Phalangopsina chopardi Desutter-Grandcolas n. sp. (H – L). A, H, scape, anterior side; B, maxillary palpus; C, D, I, apical spurs of hind tibia, inner (C, I), outer (D); E, J, female subgenital plate; F, G, K, L, female copulatory papilla, dorsal (F, K), lateral (G, L). Abbreviations, see text p. ***. Scales 1 mm.

FIGURE 9. Phalangopsina gravelyi Desutter-Grandcolas n. sp. (A – H) and Speluncasina annandalei (Chopard, 1928) n. comb. (I – O). A, I, scape, anterior side; B, J, maxillary palpus; C, K, L, apical spurs of hind tibia, inner (C, L), outer (K); D, M, female subgenital plate; E, N, female ovipositor apex, lateral; F, G, H, O, female copulatory papilla, dorsal (F), ventral (G, O), lateral (H). Abbreviations, see text p. ***. Scales 1 mm.

FIGURE 10. Speluncasina annandalei (Chopard, 1928), n. comb. (A – C) and Opiliosina meridionalis Desutter-Grandcolas n. sp. (D – G). A, D, E, Head, pronotum and body shape; B, F, face; C, G, hind femur. Scales 1 mm.

FIGURE 11. Opiliosina meridionalis Desutter-Grandcolas n. sp. A, scape, anterior side; B, maxillary palpus; C, D, apical spurs of hind tibia, inner (C), outer (D); E, male supra anal plate; F, male subgenital plate, lateral; G, female subgenital plate; H – J, female copulatory papilla, dorsal (H), ventral (I), lateral (J). Abbreviations, see text p. ***. Scales 1 mm.

FIGURE 12. Opiliosina meridionalis Desutter-Grandcolas n. sp. male genitalia, dorsal (A), ventral (B), dorso apical (C), lateral (D). Abbreviations, see text p. **. Scale 0, 5 mm.