Caeruleuptychia harrisi Nakahara & Freitas, 2023

Nakahara, Shinichi, Kleckner, Kaylin, Barbosa, Eduardo P., Lourenco, Giselle M., Casagrande, Mirna M., Willmott, Keith R. & Freitas, Andre V. L., 2023, Reassessment of the type locality of Euptychia stigmatica Godman, 1905, with the description of two new sibling species from Amazonia (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae, Satyrini), ZooKeys 1167, pp. 57-88 : 57

Caeruleuptychia harrisi Nakahara & Freitas sp. nov.

Figs 1 , 3E, F , 4E, F , 5 , 6D

Caeruleuptychia cyanites 01: Nakahara et al. 2018b: fig. 1C.; Espeland et al. 2023: fig. 10.

Caeruleuptychia sp. nov. 1: Nakahara et al. 2022: fig. 1.

Systematic placement and diagnosis.

See corresponding section of C. cyanites for information regarding systematic placement and diagnostic characters for this taxon.

Description.

Male: Head: Eyes with short hair-like setae, with white scales at base; frons and vertex black; first segment of labial palpi adorned with long white hair-like scales, second segment length approximately twice eye depth and covered with white hair-like scales and white scales laterally, and with brownish hair-like scales along edge of distal two-thirds of dorsal surface, ventrally adorned with black hair-like scales and white hair-like scales longer than segment width, third segment porrect, approximately one-third of second segment in length and covered with black scales dorsally and ventrally, with whitish scales laterally; antennae approximately two-fifths of forewing length, with ca. 37 segments (n = 1), distal 12 or 13 segments composing insignificant club. Thorax: Dorsally and laterally scattered with whitish scales, brownish scales and bluish scales (whitish scales visible towards base of wing, brownish scales visible anteriorly and bluish scales visible posteriorly), lightly colored long hair-like scales visible posteriorly, ventrally scattered with brownish scales with bluish scales visible on metathorax; prothoracic leg with whitish scales and brownish scales, in addition to whitish long hair-like scales and brownish hair-like scales, femur, tibia and tarsus almost same in length; pterothoracic legs femur covered with short creamy scales, dorsally darker; tarsus and tibia grayish, dorsally darker, adorned with few longitudinal rows of spines ventrally, row of lateral spines present on inner side of tibia, tibial spurs present at distal end of tibia. Abdomen: Eighth tergite appearing sclerotized along basal margin of dorsal surface of eighth abdominal segment. Wing venation: Basal half of forewing subcostal vein swollen; base of cubitus swollen; forewing recurrent vein absent; hindwing humeral vein developed; origin of M2 slightly towards M1 than M3. Wing length and shape: 20.8-22.6 mm, mean 21.38 mm (n = 5); forewing subtriangular, appearing somewhat elongate and pointy, apex rounded, costal margin convex, outer margin almost straight, inner margin straight, but rounded towards thorax near base; hindwing slightly elongate, rounded, costal margin convex, outer margin slightly sinuate, inner margin slightly concave near tornus, anal lobe convex, slightly rounded. Dorsal forewing: Distal ca. one-fifth with brownish scales, apparently narrowing in width from apex towards tornus, remaining area powder blue, brownish scales along m1-m2, discal band appearing as inconspicuous short brownish scaling in discal cell, concolorous postdiscal band broader and more defined, extending from radius to cell Cu2 and tapering and terminating in this cell; elongate whitish/grayish scent patch positioned towards distal side in cell 2A compared to mid-point of cell 2A (occupying less than one-fifth of inner margin length), mosaic of pale and dark scales rounded at tips (compared to more flat-tipped scales of adjacent region), feather-like androconial scales absent; fringe grayish. Dorsal hindwing: Area mainly anterior of M1 and distal side of cell M1 brownish, remaining wing surface basically powder blue; submarginal line, somewhat indistinct, extending from apex towards tornus, but fading before reaching cell 2A; concolorous marginal line, more defined, sinuate, traversing along outer margin; fringe grayish. Ventral forewing: Ground color powder blue; brownish discal band extending from near costa, terminating at origin of Cu2; concolorous postdiscal band, wider than discal band, extending from near costa towards Cu2, and terminating around this vein; one submarginal ocellus in cell M1, appearing as black spot ringed with sky blue, pupil not confidently identified; umbra present as irregular, concolorous band extending from near costa to cell Cu1; concolorous submarginal band, extending from apex towards tornus, broadening in middle (between M2 and Cu2), overall smooth, terminating around 2A; concolorous marginal line, narrower than submarginal band, almost parallel with submarginal band and outer margin, somewhat broadening in cell Cu2; pale powder blue modified scales visible in middle of cell Cu2; fringe grayish. Ventral hindwing: Similar to ventral forewing except as follows: bands appearing broader, short straight band present at base of ventral hindwing; discal band extending down to inner margin and passing basal of origin of Cu2; postdiscal line passing origin of Cu1 and extending down to inner margin; submarginal band bent in cell Rs and along M1, posterior end apparently occasionally fused with postdiscal band in cell 2A; marginal band jagged and extends along inner margin; five submarginal ocelli (but also see below), those in cells Rs, M1 and Cu1 appearing as a black spot ringed with sky blue, pupil may or may not be visible (see below), remaining ocelli appearing smaller, sky bluish smudge without black central area. Genitalia (Fig. 3E, F ): Tegumen semi-circular in lateral view, anteriorly convex, dorsally convex but not as convex as anterior margin, ventral margin rather straight; uncus twice as long as tegumen in lateral view, hair-like setae visible dorsally and ventrally, base of uncus broadening in both lateral and dorsal view, tapering posteriorly with a concavity along dorsal margin in lateral view, and terminating in a hooked single point; brachium tapering towards apex, apical point positioned above uncus in lateral view, parallel to uncus with apical edge curving inwards in dorsal view; combination of ventral arms from tegumen and dorsal arms from saccus sinuate, broadening near saccus with up and down concavity; appendices angulares present, curving inwards; saccus straight, anteriorly somewhat rounded, shorter than uncus in length but longer than tegumen; juxta present as shallow U-shaped plate in posterior view; valva distal half setose, valva appearing roughly as parallelogram in lateral view, ventral margin convex, dorsal margin distal of costa accompanying hump at base of apical process, apical process terminating somewhat in thumb-like shape; phallus nearly straight, similar in length to tegumen plus uncus, phallobase less than half of phallus, ductus ejaculatorius visible as illustrated, posterior portion of aedeagus slightly curved upwards, manica not examined, cornuti visible as weakly sclerotized region of vesica. COI barcode: Molecular vouchers: MGCL-LOAN-561 (GenBank voucher: MF192681); MGCL-LOAN-546 (GenBank voucher: MF192717).

Female: Unknown or unrecognized.

Variation.

The ventral hindwing ocellus in cell Rs is present in three specimens (FLMNH-MGCL-279345, MGCL-LOAN-546 and DZ 57.996), whereas it is absent in one specimen (MGCL-LOAN-561).

Etymology.

This specific epithet is in recognition of Brian P. Harris, for his tireless effort in facilitating butterfly research at USNM by going above and beyond to support visiting researchers. The holotype of C. harrisi sp. nov. was collected by Brian and deposited at USNM where he served as a museum specialist since 2005. The species-group name Caeruleuptychia harrisi is considered to be a Latinized masculine noun in the genitive case.

Types.

Holotype: male with the following labels written verbatim separated by double forward slashes: //BRASIL: Rondonia 62 km S Ariquemes Faz.Rancho Grande 165 m 10.53°S, 62.80°W. 19-29. Sept.1996. B.Harris// Euptychia cyanites ♂// DNA voucher LEP-18635// USNM ENT 01844280// (USNM).

Paratypes: four males, with the following labels written verbatim separated by double forward slashes: //BRAZIL: RONDONIA Jaru ♂.viii.1976 C. Callaghan// DNA voucher LEP-68762// FLMNH-MGCL Specimen 279345// Genitalic vial SN-17-35 S. Nakahara// A. C. Allyn Acc. 1976-15// (FLMNH) // Caiçara, Porto Velho, RO, BR 11.IX.2012 C1P4 150 m PMSF AHE Jirau MGCL 546// MGCL-LOAN-546// ZUEC-LEP 12053 [collected by Marcio Uehara-Prado]// (ZUEC); // Caiçara, Porto Velho, RO, BR 18.VI.2012 C1P4 250 m PMSF AHE Jirau MGCL 561 [collected by Marcio Uehara-Prado]// MGCL-LOAN-561 [molecular voucher]// MGCL-561 [genitalia dissection label]// ZUEC-LEP 12052// (ZUEC); //N. 19.314// 7.II.1961. Vila Rondonia Rio Gi-parana. Terr. Rondonia. Angelo M. & P. Pereira [deposited in]III.1961 ♂// Coll. D’Almeida // DZ 57.996// (DZUP).

Distribution

(Fig. 5 ). Caeruleuptychia harrisi sp. nov. is known to date from the state of Rondônia, Brazil.

Biology.

Unknown, but see Fig. 6D for habitat image.

Figures

Figure 1. A maximum likelihood tree (LnL = - 2678.083) showing the phylogenetic relationships among Caeruleuptychia taxa selected for this study. Numbers beside branches are UFBoot / SH-aLRT values; colored tips represent taxonomic hypotheses proposed in the present study B the differentiation of three Caeruleuptychia species (C. cyanites, C. harrisi sp. nov., C. aemulatio sp. nov.) by forewing length (mm) and scent patch percentage. Each species is denoted by a unique color and shape with a single point representing a single specimen. The holotype (HT) of each name and the lectotype (LT) of C. cyanites are denoted by a black border and the corresponding letters.

Figure 3. Adults of Caeruleuptychia: C. cyanites A male in dorsal view B male in ventral view (BLU 778) C female in dorsal view D female in ventral view (BC-DZ- 007). Holotype male of Caeruleuptychia harrisi sp. nov. E dorsal view F ventral view (USNM ENT 01844280). Holotype male of Caeruleuptychia aemulatio sp. nov. G dorsal view H ventral view (MUSM-LEP 100094).

Figure 4. Genitalia of C. cyanites A male genitalia in lateral view, without phallus B phallus in lateral view (genitalic dissection: SN- 19 - 13) C female genitalia in dorsal view, with image of signa to the left D lamella antevaginalis in ventral view (genitalic dissection: SN- 19 - 14). Caeruleuptychia harrisi sp. nov. E male genitalia in lateral view, without phallus F phallus in lateral view (genitalic dissection: SN- 17 - 36); Caeruleuptychia aemulatio sp. nov. G male genitalia in lateral view, without phallus H phallus in lateral view (genitalic dissection: SN- 17 - 34). Scale bars: 1 mm.

Figure 5. Distribution map for three Caeruleuptychia species discussed herein. Key: * denotes location of Tres Rios, Rio de Janeiro (= hypothesized type locality of E. stigmatica in the present study);? denotes dubious records from Araras, Sao Paulo.

Figure 6. Habitat pictures for two Caeruleuptychia species discussed herein A interior of ecotone habitat of C. cyanites at PERD with trap pictured B general view of PERD C habitat of C. cyanites at Camacan, Bahia D habitat of two Brazilian males of C. harrisi sp. nov. (Photograph credit: Bruno Ferreira).