Masirana suzukii, Ballarin & Eguchi, 2022

Ballarin, Francesco & Eguchi, Katsuyuki, 2022, Taxonomic notes on leptonetid spiders from the Ryukyu Archipelago with the description of two new species and the first record of the genus Longileptoneta from Japan (Araneae: Leptonetidae), Zootaxa 5213 (4), pp. 371-387 : 377-379

Masirana suzukii sp. nov.

(Japanese name: tiragamahinamashiragumoティラガマヒナマシラグモ)

Figs. 4A–F , 5A–E , 6A–E .

Material examined. ♂ Holotype. JAPAN: Okinawa Pref.: Okinawa-honto Is., Kunigami-gun, Nakijin-son, Tiragama cave (ティラガマ = Tametomo no horaana, Ẫ朝の洞Ẉ), 26.684°N, 128.005°E, 55 m a.s.l., short and rather humid cave, 17 November 2020, F. Ballarin leg. (NSMT-Ar 22246).

Paratypes. JAPAN - same data as the holotype, 2♂, 1♀ (2♂, 1♀ RMUF; 1♂, 1♀ FBPC) .

Etymology. The new species is a patronym in honor to our colleague and friend Yuya Suzuki (United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Japan). Yuya is a young and promising arachnologist actively working on ethology, ecology and taxonomy of Japanese spiders, including cave species from the Ryukyus.

Diagnosis. Species closely related to Masirana changlini (Zhu & Tso, 2002) from Taiwan. The male of M. suzukii sp. nov. can be distinguished from the male of M. changlini by the different number of denticles on the chelicera (a single row of 9 denticles on the promargin in M. suzukii sp. nov. vs. two rows of denticles, 6 on the promargin and 7 on the retromargin, in M. changlini ; cf. Fig. 6D vs. fig. 3 in Zhu & Tso 2002) and by the slimmer and longer tip of the cymbium bearing a short, stronger spine (vs. a shorter, tougher tip of cymbium lacking any thick apical spine in M. changlini ; cf. Figs. 4B, C–F , 6A, B vs. figs. 4, 5 in Zhu & Tso, 2002). In addition, the embolus of the new species shows a more rounded apex in contrast with a pointy apex in M. changlini (cf. Figs. 4B , 6B vs. fig. 4 in Zhu & Tso 2002). The male of M. suzukii sp. nov. can be easily separated from the male of M. longipalpis by the different length of the palpal femur and tibia (cf. Figs. 4A, B vs. 7A, B). The female of M. suzukii sp. nov. is distinguished from the female of other congeners, including M. longipalpis , by the different shape of internal genitalia (e.g., smaller and rounded spermathecae (S) in contrast with larger, sac-like S in M. longipalpis , cf. Figs. 5A, B and 6E vs. Figs. 8E, F ).

Description. Male (holotype). Habitus as in Fig. 5C . Total length: 1.66; prosoma 0.72 long, 0.63 wide. Carapace brownish with sightly lighter central area. Median groove, cervical grooves and radial furrows distinct. Cephalic area poorly defined, slightly raised from carapace. Sternum uniformly brownish. Six eyes all well-developed. ALE=0.05, PLE=0.05, PME=0.05, ALE-PLE=0.01, PLE-PME=0.03. Chelicera, labium and maxillae uniformly brownish. Chelicera bearing a single row of 8 denticles on promargin; denticles on retromargin missing ( Fig. 6D ). Legs uniformly light brown. Leg formula: I, IV, II, III. Leg measurements: I = 4.67 (1.42, 0.22, 1.74, 1.38, 0.91), II = 3.75 (1.06, 0.22, 1.07, 0.81, 0.59), III = 3.09 (0.87, 0.21, 0.80, 0.73, 0.48), IV = 4.03 (1.19, 0.23, 1.26, 1.03, 0.59). Opisthosoma yellowish with faint dorsal marks. Male palp as in Figs. 4A–F , 6A–C . Femur with several long and robust spines on its ventral and dorsal margins. Patella and tibia both elongated, approximately of the same length. Two apophyses (TA) on retrodistal margin of tibia close to each other; ventral apophysis large and lanceolate; dorsal apophysis spine-like, larger at its base and ending with a sharp and long tip ( Figs. 4D, E and 6B ). Cymbium bearing several long and thin spines, ending pointy and with a robust spine at its apex (= tarsal spur). Bulb with two sclerite: median sclerite (MS) spine-like, long and thin; prolateral sclerite (PS) wide and transparent, ribbon-like and wrapped around MS. Embolus (E) long and robust, thread-like and laterally flattened, ending with a rounded tip slightly curved dorsally ( Figs. 4C–F and 6A–C ).

Female (one of the paratypes). Habitus as in Fig. 5D, E . Total length: 1.59; prosoma 0.69 long, 0.63 wide. General coloration and pattern as in male. Frontal view of cephalic area as in Fig. 5E . ALE=0.05, PLE=0.05, PME=0.05, ALE-PLE=0.01, PLE-PME=0.03. Leg formula: I, IV, II, III. Leg measurements: I = 4.69 (1.28, 0.23, 1.42, 1.09, 0.67), II = 3.51 (1.01, 0.21, 0.95, 0.77, 0.57), III = 3.03 (0.85, 0.23, 0.76, 0.69, 0.50), IV = 4.09 (1.12, 0.22, 1.19, 0.95, 0.61). Opisthosoma brownish or yellowish, strongly wrinkled in the frontal part ( Fig. 5E ). Other characters as in male. Internal genitalia as in Fig. 5A, B , 6E . Atrium (AT) wide, cup-shaped. Spermathecae stalk (SS) starting at sides of atrium, first bending inward with a comma course, then reaching spermathecae (S) after one convolution. Spermathecae small and round, separated from each other by two and a half of their diameter.

Size variation: Male (based on 4 specimens): total length: 1.55–1.66, Prosoma 0.65–0.72 long, 0.63–0.66 wide. Female (based on 2 specimens): total length: 1.59–1.70, prosoma 0.69–0.72 long, 0.63–0.66wide.

Distribution. Known only from the type locality ( Fig. 10 ).

Habitat. Caves. The new species was found in empty spaces under stones and in recesses of the floor in the twilight zone of a short and humid cave.

Remarks. M. suzukii sp. nov. shows reduced pigmentation and faint dorsal color pattern. Despite lacking any real troglobitic adaptation, the collecting environment suggests troglophilic habits. However, we do not exclude that this species might also inhabit screes and other shallow subterranean habitats or even external environments (e.g., forest litter). According to Shimojana (1977, pg. 347) Falcileptoneta okinawaensis was also recorded from the same cave where M. suzukii sp. nov. was collected. Despite extensive collections inside the cave, we could not find any other leptonetid species. In addition, the records of F. okinawaensis by Shimojana in Tiragama cave were based on females only. Due to the external similarities of females in Leptonetidae and the lack of information about the internal genitalia of these species, it is possible that such records refer to misidentified samples of M. suzukii sp. nov.

Figures

FIGURE 4. Male palp of Masirana suzukii sp. nov. from Okinawa. A palp, prolateral view B same, retrolateral view; C tip of palp, prolateral view; D same, retrolateral view; E same, dorsal view; F same, ventral view. Scale bars: A, B = 0.2 mm; C–F = 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 5. Female and male of Masirana suzukii sp. nov. A internal genitalia of female, ventral view; B same, dorsal view; C habitus of male, dorsal view; D habitus of female, dorsal view E same, frontal view. Scale bars: A, B, E = 0.2 mm, C, D = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 6. male and female of Masirana suzukii sp. nov. A male palp, prolateral view; B same, retrolateral view C bulb, ventral view; D male chelicera, internal view; E internal genitalia of female. Abbreviations: AT = atrium; E = embolus; MS = median sclerite; PL = prolateral lobe; PS = prolateral sclerite; S = spermatheca; SS = spermatheca stalk; TA = tibial apophyses; TS = tarsal spur. Scale bars: A–D = 0.1 mm, E = 0.2 mm.

FIGURE 8. male and female of Masirana longipalpis. A male from Nisshu-do cave, Okinawa-honto Is., tip of palp retrolateral view; B same, ventral view; C female from Nisshu-do cave, frontal view; D habitus of female from Fukubukuîzâ cave, Ishigakijima Is., dorsal view; E internal genitalia of female from Abuntogama cave, ventral view; F same, dorsal view; G habitus of male from Abuntogama cave, dorsal view; H same, habitus of female; I same, frontal view.Abbreviations:AT = atrium; E = embolus; MS = median sclerite; RS = retrolateral sclerite; S = spermathecae; SS = spermathecae stalk; TA = tibial apophyses. Scale bars: A–B = 0.1 mm, C, E, F, I = 0.2; D, G, H = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 10. Known records of Leptonetidae in the Ryukyu Archipelago and location of the related caves. Legend: pink hexagon = Longileptoneta yamasakii sp. nov.; blue dot = Masirana. suzukii sp. nov.; yellow dots = M. longipalpis; red squares = Falcileptoneta okinawaensis. Type localities of the species are highlighted with an internal black dot.