Campsicnemus aniani Evenhuis

Evenhuis, Neal L., 2012, Review of the Campsicnemus fumipennis group (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) in the Hawaiian Islands, with descriptions of new species and corrections of misidentifications, Zootaxa 3497, pp. 1-16 : 4-9

Campsicnemus aniani Evenhuis , sp. nov.

( Figs. 1 , 2 , 7 , 12 , 16 )

Campsicnemus flaviventer: Tenorio, 1969: 3 , 41; Montgomery, 1975: 77; Hardy et al., 1981: 150, 151, 155; Preston, 1995: 12; Preston et al., 2004: 22; Anonymous, 2009: 80; 2012: 80. Misidentifications.

Campsicnemus fumipennis: Preston, 1995: 12 . Anonymous, 2012: 80. Misidentifications.

O‘ahu Moloka‘i Hawai‘i

Plant taxon/substrate

Acacia koa , flux S* A Charpenteria, log A Charpenteria, rotting bark S

Cheirodendron , leaves A Cibotium , rotting trunk A Clermontia , bark S F Fern, frond S

Pisonia , leaves S

Pisonia , stem S

Pritchardia , rotting fruit S

Tetraplasandra , rotting bark S

Touchardia , bark S

Urera , bark A

*Abbreviations: A = C. aniani , sp. nov.; F = C. fumipennis ; S = C. spectabulus , sp. nov.

Diagnosis. Similar to C. fumipennis Parent , from which it can be easily distinguished by the laterotergite being yellow laterally (brown in C. fumipennis ) and the mesonotal admedian vittae narrow (these vittae very broad in C. fumipennis ); and similar to the other Big Island species in the C. fumipennis group, C. leucostoma , distinguished by the mouthparts being brown (mouthparts white in C. leucostoma ) and the generally darker lateral body color throughout (lateral body color very pale yellow to white in C. leucostoma ).

Description. Male: Body length: 3.5–3.8 mm. Wing length: 4.0–4.2 mm. Head: Face, front and clypeus yellow, gray tomentose; oc and vt black, about two-thirds length of antennal arista; occiput, and vertex black with blue-gray highlights; postgena with long fine white hairs; face constricted at middle, holoptic for a length of 4 ommatidia; palpus small, brown; proboscis brown, extending below eye in lateral view; antenna ( Fig. 2 ) with all segments yellow; scape flared apically, length ca. 2X greatest width; pedicel subspherical, with ring of short spiky black setae subapically; postpedicel subtriangular, length about 1.5X width, rounded apically; arista slightly longer than head height. Thorax: Mesonotum (cf. Fig. 7 ) and pleura (except dark brown anepimeron) yellow, scutellum brownish dorsally, yellowish on posterior margin and ventrally; dorsum of mesonotum with pair of brown admedian vittae, each vitta narrow anteriorly, flaring posteriorly to tear-drop shape near prescutellar area; thoracic setae very long, black: 1 + 4 dc; 2 np; 2 ph; 1 + 1 pa; 1 + 1 + 2 sc; 10–12 ac; halter stem yellow, knob white. Legs: Yellowish except for CII, apical half of FIII, and all tarsi brown; coxae with normal setation; fore and hind legs unmodified and without MSSC; FII with row of 10–12 black hairs along ventral surface; TiII ( Fig. 16 ) long, straight, with 6 long black setae subbasally, medially, and subapically on lateral surface (MSSC), mesal surface with short, stiff black spiky setae on basal two-thirds, intermixed with short fine hairs that extend entire length, becoming appressed on apical third (MSSC), apex with pair of strong long black setae on mesal surface. IIt1 about 2.5X length of IIt2, without MSSC. Remaining leg segments unmodified and without MSSC. Wing ( Fig. 12 ): Subhyaline, with faint brownish infumation in costal and radial cells, posterior crossvein with cloud of brown infuscation; posterior half of wing iridescent hyaline; posterior crossvein length less than 1/2 apical segment of CuA1. Abdomen (cf. Fig. 7 ): Brown dorsally with yellow laterally and posterolaterally, yellow color most extensive on basal tergites, becoming less extensive on succeeding tergites; sternites with brown medially and basally, otherwise yellow; tergal vestiture black, strongest along posterior margin of tergite I. Hypopygium yellowish brown with yellow cerci, not dissected. Female: As in male except for lack of MSSC and the following: eyes holoptic, separated at medial constriction by width of one ommatidium; antennal postpedicel length ca. 3/4 greatest width, rounded apically; all brown areas of thorax and abdomen in males darker and broader or more extensive.

Types. HOLOTYPE 3 (BPBM 16,923) [BPBM Ent 2008010511] and 1Ƥ paratype from HAWAIIAN ISLANDS: Hawai‘i: Upper Ola‘a Forest, Aug 1952, W.C. Mitchell [paratype of C. flaviventer Hardy & Delfinado ] BPBM Acc. 1989.349 (BPBM). Other paratypes: HAWAIIAN ISLANDS: Hawai‘i: 1Ƥ, Pauahi, 4300 ft [1806m], Jun 1955, W.C. Mitchell [paratype of C. flaviventer Hardy & Delfinado ] [BPBM Ent 2008010519] (BPBM); 13, nr. Pawaina, Kona, 3000 ft [914 m], Jul 1953, D.E. Hardy [paratype of C. flaviventer Hardy & Delfinado ] (UHM); 13, Pauahi, 4300 ft [1310 m], Jul 1952, W.C. Mitchell [paratype of C. flaviventer Hardy & Delfinado ] (UHM); 33, forest above Pa‘auilo, 3000–3200 ft [914–975 m], 25 Aug 1965, J. Fujii (UHM); 13, 1Ƥ, Upper Ola‘a Forest, Aug 1952, W.C. Mitchell [paratypes of C. flaviventer Hardy & Delfinado ] (UHM); 13, Upper Ola‘a Forest, Aug 1953, D.E. Hardy [paratype of C. flaviventer Hardy & Delfinado ] (UHM); 23, Saddle Road, 14 Aug 1970, reared ex rotting Cibotium trunk, 2475, S.L. Montgomery (UHM); 1Ƥ, Thurston Lava Tube, 20 Oct 1972, J. Fujii (UHM); 13, Kīlauea, Keouhou Ranch, Aug 1953, D.E. Hardy [paratype of C. flaviventer Hardy & Delfinado ] (UHM); 13, Kaiholena, Kohala Mts, 4000 ft [1020 m], Aug 1952, D.E. Hardy [paratype of C. flaviventer Hardy & Delfinado ] (UHM); 1Ƥ, Mauna Loa truck trail, 4000 ft [1020 m], Aug 1952, D.E. Hardy [paratype of C. flaviventer Hardy & Delfinado ] (UHM); 1Ƥ, Saddle Road, Kipuka #14, Cheirodendron leaves, emerged 24 Apr 1973 [no collector] (UHM); 1Ƥ, Manuiahea, 4 Apr 1972, reared ex Urera bark, K.Y. Kaneshiro (UHM); 1Ƥ, Kilauea Forest Reserve, 5400 ft [1645 m], 20 Feb 1973, reared ex koa flux, S.L. Montgomery (UHM); 6Ƥ, Kulani State Prison, Kulani Boy’s Home, 4–6 May 1994, pan traps, D.A. Foote [15B-350, 15B-450, 15B-250, 11B-50] (BPBM); 27Ƥ, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, Ola‘a Forest, Pu‘u Unit, 4600 ft [1080 m], Jun-Aug 1993, [2002-001, 2076-003, 2082-001, 2357-004, 2370-002, 2396-001, 2406-002, 2428-001, 2528-001, 2625-001, 2757-002, 2802-001, 3038-002, 3269-003, 34121-001, 3541-001, 3682-002, 3791-001, 3859-004, 3880-002, 4034-001], green pan traps, D.A. Foote, N.L. Evenhuis (HAVO); 1Ƥ, Kohala Mts, Kohala Forest Reserve, 6–8 Aug 2012, 3873 ft [1153 m], 20°03.398'N, 155°40.097'W, yellow pan traps under ‘ ō hia near stream, N. Evenhuis (BPBM).

Etymology. The specific epithet derives from the Hawaiian “ aniani ” = “clear, obvious”, referring to the striking abdominal pattern and size.

Remarks. My experience observing adults of this species has almost invariably been of only females attracted to either the yellow pans I was setting up or the yellow rain jacket I wore into the rainforest. The reasons for the preponderance of females in the field as compared to many more males resulting from reared material is postulated above. Rearing records of immatures are given in Table 1.

Campsicnemus fumipennis Parent ( Figs. 3 , 8 , 13 , 17 )

Campsicnemus fumipennis Parent, 1937: 76 . Williams, 1938a: 120, 1940: 295; Parent, 1940: 228; Hardy, 1952: 454; Smith, 1952: 430; Brown, 1956: 139; Wirth & Stone, 1956: 450; Hardy & Kohn, 1964: 92; Tenorio, 1969: 3; Montgomery, 1975: 77; Bickel & Dyte, 1989: 410; Nishida, 1992; 95, 1994: 89, 1997: 75, 2002: 92; Evenhuis, 1996: 55, 2007: 25; Yang et al., 2006: 460.

Campsicnemus flaviventer Hardy & Kohn, 1964: 88 . Tenorio, 1969: 3, 41; Montgomery, 1975: 77; Hardy et al., 1981: 150, 151, 155; Bickel & Dyte, 1989: 410; Nishida, 1992: 95, 1994: 89, 1997: 75, 2002: 92; Evenhuis & Thompson, 2004: 208; Preston et al., 2004: 22; Yang et al., 2006: 460. New synonymy.

Campsicnemus funipennis: Satô, 1991: 53 (incorrect subsequent spelling).

Diagnosis. Similar to C. spectabulus , sp. nov. but can be easily separated from it by the distinctly shorter spiky setation on the male mid tibia (these hairs much longer and curved or wavy in C. spectabulus ) and the posterior crossvein about half as long as the last section of CuA1 (this crossvein subequal in length to the last section of CuA 1 in C. spectabulus ).

Description. Male: Body length: 3.75–4.00 mm. Wing length: 4.0–4.2 mm. Head: Face, front and clypeus yellow, gray tomentose; oc and vt black, about two-thirds length of antennal arista; occiput, and vertex black with blue-green to brassy highlights; postgena with long black hairs; face constricted at middle, holoptic for a length of 3 ommatidia; palpus small, dark brown; proboscis brown, extending below eye in lateral view; antenna ( Fig. 3 ) with scape and pedicel yellow, postpedicel brown to gray-brown; scape flared apically, length ca. 2X greatest width; pedicel subspherical, with ring of short spiky black setae subapically; postpedicel sublanceolate, length about 1.0–1.5X width, rounded apically; arista slightly longer than head height. Thorax: Mesonotum (except yellow humeri) and scutellum brown, golden pollinose dorsally and anteriorly; pleura yellow except anepimeron dark brown, laterotergite brown laterally, and katepisternum brown at base of CI, dark color extending ventrally in some specimens; dorsum of mesonotum with pair of brown admedian vittae (cf. Fig. 8 ), each vitta narrow anteriorly, flaring posteriorly to tear-drop shape near prescutellar area; thoracic setae very long, black: 1 + 4 dc; 2 np; 1 + 2 ph; 1 + 1 pa; 1 + 1 + 2 sc; 10–12 ac; halter stem and knob yellowish brown. Legs: CI yellowish, brown basally; coxae with normal setation, CII and CIII brown; fore and hind legs unmodified and without MSSC; FI and FII yellowish brown, FIII yellowish brown with darker brown at apex, without MSSC; remainder of legs yellowish brown to brown; FII with row of 12–14 black setae along ventral surface (MSSC), setae thinner toward apex and toward base; TiII ( Fig. 17 ) long, straight, with 5 long black setae subbasally, medially, and subapically on lateral surface (MSSC), mesal surface with short, stiff black spiky setae on basal one-half, sparser medially, intermixed with short fine hairs basally and apically, becoming appressed on apical third (MSSC), apex with pair of strong long black setae on mesal surface. IIt1 about 1.3X length of IIt2, without MSSC. Remaining leg segments unmodified and without MSSC. Wing ( Fig. 13 ): Subhyaline, with brownish infumation surrounding apical onehalf to one-third of R2+3 and R4+5 and coalesced between those two veins to wing margin; infuscation surrounding distal section of M1 and basally proximal to posterior crossvein; infuscation also along CuA1 just before, at, and after junction with posterior crossvein; posterior crossvein slightly more than one-half length of distal section of vein CuA1. Abdomen (cf. Fig. 8 ): Dark brown dorsally with yellow laterally and posterolaterally, yellow color most extensive on basal tergites, becoming less extensive on succeeding tergites; sternites with brown medially and basally, otherwise yellow; tergal vestiture black, strongest along posterior margin of tergite I. Hypopygium yellowish brown with yellow cerci, not dissected. Female: As in male except for lack of MSSC and the following: eyes holoptic, separated at medial constriction by width of two ommatidia; antennal postpedicel subhemispherical, length very short, ca. 1/4 greatest width, rounded apically; all brown areas of thorax darker and broader or more extensive than in males; CI brown, CII and CII dark brown; remainder of leg segments brown; wing with darker infuscation than male; abdominal coloration ( Fig. 8 ) more contrasting than in male.

Material examined. LECTOTYPE Ƥ ( BPBM 4059) (designated by Evenhuis, 2007: 25) from HAWAIIAN ISLANDS: Moloka‘i: Moaula, 2400 ft [730 m], 29 Nov 1933, F.X. Williams. Other material examined: HAWAIIAN ISLANDS: Moloka‘i: 2Ƥ, Maunawainui Val, Jul 1952, D.E. Hardy [paratype of C. flaviventer Hardy & Delfinado ] ( UHM); 1Ƥ, Pu‘u Kolekole, 4500 ft [1370 m], 6 Sep 1978, reared ex Clermontia bark, S.L. Montgomery ( UHM); 13, 3Ƥ, Maunawainui Val, Jul 1952, D.E. Hardy [paratype of C. flaviventer Hardy & Delfinado ] [ BPBM Ent 2008010509–10, 2008010517, 2008010519] ( BPBM); 13, same data, and paratype status except Aug 1953 [ BPBM Ent 2008010513] ( BPBM); 1Ƥ, Pu‘u Kolekole, Jul 1953, M. Tamashiro [paratype of C. flaviventer Hardy & Delfinado ] [ BPBM Ent 2008010518] ( BPBM). Maui (East): 13, Waikamoi, 4000 ft [1020 m], Aug 1958, D.E. Hardy ( UHM); 1Ƥ, same data except 24 Aug 1964, J.W. Beardsley ( UHM); 1Ƥ, Upper Hana Forest, 5675 ft [1730 m], G.W. Merrit ( UHM); 1Ƥ, Waikamoi, 4000 ft [1020 m], Aug 1958, D.E. Hardy [ BPBM Ent 2008010514] ( BPBM); 1Ƥ, Makawao, UTM 784111 2306186, 833 m, 23 Mar 2005, 0 2162, yellow pan, W. Haines ( BPBM); 1Ƥ, same data except, UTM 784101 2305264, 941 m, 23 Mar 2005, yellow pan, 0 1665, W. Haines ( BPBM); 1Ƥ, Makawao Forest Reserve, pig hunter’s trail, 21 Sep 2011, sweeping, K.R. Goodman, KRG1159, ( BPBM); 1Ƥ, same data except, 23 Sep 2011, pan trap in seep, KRG1190 ( BPBM). Maui (West): 1Ƥ, ridge above Kaulalewelewe, 3000 ft [914 m], 4 Aug 1964, D.E. Hardy [ BPBM Ent 2008010515] ( BPBM); 1Ƥ, Mt. Lihau summit, 4000 ft [1020 m], 8–9 May 1993, Malaise trap, D.A. Polhemus ( BPBM).

Remarks. Evenhuis (2007: 25) examined the type and gave label data and condition of the type specimen in addition to designating a lectotype. It should also be noted that Parent’s (1937) description gave the year of collection incorrectly as “1923”. The date on the label is “[19]33”, which better fits with the dates F.X. Williams was in Hawai‘i. Comparison of females of C. flaviventer from Moloka‘i (including paratypes) with the lectotype female of C. fumipennis during this study shows no differences between the two, thus the new synonymy here.

Etymology. The specific name of the senior synonym derives from the Latin fumi = “smoky” + pennis = “wing” referring to the smoky wing pattern along the veins.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Campsicnemus aniani, sp. nov., male habitus. Body length: 3.8 mm.

FIGURES 2 – 5. Campsicnemus male antennae. 2, C. aniani, sp. nov.; 3, C. fumipennis; 4, C. leucostoma, sp. nov.; 5, C. spectabulus, sp. nov.

FIGURES 7 – 10. Campsicnemus female thorax and abdomens. 7, C. aniani, sp. nov.; 8, C. fumipennis; 9, C. leucostoma, sp. nov.; 10, C. spectabulus, sp. nov.

FIGURES 12 – 15. Campsicnemus wings. 12, C. aniani, sp. nov.; 13, C. fumipennis; 14, C. leucostoma, sp. nov.; 15, C. spectabulus, sp. nov.

FIGURES 16 – 19. Campsicnemus male mid tibiae. 16, C. aniani, sp. nov.; 17, C. fumipennis; 18, C. leucostoma, sp. nov.; 19, C. spectabulus, sp. nov.