Vitalius sapiranga, Bertani, 2023

Bertani, Rogério, 2023, Two new species of Vitalius (Araneae: Theraphosidae) from the restingas of the states of Rio de Janeiro, Bahia and Sergipe, Brazil, Zoologia (e 23001) 40, pp. 1-17 : 2-8

Vitalius sapiranga sp. nov.

Figs 1–23 , 42–43

https://zoobank.org/ C5400EF9-49D5-4DCE-BFD1-69A0642B225A

Diagnosis. Males and females of Vitalius sapiranga sp. nov. resemble those of Vitalius longisternalis and V.restinga sp. nov. by the sternum much longer than wide ( Fig. 8 ). Males differ from those of V. longisternalis by the short apical keel ( Figs 1–3 ) and from V. restinga sp. nov. by the bulky embolus ( Figs 1–3 ). Females differ from those of V. longisternalis and V. restinga sp. nov. by the wider spermathecae receptacles ( Figs 12–15 ).

Type material. Holotype male from Brazil, state of Bahia, Mata de São João, Arembepe [12°46’S, 38°11’W], I. Grantsau col. ( IBSP 6449 , Ref. 11127); paratype female, state of Sergipe, Santa Luzia do Itanhy , Crasto [11°23’S, 37°24’W], A. D. Brescovit et al., November 1996 ( IBSP 8534 , Ref. 79901); paratypes 2 females, 3 immature males from Brazil state of Sergipe, Santo Amaro das Brotas (Gravatá) [10°48’S, 37°00’W], no collector, 23 March 1978, together with several Pachistopelma bromelicola Bertani, 2012 ( MZUSP 77912 ); paratype male from Brazil, state of Bahia, Mata de São João , Arembepe [12°46’S, 38°11’W], I. Grantsau col. ( IBSP 6449 , Ref. 81123); paratype male, same locality and collector ( IBSP 6448 Ref. 81123); paratype male, same locality and collector ( IBSP 6450 , Ref 81123); paratype male from Brazil, state of Bahia, Mata de São João , Praia do Forte , RPPN Sapiranga [12°34’S, 38°02’W], R. Bertani, C.S. Fukushima and R. H. Nagahama col., 2 October 2007 in bromeliad, matured in captivity ( MNRJ 07724 ); paratype male, same locality, collectors and data, in bromeliad, matured in captivity ( MNRJ 07725 ); paratype female, same locality, collectors and data, in bromeliad with eggsac ( MNRJ 07726 ).

Description. Holotype male. Carapace:19.65 long, 17.65 wide, chelicerae 9.35. Legs (femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus, tarsus, total): I: 18.86, 9.60, 16.01, 15.18, 8.53, 68.18. II: 17.70, 8.18, 14.23, 14.70, 8.53, 63.34. III: 15.00, 7.80, 12.71, 15.62, 8.14, 59.27. IV: 18.35, 8.03, 15.77, 21.91, 9.04, 73.10. Palp: 11.47, 6.13, 9.35, –, 4.10, 31.05. Midwidths: femora I–IV = 3.50, 3.51, 4.43, 3.68, palp = 2.48; patellae I–IV = 3.45, 3.42, 3.59, 3.36, palp = 2.73; tibiae I–IV = 2.89, 2.81, 2.71, 2.83, palp = 3.11; metatarsi I–IV = 1.91, 1.71, 1.83, 1.74; tarsi I–IV = 1.51, 1.35, 1.42, 1.42, palp = 2.10. Abdomen 16.28 long, 9.00 wide. Spinnerets: PMS, 2.06 long, 0.72 wide, 0.94 apart; PLS, 2.91 basal, 2.52 middle, 3.53 distal; midwidths 1.11, 0.97, 0.69, respectively.

Carapace: Length to width 1.11; cephalic area moderately raised, thoracic striae deep. Fovea: deep, straight, 2.81 wide. Carapace covered with short, slender, dense setae, bordered with long setae pointing out. Eyes and eye tubercle: Tubercle 0.77 high, 2.05 long, 2.64 wide. Clypeus

0.40 wide. Anterior row procurved, posterior recurved. Sizes and inter-distances: AME 0.56, ALE 0.72, PME 0.40, PLE 0.58, AME–AME 0.43, AME–ALE 0.27, AME–PME 0.20, ALE–ALE 1.62, ALE–PME 0.44, PME–PME 1.25, PME–PLE 0.21, PLE–PLE 1.92, ALE–PLE 0.36, AME–PLE 0.65. Eye group 2.64 wide, 1.32 long. Maxillae: Length 5.40, width 3.69. Cuspules: ca. 212 spread over ventral inner heel. Lyra absent. Labium: 2.16 long, 3.20 wide, with ca. 181 cuspules spaced by ca. one diameter from each other on the anteri- or third center. Labio-sternal groove deep with two large sigilla ( Fig. 8 ). Chelicerae: Rastellum absent, basal segment with 9 teeth on promargin and ca. 20 denticles on basal area. Sternum: Length 9.39, width 6.57. Posterior angle rounded, not separating coxae IV. Sigilla: first and second pairs rounded; third oval, all ca. one diameter from margin ( Fig. 8 ). Legs: leg formula: IV I II III. Clavate trichobothria: on distal 2/3 of tarsi I–IV. Stridulatory setae: Absent. Scopula: Retrolateral femur IV scopulate. Tarsi I–IV fully scopulate. Metatarsi I-II fully scopulate, III 1/2, IV 1/4 distal scopulate. Metatarsus IV scopula divided by row of 3–4 setae. Spination: palp: femur p0-0-1, patella p1, tibia v0-1-0, p2-4-2; leg I: femur p0-0-1, patella 0, tibia v2-2-1, p1-0-0, r0-1- 1, metatarsus v0-1-1ap; leg II: femur p0-1-1, patella 0, tibia v2-2-4ap, p1-1-1, r0-1-0; metatarsus v1-1-2ap, p2-0-0, r0-1-0; leg III: femur p0-0-1, r0-0-1, patella p1, r1, tibia v1-2-4ap, p1- 1-1, r1-1-0, metatarsus v3-3-3ap, p1-1-1, r0-1-1; leg IV: femur r0-0-1, patella 0, tibia v2-2-4(2ap), p0-1-1, r1-1-1, metatarsus v19(3ap), p1-2-1, r1-1-1. Claws: ITC absent from all legs; STC with a single row of 4–7 denticles on all legs. Urticating setae: Abdomen bald. Information from specimen MNRJ 07725. Position, type and length range: MA, I, 0.30–0.42; LA, I, 0.26–0.30; MM, I, 0.63–0.65; LM, I, 0.23–0.29; MP, I, 0.29–0.38; LP, I, 0.32–0.34. Intermediates of types I and III on MM region having very small to absent reversed barbed region ( Bertani 2001, Bertani and Guadanucci 2013); distribution of urticating setae on abdomen corresponds to fig. 5 in Bertani and Guadanucci (2013). Palp ( Figs 1–3 ). Palpal bulb pyriform, embolus length 1.78, tegulum length 2.45, embolus slightly flattened laterally at distal region, apex short. Prolateral keels present. PS forming embolus edge distally. A present, short. R present, sharp. SA present, well developed. Bifid tibial spur ( Figs 4–7 ) with processes originating from common well-developed base, both roughly straight, retrolateral slightly longer. A large romboid spine at the internal face of prolateral process and another at the internal face of distal retrolateral process. Metatarsus I curved at basal third, when folded touches the retrolateral face of retrolateral tibial process ( Fig. 7 ). Color pattern: Carapace and chelicerae brown. Carapace bordered with scattered light brown long setae, chelicerae with long light brown setae. Legs brown with abundant light brown long setae, mainly on ventral area. Coxae of legs, sternum, labium and maxillae covered ventrally with light brown setae. Abdomen dorsally and ventrally black with abundant long reddish setae. Femora, patellae, tibiae and metatarsi of legs and palp lacking light stripes. Apex of leg segments with very discrete whitish rings.

Paratype female IBSP 8534 . Carapace 18.15 long, 14.97 wide, chelicerae 11.74. Legs (femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus, tarsus, total): I: 12.65, 7.39, 10.60, 8.88, 5.68, 45.20. II: 11.37, 6.82, 9.28, 8.73, 5.22, 41.42. III: 10.27, 5.78, 7.89, 9.46, 6.07, 39.47. IV: 12.41, 6.81, 11.05, 13.77, 5.61, 49.65. Palp: 9.05, 6.07, 7.26, –, 5.71, 28.09. Midwidths: femora I– IV = 2.76, 2.85, 3.40, 3.12, palp = 2.19; patellae I– IV = 3.06, 3.05, 2.80, 2.90, palp = 2.62; tibiae I– IV = 2.57, 2.43, 2.57, 2.76, palp = 2.42; metatarsi I– IV = 2.05, 1.89, 1.85, 1.67; tarsi I– IV = 2.02, 1.98, 1.98, 1.98, palp = 2.01. Abdomen 21.93 long, 17.47 wide. Spinnerets: PMS, 2.58 long, 0.84 wide, 1.63 apart; PLS, 3.97 basal, 3.04 middle, 3.18 distal; midwidths 1.42, 1.32, 1.03, respectively .

Carapace: Length to width 1.21; cephalic area moderataly raised, thoracic striae deep. Fovea: deep, straight, 2.81 wide. Carapace covered with short, slender, dense setae, bordered with long setae pointing out and some longer setae directed to the internal area. Eyes and eye tubercle: Tubercle 0.56 high, 1.88 long, 2.71 wide. Clypeus 0.53 wide. Anterior row procurved, posterior slightly recurved. Sizes and inter-distances: AME 0.57, ALE 0.66, PME 0.41, PLE 0.55, AME–AME 0.39, AME–ALE 0.31, AME–PME 0.18, ALE–ALE 1.70, ALE–PME 0.52, PME–PME 1.24, PME–PLE 0.22, PLE– PLE 2.02, ALE–PLE 0.33, AME–PLE 0.60. Eye group 2.62 wide, 1.24 long. Maxillae: Length 5.08, width 3.75. Cuspules: ca. 317 spread over ventral inner heel. Lyra absent. Labium 2.03 long, 3.51 wide, with 191 cuspules spaced by ca. one diameter from each other on the anterior third center. Labio-sternal groove deep, narrow, with two large sigilla. Chelicerae: Rastellum absent, basal segment with 9 teeth on promargin and 22 denticles on basal area. Sternum: Length 9.17, width 7.01. Posterior angle rounded, not separating coxae IV. Sigilla: first and second pairs rounded; third oval, all pairs ca. one diameter from margin. Legs: formula: IV I II III. Clavate trichobothria: on distal 2/3 of tarsi I–IV. Stridulatory setae: Absent. Scopula: Retrolateral femur IV scopulate. Tarsi I–IV fully scopulate. Metatarsi I–II 4/5, III 1/2, IV 1/4 distal scopulate. Metatarsus IV not divided by row of setae. Spination: palp: femur p0-0-1, patella 0, tibia v0-1-4ap, p0-1-1, leg I: femur p0-0-1, patella 0, tibia v0-1-3ap, metatarsus v0-0-1ap; leg II: femur p0-0-1, patella 0, tibia v1- 1-3ap, p1-1-0; metatarsus v1-0-3ap, p1-0-0; leg III: femur 0, patella 0, tibia v1-2-3ap, p1-1-1, r1-1-0, metatarsus v3-2-4ap, p1-1-1, r1-1-0; leg IV: femur 0, patella 0, tibia v0-2-6(4ap), p1-1-1, r1-1-0, metatarsus v20(4ap), p1-1-1, r0-1-1. Claws: ITC absent from all legs; Palp with an unpaired smooth claw, STC with 3–7 denticles on a single row. Urticating setae: Abdomen bald. Information from specimen MNRJ 07726. Position, type and length range: MA, I, 0.20–0.22; LA, I, 0.19–0.21; MM, I, 0.46–0.53; LM, I, 0,24–0.27. MP, I, 0.36–0.43; LP, I, 0.27–0.30. Intermediates of types I and III on MM region having small to absent reversed barbed region ( Bertani 2001, Bertani and Guadanucci 2013); distribution of urticating setae on abdomen corresponds to fig. 5 in Bertani and Guadanucci (2013).

Genitalia. Two short spermathecae separated by heavily sclerotized short area, spermathecal stalk slightly narrower than rounded spermathecal bulb ( Fig. 12 ).

Color pattern: As in male.

Distribution. Brazil, known only from restingas in the coast of the states of Sergipe and northeastern Bahia ( Figs 42–43 ).

Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the Sapiranga Private Heritage Reserve (RPPN) in Mata de São João, state of Bahia, a typical area where the species occurs.

Figures

Figures 1–3. Vitalius sapiranga sp. nov., holotype male, left bulb: (1) retrolateral; (2) prolateral; (3) dorsal. (A) apical keel, (PI) prolateral inferior keel, (PS) prolateral superior keel, (R) retrolateral keel, (SA) subapical keel. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Figures 4–8. Vitalius sapiranga sp. nov., holotype male. (4–6) Left leg I tibial apophysis: (4) ventral; (5) prolateral; (6) retrolateral; (7) metatarsus and tibia I, retrolateral; (8) sternum, labium, maxillae and coxae. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Figures 9–11. Vitalius sapiranga sp. nov., MNRJ 07725, male, left bulb, variation: (9) retrolateral; (10) prolateral; (11) dorsal. (A) apical keel, (PI) prolateral inferior keel, (PS) prolateral superior keel, (R) retrolateral keel, (SA) subapical keel. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Figures 12–15. Vitalius sapiranga sp. nov., females, spermathecae, dorsal: (12) IBSP 8534; (13) MZUSP 77912; (14) MNRJ 07726; (15) same, exuvium. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Figures 16–19.Vitalius sapiranga sp. nov., alive: (16) female (MNRJ 07726); (17) male (MNRJ 07725); (18) female (IBSP 8534); (19) immature from Brazil, state of Sergipe, Santa Luzia do Itanhy, Crasto. Photos: Rogério Bertani.

Figures 20–23. Vitalius sapiranga sp. nov., habitat: (20) general view of a restinga area in RPPN Sapiranga, Mata de São João, state of Bahia, Brazil; (21) bromeliad in the same area; (22) female with eggsac using the bromeliad as retreat; (23) same, detail. Photos: Rogério Bertani.

Figures 42–44. Distribution of Vitalius sapiranga sp. nov. and V. restinga sp. nov. in Brazil: (42) map of Brazil showing the distribution of both species; (43) Detail of the distribution of V. sapiranga sp. nov.; (44) Detail of the distribution of V. restinga sp. nov. (Red circle) V. sapiranga sp. nov., (Blue square) V. restinga sp. nov.; (BA) state of Bahia, Brazil, (BR) Brazil, (RJ) state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, (SE) state of Sergipe, Brazil.