Vitalius restinga, Bertani, 2023

Bertani, Rogério, 2023, Two new species of Vitalius (Araneae: Theraphosidae) from the restingas of the states of Rio de Janeiro, Bahia and Sergipe, Brazil, Zoologia (e 23001) 40, pp. 1-17 : 8-14

Vitalius restinga sp. nov.

Figs 24–42, 44

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Diagnosis. Males and females of Vitalius restinga sp. nov. resemble those of Vitalius longisternalis and V. sapiranga sp. nov. by the sternum much longer than wide ( Fig. 35 ). Males differ from those of V.longisternalis by the short apical keel ( Figs 28–30 ) and from V. sapiranga sp. nov. by the slender embolus ( Figs 28–30 ). Females differ from those of V. longisternalis and V. sapiranga sp. nov. by the slender spermathecae receptacles ( Figs 24–27 ). Additionally, males and females of V. restinga sp. nov. can be distinguished from those of V. longisternalis and V. sapiranga sp. nov. by the whitish setae on the retrolateral face of chelicerae.

Type material. Holotype female from Brazil, state of Rio de Janeiro, Arraial do Cabo, Ilha de Cabo Frio [22°59’S, 41°59’W], R. L. C. Baptista col, 1985, T09 ( MNRJ 12939 ); paratype male from Brazil, state of Rio de Janeiro, Búzios [22°45’S, 41°53’W], J. Batista col. 27 January 2000 ( IBSP 8057 ); paratype male from Brazil, state of Rio de Janeiro, Arraial do Cabo [22°45’S, 41°19’W], Prof. B. Manchal col., 9 March 1980 ( MNRJ 13716 ); paratype female from Brazil, state of Rio de Janeiro, Arraial do Cabo , Ilha de Cabo Frio [22°59’S, 41°59’W], R. L.C. Baptista col., August 1985, T56 ( MNRJ 07723 ); paratype female from Brazil, state of Rio de Janeiro, Macaé, APA SANA, Trilha Peito de Pombo [22°18’S, 42°12W], A. Chagas Jr. and B. Segal col., 18 August 2002 ( MNRJ 12948 ); paratype female from Brazil, state of Rio de Janeiro, Maricá, Itaipuaçu, km 6 [22°57’S, 42°57’W], no collector, 20 April 1972, in restinga ( MNRJ 13551 ); paratypes female and immature from Brazil, state of Rio de Janeiro, Maricá, Ponta Negra [22°54’S, 42°43’W], Equipe de malacologia e alunos de pós-graduação col., 1–2 June 1977 ( MNRJ 13735 ); paratype female from Brazil, state of Rio de Janeiro, Saquarema [22°53’S, 42°28’W], L. N. Garcia-Neto col., 12 February 1997 ( MNRJ 13718 ); paratype male from Brazil, state of Rio de Janeiro, Praia de Massambaba [22°55’S, 42°2’W], no collector ( IBSP 300870 , Ref 78336).

Description. Holotype female. Carapace 19.87 long, 16.10 wide, chelicera 11.50. Legs (femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus, tarsus, total): I: 13.63, 8.70, 10.25, 9.60, 6.06, 48.24. II: 12.25, 7.62, 8.92, 8.93, 5.95, 43.67. III: 11.15, 7.38, 8.31 9.35, 6.16, 42.35. IV: 13.34, 7.82, 11.31, 13.44, 6.85, 52.76. Palp: 10.24, 6.35, 7.62, –, 6.94, 31.15. Midwidths: femora I–IV = 2.76, 3.10, 3.51, 3.17, palp = 2.31; patellae I–IV = 3.15, 3.22, 3.13, 3.24, palp = 2.78; tibiae I–IV = 2.78, 2.60, 2.76, 2.85, palp = 2.57; metatarsi I–IV = 2.30, 2.20, 2.09, 2.01; tarsi I–IV = 2.30, 2.23, 2.09, 2.18, palp = 2.08. Abdomen 22.72 long, 16.70 wide. Spinnerets: PMS, 2.60 long, 1.17 wide, 1.56 apart; PLS, 3.54 basal, 2.78 middle, 3.89 distal; midwidths 1.78, 1.67, 1.14, respectively.

Carapace. Length to width 1.23; cephalic area raised, thoracic striae deep. Fovea: deep, straight, 3.39 wide. Carapace covered with short, slender, dense setae, bordered with long setae pointing out and some long setae pointing to the inner side. Eyes and eye tubercle: Tubercle 0.68 high, 2.25 long, 2.67 wide. Clypeus 0.31 wide. Anterior row procurved, posterior slightly recurved. Sizes and inter-distances: AME 0.66, ALE 0.68, PME 0.48, PLE 0.62, AME–AME 0.38, AME– ALE 0.31, AME–PME 0.19, ALE–ALE 1.72, ALE–PME 0.61, PME–PME 1.35, PME–PLE 0.16, PLE–PLE 1.98, ALE–PLE 0.33, AME–PLE 0.54. Eye group 2.64 wide, 1.43 long. Maxillae: Length 5.41, width 3.80. Cuspules: ca. 319 spread over ventral inner heel. Lyra absent. Labium 2.38 long, 3.89 wide, with 180 cuspules spaced by ca. one diameter from each other on the anterior third center. Labio-sternal groove deep, narrow, with two large sigilla.

Chelicerae. Rastellum absent, basal segment with 13 teeth on promargin and 23 denticles on basal area. Sternum: Length 9.51, width 6.89. Posterior angle rounded, not separating coxae IV. Sigilla: three pairs, ovals, all ca. one diameter from margin. Legs: formula: I = IV II III. Clavate trichobothria: on distal 2/3 of tarsi I–IV. Stridulatory setae: Absent. Scopula: Retrolateral femur IV scopulate. Tarsi I–IV fully scopulate. Metatarsi I–II fully scopulate; III 2/3, IV 2/5 distal scopulate. Metatarsus IV not divided by setae. Spination: palp: femur 0, patella 0, tibia v0-0-5(4ap), p0-1-1, leg I:

femur 0, patella 0, tibia v0-0-2ap, metatarsus v0-0-1ap; leg II: femur 0, patella 0, tibia v0-0-2ap; metatarsus v0-0-2ap; leg III: femur 0, patella 0, tibia v0-0-2ap, r0-0-1, metatarsus v1-1-7ap, p0-0-1; leg IV: femur 0, patella 0, tibia v0-1-4(3ap), r0-0-1ap, metatarsus v17(4ap), p0-0-1. Claws: ITC absent from all legs; Palp with an unpaired smooth claw, STC with 1–5 denticles on a single row. Urticating setae: Position, type and length range: MA, I, 0.19–0.20; LA, I, 0.19–0.22; MM, I, 0.32–0.37; LM, I, 0.29–0.33. MP, I, 0.33–0.39; LP, I, 0.33–0.36; distribution of urticating setae on abdomen corresponds to fig. 5 in Bertani and Guadanucci (2013).

Genitalia. ( Fig. 24 ): Two short spermathecae separated by sclerotized short area, spermathecal stalk narrower than rounded spermathecal bulb.

Color pattern. Carapace brown bordered with scattered light brown long setae. Chelicerae brown with abundant whitish short setae. Legs brown with abundant light brown long setae, mainly on ventral area. Labium and maxillae reddish brown. Coxae of legs ventrally and sternum light brown with light brown longer setae. Abdomen dorsally and ventrally brownish with abundant long yellowish setae. Femora, patellae, tibiae and basal third of metatarsi of legs and palp dorsally with very discrete whitish stripes. Apex of leg segments with discrete whitish rings.

Paratype male IBSP 8057 . Carapace 17.96 long, 15.33 wide, chelicerae 9.12. Legs (femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus, tarsus, total): I: 15.96, 7.71, 13.08, 13.21, 7.59, 57.55. II: 15.29, 7.30, 11.37, 11.89, 7.17, 53.02. III: 12.77, 7.06, 10.36, 12.12, 6.87, 49.18. IV: 15.56, 7.33, 13.64, 17.63, 7.44, 61.60. Palp: 9.59, 5.50, 8.41, –, 3.92, 27.42. Midwidths: femora I– IV = 3.07, 2.88, 3.39, 2.93, palp = 1.95; patellae I– IV = 2.98, 3.14, 3.08, 3.03, palp = 2.57; tibiae I– IV = 2.59, 2.36, 2.56, 2.70, palp = 2.58; metatarsi I– IV = 1.72, 1.83, 1.75, 1.79; tarsi I– IV = 1.62, 1.54, 1.44, 1.50, palp = 2.07. Abdomen 15.74 long, 9.54 wide. Spinnerets: PMS, 2.27 long, 0.93 wide, 1.11 apart; PLS, 2.79 basal, 2.46 middle, 3.23 distal; midwidths 1.24, 1.15, 0.90, respectively .

Carapace. Length to width 1.17; cephalic area moderately raised, thoracic striae deep. Fovea: deep, straight, 2.20 wide. Carapace covered with short, slender, dense setae, bordered with long setae pointing out. Eyes and eye tubercle: Tubercle 0.86 high, 1.94 long, 2.66 wide. Clypeus 0.14 wide. Anterior row procurved, posterior slightly recurved. Sizes and inter-distances: AME 0.64, ALE 0.67, PME 0.37, PLE 0.59, AME–AME 0.31, AME–ALE 0.29, AME–PME 0.20, ALE–ALE 1.63, ALE–PME 0.52, PME–PME 1.24, PME–PLE 0.15, PLE– PLE 1.86, ALE–PLE 0.29, AME–PLE 0.54. Eye group 2.62 wide, 1.36 long. Maxillae: Length 4.94, width 2.81. Cuspules: ca. 254 spread over ventral inner heel. Lyra absent ( Fig. 35 ). Labium:

2.27 long, 3.16 wide, with ca. 150 cuspules spaced by less than one diameter from each other on the anterior third center. Labio-sternal groove deep with two large sigilla ( Fig. 35 ).

Chelicerae. Rastellum absent, basal segment with 11 teeth on promargin and 19 denticles on basal area. Sternum: Length 8.12, width 6.26. Posterior angle rounded, not separating coxae IV. Sigilla: three pairs, ovals, all ca. one diameter from margin ( Fig. 35 ). Legs: leg formula: IV I II III. Clavate trichobothria: on distal 2/3 of tarsi I–IV. Stridulatory setae: absent. Scopula: Retrolateral femur IV scopulate. Tarsi I–IV fully scopulate. Metatarsi I–II fully scopulate, III 2/3, IV 2/5 distal scopulate. Metatarsus IV scopula not divided by row of setae. Spination: palp: femur p0-0-1, patella 0, tibia p3-2-1; leg I: femur p0-0-1, patella 0, tibia v0-0-1, metatarsus v0-0-1ap; leg II: femur 0, patella 0, tibia v0-1-4ap; metatarsus v0-0-1ap; leg III: femur 0, patella 0, tibia v1-0-2ap, p0-0-1, r0-0-1, metatarsus v0-2-3ap, p1-0-1, r0-0-1; leg IV: femur 0, patella 0, tibia v1-4-4(3ap), r0-1-0, metatarsus v22(4ap), p0-0-1. Claws: ITC absent from all legs; STC with a single row of 3–6 denticles on all legs.

Urticating hairs: Position, type and length range: MA, I, 0.24–0.28; LA, I, 0.24–0.30; MM, bald; LM, I, 0.27–0.28; MP, I, 0.24–0.30; LP, bald; distribution of urticating setae on abdomen corresponds to fig 5 in Bertani and Guadanucci (2013) .

Palp ( Figs 28–30 ). Palpal bulb pyriform, embolus length 2.10, tegulum length 1.24, embolus slightly flattened laterally at distal region, apex short. Prolateral keels present. PS forming embolus edge distally. A present, short. R present, sharp. SA present, weakly developed. Bifid tibial spur with processes originating from common base, both roughly straight, retrolateral longer, with a slight curvature at its distal portion. A romboid spine at the internal face of prolateral process and another at the internal face of distal retrolateral process ( Figs 31–34 ). Metatarsus I with a curvature at its proximal third, when folded touches the retrolateral face of retrolateral process ( Fig. 34 ).

Color pattern. As in female.

Distribution: Brazil, known only from some restingas in the coast of the state of Rio de Janeiro ( Figs 42, 44 ).

Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the restinga, a Brazilian ecoregion, where this species is found.

Remarks. Only three males of V. restinga sp. nov. were available for study and the male bulbs show an important degree of intraspecific variation ( Figs 28–30 , 36–38 ), as in the paratype used in the description the keels are not so developed. I have no doubt, though, they are conspecific, since the three specimens are from close localities and have a much longer than wide sternum and their chelicerae have whitish setae. I have already seen this type of variation in other Vitalius species having underdeveloped keels on the male bulb.

Figures

Figures 24–27. Vitalius restinga sp. nov., females, spermathecae, dorsal: (24) holotype (MNRJ 12939); (25) MNRJ 07723; (26) MNRJ 12948; (27) (MNRJ 13735). Scale bars: 1 mm.

Figures 28–30. Vitalius restinga sp. nov., male IBSP 8057, left bulb: (28) retrolateral; (29) prolateral; (30) dorsal. (A) apical keel, (PI) prolateral inferior keel, (PS) prolateral superior keel, (R) retrolateral keel, (SA) subapical keel. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Figures 31–35. Vitalius restinga sp. nov., male IBSP 8057. (31–33) Left leg I tibial apophysis: (31) ventral; (32) prolateral; (33) retrolateral; (34) metatarsus and tibia I, retrolateral; (35) sternum, labium, maxillae and coxae. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Figures 36–38. Vitalius restinga sp. nov., male IBSP 300870, left bulb, variation: (36) retrolateral; (37) prolateral; (38) dorsal. (A) apical keel, (PI) prolateral inferior keel, (PS) prolateral superior keel, (R) retrolateral keel, (SA) subapical keel. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Figures 39–41. Vitalius restinga sp. nov., alive: (39) male IBSP 8057; (40, 41) female from Brazil, state of Rio de Janeiro, Saquarema, praia de Massambaba, in nature. Photos: (39) Rogério Bertani; (40, 41) Bruna Pozzebon.

Figures 42–44. Distribution of Vitalius sapiranga sp. nov. and V. restinga sp. nov. in Brazil: (42) map of Brazil showing the distribution of both species; (43) Detail of the distribution of V. sapiranga sp. nov.; (44) Detail of the distribution of V. restinga sp. nov. (Red circle) V. sapiranga sp. nov., (Blue square) V. restinga sp. nov.; (BA) state of Bahia, Brazil, (BR) Brazil, (RJ) state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, (SE) state of Sergipe, Brazil.