Rana temporaria, Linnaeus, 1758

Simakov, Iuriy, Nikiforov-Nikishin, Alexey, Nikiforov-Nikishin, Dmitry & Beketov, Sergey, 2021, Amphibian and fish eye lens used as biomarker of remote and chronic environmental contamination, Ecologica Montenegrina 45, pp. 72-82 : 75

Experimental groups Rana temporaria

In the second part of the work, biomicroscopy of the lens of adult grass frogs ( Rana temporaria ) is carried out to reveal the possibility of using the amphibian lens as a biomarker for assessing remote contamination of the aquatic and terrestrial environment ( Li, 2019; Williams, 2019).

To analyze morphological abnormalities in the lens, two batches of frogs were caught. The first of them, frogs, caught in the Mozhaisky district of the Moscow region of the Russian Federation, the most ecologically clean zone of the Moscow region ( Voronich, 2014) .

Second group of animals was caught in an urbanized zone of the reserve in Moscow, accordingly to Department of Nature Management and Environmental Protection of the Moscow (Kulbachevsky, 2019) .

Animals for experiments were selected in the natural environment, for which a special permit was obtained (Department of Nature Management and Environmental Protection of the City of Moscow, 02/05/2020), groups were formed from spring-sized individuals without signs of diseases and anomalies. For the study, frogs were adapted for laboratory keeping according to standard protocols. In this batch,which we studied, 125 animals (55 males, 70 females). The age of frogs is 3 years old and above .