Egle ciliata ( Walker, 1849 )

Michelsen, Verner, 2009, Revision of the willow catkin flies, genus Egle Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Anthomyiidae), in Europe and neighbouring areas, Zootaxa 2043 (1), pp. 1-76 : 23-25

4. Egle ciliata ( Walker, 1849)

Figs. 28 , 57–62 , 75–77 .

‘ Anthomyia muscaria (Fabricius) ’; Meigen 1826: 170. Misdentification.

Anthomyia determinata Walker, 1849: 954 . Synonymized with Chortophila muscaria auct. by Stein (1901: 195).

Eriphia ciliata Walker, 1849: 961 . Synonymized with Chortophila muscaria auct. by Stein (1901: 192).

Corthophila [sic!] palpella Rondani, 1871: 328 . Synonymized with Chortophila muscaria auct. by Rondani (1877: 219, 297).

Egle muscaria auct., nec Fabricius; Schnabl & Dziedzicki 1911: 105, plate figs. 245, 246; Karl 1928: 188, fig. 64; Kröber 1931: 82; Audcent 1932: 368; Karl 1937: 139; Tiensuu 1936: 14; Ringdahl 1952: 176; Gäbler 1958: 801, 802, 804; Ringdahl 1959: 271, figs 15, 99; Ringdahl 1960: 29; Hennig 1967a: 141, text figs. 132, 133, plate figs 143, 156; Ackland 1970: 187, 192; Elberg 1970: 496; 778; Suwa 1974: 88, figs. 225–229; Hennig 1976: 937, 938; Hackman 1980: 132; Suh & Kwon 1985: 184, fig. 8(1–6); Draber-Moṅko 1991: 234; Gorodkov et al. 1995: 6; Xue et al. 1998: 660, fig. 1477; Hua 2006: 98.

Chortophila muscaria auct., nec Fabricius; Ringdahl 1914: 152; Kramer 1917: 304; Huckett 1921: 303, fig. 12; Falcoz 1930: 150.

Chortophila (Egle) muscaria auct., nec Fabricius; Stein 1916: 192; De Meijere 1919: 184; Séguy 1923: 103, figs. 168c, 189.

Xenophorbia muscaria auct., nec Fabricius; Malloch 1920a: 175.

Hylemyia muscaria auct., nec Fabricius; Ringdahl 1930: 5; Séguy 1934: 236.

Hylemyia (Egle) muscaria auct., nec Fabricius; Ringdahl 1933: 29.

Egle parva Robineau-Desvoidy ;? Dušek 1969: 11, tab. 4 (1);? Dušek 1970: 6, tab. 3 (2), tab. 4 (1, 2), pl. 4 (1, 2). [Misidentification.]

Egle ciliata (Walker) ; Michelsen 1979: 193; Barták et al. 1990: 446; Gosseries & Ackland 1991: 185; Dely-Draskovits 1993: 51; Chandler 1998: 166; Michelsen & Merz 1998: 314; Suwa 1999: 221; Teschner 1999: 131; Grossmann 2000: 177; Darvas 2001: 394; Darvas et al. 2001: 309; Petersen 2001: 184; Beuk et al. 2002: 316; Griffiths 2003: 2300, figs. 2594, 2598–2602; Michelsen 2004; Lutovinovas 2004: 70; Komzáková 2006.

For further references, see Bezzi & Stein (1907), Séguy (1937) and Griffiths (2003).

Taxonomic note. Michelsen (1979) made clear that Fabricius described two different species of muscoid flies with a long, slender proboscis by the name Stomoxys muscaria – in 1777 and 1794 respectively. Fabricius’ 1777-proposal of muscaria referred to an unidentified species of Tachinidae , while his 1794-proposal – deemed unavailable as a primary junior homonym – referred to the anthomyiid Pegoplata aestiva ( Meigen, 1826) , a species superficially resembling Egle muscaria auct. The first available names for the present species are Anthomyia determinata Walker, 1849 described from a female holotype from Nova Scotia ( Canada) and Eriphia ciliata Walker 1849 from a male holotype from Ontario ( Canada). In spite of page precedence of the former name, Michelsen (1979) chose as “first reviser” ciliata Walker as the valid name for the present species for the reason that unambiguous identification is easier in male than female Egle .

Description. Large, wing length 3.9–6.0mm. Head ( Fig. 28 ) about as long as high due to strongly dilated lower occiput and forwardly projected lower facial margin reaching far beyond level of fronto-parafacial angle. Haustellum very long and slender, ca. 0.8 times as long as fore tibia. Palp equally long, very slender on basal part. Prementum darkly subshining through a thin layer of dusting. Presutural acrostichal setal rows much closer to each other than to adjacent dorsocentral setal rows. Prealar seta long, about same length as anterior notopleural seta. Proepisternals (2–)3. Lower calypter almost same size as upper calypter. Fore tibia with 2–3 pd-setae, all thin and hair-like. Male. Setae and setulae on head, body and legs very proliferous; setae tend to be fine, poorly differentiated from adjacent longish setulae. Frons on narrowest upper part usually narrower than diameter of anterior ocellus, with very narrow parafrontals contiguous or slightly separated. Gena broad, setae numerous, in large cluster. Proepimerals 9–20. Mid tibia without ad-seta. Hind femur with longish pv-setae on basal two-thirds. Terminalia ( Figs. 57–62 ): Distinguished from other species of the species group by very broad, basally expanded surstyli and flattened, emarginate apical extension of cerci. Female. Oviscapt ( Figs. 75–77 ): Hind marginal setulae on tergite VIII irregular, bi-serial; pair of fine setae present at hind margin of sternite VIII; cerci moderately wide, rather parallel-sided in broadest aspect, rounded at apex.

Material examined. European specimens seem from AUSTRIA, BRITISH ISLES, CZECH REPUBLIC, DENMARK, FINLAND, FRANCE, GERMANY, NORWAY, and SWEDEN. TURKEY [ ZMUC]: Bursa : Uludaǧ National Park, 1500–1800m, on flowering Salix , 9 males 2 females 9.v.1993 ( V. Michelsen). Nearctic specimens seen from CANADA: Ontario .

Biology. A locally very abundant species in western and central Europe on Goat willow ( Salix caprea L.) and other early-flowering willows.

Distribution. A Holarctic species. Very widespread although apparently avoiding the northernmost provinces in Fennoscandia. European distribution as summarized by Michelsen (2004): Austria, Belgium, British Isles, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Slovakia, Sweden and Switzerland. Lutovinovas (2004) added Lithuania. Not reported from the Mediterranean parts of Europe and North Africa, but presently reported as new for Turkey: Uludaǧ Mts., a high-altitude “island” in the NW part of the country. Eastern Palaearctic distribution includes Russia: Kamchatka ( Ringdahl 1930), China: Heilongjiang ( Hennig 1976), Liaoning, Inner Mongolia ( Hua 2006), Japan ( Suwa 1999) and Korea (Suh & Kwon 1985). Widespread and locally abundant in boreal and temperate parts of North America ( Griffiths 2003).

Relationships. In many respects most similar to the Nearctic Egle protuberans , but males are easily distinguished from that species by the simpler structure of sternite V and the emarginate apical projection of cerci.

Figures

FIGURES 27–30. Egle spp., male head. 27. E. concomitans. 28. E. ciliata. 29. E. brevicornis. 30. E. anderssoni. Same scale.

FIGURES 57–62. Egle ciliata, male terminalia. 57, 58. Sternite V, ventral and lateral views. 59, 60. Hypopygium, caudal and lateral views. 61. Pre- and postgonites, lateral view. 62. Phallus, lateral view. Same scale.

FIGURES 75–81. Egle spp., female terminalia. 75. E. ciliata, oviscapt, flat mounted. 76, 77. Same, distal oviscapt, lateral and laterodorsal views. 78, 79. E. brevicornis, distal oviscapt, lateral and laterodorsal views. 80, 81. E. anderssoni [paratype: Sweden], distal oviscapt, lateral and laterodorsal views. Same scale for 76–81.