Gambusia holbrooki Girard, 1859

Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil & Fricke, Ronald, 2023, Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023, Zootaxa 5357 (1), pp. 1-49 : 30

publication ID	https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:7CDE221A-1E73-416D-A984-23E64D9451A6
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10019218
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4-FFB6-FF98-98C8-D7B2FD0FFC2D
treatment provided by	Plazi (2023-10-17 07:37:51, last updated 2024-11-25 23:26:13)
scientific name	Gambusia holbrooki Girard, 1859
status

Treatment

Gambusia holbrooki Girard, 1859 View in CoL [I]—Eastern mosquitofish

Taxonomy. Original description: Gambusia holbrooki Girard, 1859: 390 View in CoL [Palatka, eastern Florida, (Palatka, eastern Florida and Charleston, South Carolina), USA; lectotype: ANSP 6976; lectotype selected by Huber (2019: 64)].— Iraq synonyms: None.—Revisions: Rauchenberger (1989: 3).—Illustration: McEachran & Fechhelm (1998: 924, fig.); Esmaeili (2021: 313, fig. 17.18).

Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by the government of Iraq during 1950s to combat malaria); confirmed by Jawad (2003); Al-Faisal et al. (2014).—Iraq materials: Fish Collection of the Department of Fisheries and Marine Resources, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq; Fish collection at the Marine Science Centre, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Widespread all basins of Iraq.—General distribution: North America: Atlantic and Gulf Coast drainages, eastern USA; widely introduced elsewhere for mosquito control.—Habitat: This species often occurs in shallow, often stagnant ponds and the shallow edges of lakes and streams where predatory fishes are largely absent and temperatures are high. Freshwater, brackish.

Economic importance. No commercial importance.

Reasons of introduction. Bio-control: to prevent eutrophication, aquatic plants, and pest control.

Conservation. Not relevant (introduced species).

References

Esmaeili, H. R. (2021) Checklist of freshwater fishes of southwestern wetlands of Iran. In: Jawad, L. A. (Ed.), Southern Iraq's Marshes: Their Environment and Conservation. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 295 - 318. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 030 - 66238 - 7 _ 17

Girard, C. F. (1859) Ichthyological notices. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 11, 56 - 68.

Jawad, L. (2003) Impact of environmental change on the freshwater fish fauna of Iraq. International Journal of Environmental Studies, 60 (6), 581 - 593. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 0020723032000087934

McEachran, J. D. & Fechhelm, J. D. (1998) Fishes of the Gulf of Mexico. Vol. 1. Myxiniformes to Gasterosteiformes. Univeersity of Texas Press, Austin, Texas, 1112 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.7560 / 752061

Rauchenberger, M. (1989) Systematics and biogeography of the genus Gambusia (Cyprinodontiformes: Poecilidae). American Museum Novitates, 2951, 1 - 74.