Rangifer tarandus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Peter Grubb, 1993, Order Artiodactyla, Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press, pp. 377-414 : 392

Rangifer tarandus (Linnaeus, 1758) . Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1:67.

TYPE LOCALITY: Sweden, Alpine Lapland (domesticated stock) .

DISTRIBUTION: Circumboreal in tundra and taiga from Svalbard, Norway, Finland, Russia, Alaska ( USA) and Canada including most arctic islands, and Greenland, south to N Mongolia; Inner Mongolia and Heilungkiang, China (now feral?); Sakhalin Isl; N Idaho and Great Lakes region ( USA). Introduced to, and feral in, Iceland, Kerguelen Isis, South Georgia Isl, Pribilof Isis, St. Matthew Isl. Extinct in Sweden.

STATUS: U.S. ESA - Endangered as R. t. caribou in Canada (SE British Columbia at the Canadian-USA border, Columbia R., Kootenay, R. Kootenay Lake, and Kootenai R.) and USA (Idaho, Washington).

SYNONYMS: angustirostris, arcticus, asiaticus, borealis , buskensis, caboti, caribou, chukchensis, cilindricornis, dawsoni, dichotomus , eogroenlandicus, excelsifrons, fennicus, fortidens, furcifer , granti , groenlandicus, keewatinensis, labradorensis, lapponum, lenensis, montanus , mcguirei, ogilvyensis, osborni, pearsoni, pearyi, phylarchus, platyrhynchus, rangifer, selousi , setoni, sibiricus, silvicola, spetsbergensis, storni, sylvestris , taimyrensis, terraenovae, transuralensis, valentinae, yakutskensis.