Yphthimoides inornata ( Hayward, 1962 ), 2022

Piovesan, Mônica, Orlandin, Elton, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik & Casagrande, Mirna Martins, 2022, Revalidation of Yphthimoides inornata (Hayward, 1962) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Satyrini: Euptychiina) based on morphological and molecular data with description of the immature stages, Zootaxa 5116 (4), pp. 550-562 : 552-558

Yphthimoides inornata ( Hayward, 1962) stat. rev.

( Figs 1–8 )

Euptychia inornata Hayward, 1962 . Acta zool. lill. 18: 12, fig. 1 (male genitalia).

Euptychia inornata was described based on the holotype male ( Fig. 1 ) from Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, Biezanko leg., XI-1953 and the allotype female from Playadito, Corrientes, Argentina, Gibson leg., X-1953, both in Instituto Miguel Lillo [Fundación Miguel Lillo, Tucumán, Argentina]; the holotype genitalia was illustrated.

Diagnosis. Yphthimoides inornata stat. rev. differs from its congeners in the following combination of characters: Male on the dorsal forewing with a dark brown triangular androconial patch from CuA 1 to the inner margin ( Fig. 2A ); male and female on dorsal hindwing with an eyespot in CuA 1 –CuA 2; on ventral forewing with an eyespot in M 1 –M 2; on ventral hindwing with eyespots in M 1 –M 2 and in CuA 1 –CuA 2, may have small ones in Rs–M 1 and in M 2 –M 3, varying in size ( Fig. 2 ); ventral fore and hindwings without discal and postdiscal lines ( Figs 2B, 2D ). In the molecular analysis Y. inornata stat. rev. is closely related to Y. yphthima but without support ( Fig. 8 ); the genetic distance between them ranged from 6% to 7% ( Table 1 ).

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Asterisk (*) indicates sequences provided by this study.

Immature stages. Egg ( Fig. 5A ). Oviposition. 27–II–2019. Duration 7 days. Diameter 1.1 mm. Spherical, cream, with thin ridges forming a pattern of irregular pentagonal and hexagonal cells.

First instar ( Figs 5B, 5C ). Duration 9 days. Head capsule width 0.7 mm; head hypognathous, dark brown with crackled aspect, covered by dark setae with creamy tips, and with two short horns on vertex, lateral adfrontal sutures and epicranial suture bear small circular-shaped sclerotizations; stemma 3 larger than the other stemmata; ventral margin of labrum moderately notched; head horn 0.08 mm.

Head chaetotaxy ( Fig. 6 ). L1 and P setae blunt at their tips, the other setae acute at their tips. One pair of frontal setae (F1), between them one pair of frontal pores (Fa); two pairs of adfrontal setae (Af1, Af2), between them one pair of adfrontal pores (Afa); on clypeus two pairs of setae (C1, C2); three anterior pairs of setae (A1, A2, A3) and one pair of pores (Aa); three lateral setae (L1, L2, L3) (L2 and L3 are proposed here), L3 near S2 and one pair of pores (La); three stemmatal setae (S1, S2, S3), and one pair of pores (Sb); three substemmatal setae (Ss1, Ss2 and Ss3) and one pair of pores (Ssb); one pair of microgenal setae (Mg1) at the ventrolateral occipital margin and one pair pores (Mga); three pairs of posterior setae (P1, P2, P3 Freitas et al. 2012, Cosmo et al. 2014), and two pairs of pores (Pa, Pb), Pb between P1 and P2; three pairs of microdorsal setae (Md1, Md2, Md3) and one pair of pores (Mda) above Md1.

Body length 4 mm; covered by cream setae, elongated, and clubbed at the tip; cream, with reddish brown longitudinal lines: the median-longitudinal line wider than subdorsal, supraspiracular and spiracular lines; a very short bifid ‘tail’ on the 10th abdominal segment.

Second instar ( Figs 5D, 5E ). Duration 7 days. Head capsule width 1.03 mm; grayish brown with smaller setae than the first instar; head scoli 0.13 mm. Body length 6.6 mm; similar to the first instar but more grayish, with smaller setae, with the median-longitudinal line more evident and longer bifid ‘tail’.

Third instar ( Figs 5F, 5G ). Duration 7 days. Head capsule width 1.48 mm; similar to the second instar but more brownish; with a cream subdorsal band from the head scoli tapering into the thorax and abdomen; head scoli 0.2 mm. Body length 11 mm similar to the second instar but more brownish, dorsally, between T1-T2 with a dark small spot; subdorsally, on T3 to A8, with dark small spot between each segment.

Fourth instar ( Figs 5H, 5I ). Duration 8 days. Head capsule width 2 mm; head scoli 0.2 mm; similar to the third instar. Body length 18 mm, similar to the third instar.

Fifth instar ( Figs 5J, 5K ). Duration 11 days. Head capsule width 3.6 mm; head scoli 0.3 mm; similar to the fourth instar, but the cream subdorsal band, with the same width from the head scoli to A10. Body length 38 mm, similar to the fourth instar.

Pupa ( Figs 6A–6C ). Duration 13 days. Length 14 mm, integument smooth without ornamentation, ventrally lighter than dorsally; median dorsal line dark brown and more evident on the mesothorax, reddish brown from the metathorax to the cremaster. Head with elliptical eyes; triangular labrum with a dark brown spot; antenna and galea with the same length, ending on A4, and longer than mesothoracic leg. Thorax on the fore and mesothoracic legs with a dark brown spot each; alar theca with marked veins, ending in small black spots.Abdomen with several parallels longitudinal lines; A1 and A4 with two small dark spots each.

Distribution and etology. Yphthimoides inornata stat. rev., based on the examined material, including the holotype and the allotype, has the following geographical distribution: Brazil: Paraná (Guarapuava), Santa Catarina (Curitibanos, Joaçaba, São Bento do Sul), Rio Grande do Sul (Carazinho, Pelotas), and Argentina: Corrientes (Playadito), flying between February–May, and September–November, suggesting a multivoltine species. Adults were found flying close to the ground, in open grassland areas near forest fragments, during the hottest hours of the day.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Holotype male of Yphthimoides inornata (Hayward, 1962) stat. rev. A. dorsal view; B. ventral view; C. labels. Images taken by Gerardo Lamas and available on Butterflies of America (Warren et al. 2017).

FIGURE 2. Yphthimoides inornata (Hayward, 1962) stat. rev. A. male dorsal view; B. male ventral view; D. female dorsal view; E. female ventral view (male DZ 54. 235; female DZ 54.236).

FIGURE 3. Male genitalia of Yphthimoides inornata (Hayward, 1962) stat. rev. A. Illustration provided in the original description (Hayward, 1962); B. dorsal view; C. ventral view; D. lateral view; E. aedeagus dorsal view; F. aedeagus lateral left view. B–F (DZ 54. 243).

FIGURE 4. Female genitalia of Yphthimoides inornata (Hayward, 1962) stat. rev. A. lateral view; B. ventral view; C. signa detail (DZ 40.153).

FIGURE 5. Immature stages of Yphthimoides inornata (Hayward, 1962) stat. rev. A. egg; B. first instar, dorsal view; C. first instar, lateral view; D. second instar, dorsal view; E. second instar, lateral view; F. third instar, dorsal view; G. third instar, lateral view; H. fourth instar, dorsal view; I. fourth instar, lateral view; J. fifth instar, dorsal view; K. fifth instar, lateral view.

FIGURE 6. Yphthimoides inornata (Hayward, 1962) stat. rev. Head chaetotaxy of first instar. A. frontal view; B. lateral view.

FIGURE 7. Yphthimoides inornata (Hayward, 1962) stat. rev. A. pupa, ventral view; B. pupa, lateral view; C. pupa, dorsal view; D. imago, dorsal view; E. imago, ventral view.

FIGURE 8. Relationship among Yphthimoides inornata (Hayward, 1962) stat. rev. and eighteen species of Yphthimoides based on DNA barcode sequences (minimum 621 and maximum 658bp of cox1) obtained by Maximum likelihood inferred with IQ- TREE. Numbers indicate SH-aLRT/UFBoot (nodes supported when both SH-aLRT ≥ 80 and UFBoot ≥ 95). Low support values were not showed. Codes that appear before the species names are sequence ID from GenBank. The scale bar represents expected number of nucleotide substitutions per site.