Panorpa liui, Hua, 1997

Jiang, Lu & Hua, Bao-Zhen, 2015, Functional morphology of the larval mouthparts of Panorpodidae compared with Bittacidae and Panorpidae (Insecta: Mecoptera), Organisms Diversity & Evolution (New York, N. Y.) 15 (4), pp. 671-679 : 674-675

Mouthparts of P. liui

The labrum bears two pairs of setae at the apex, with the inner pair about half the length of the outer pair ( Fig. 5a : ls).

The epipharynx is equipped with short microtrichia and various types of sensilla, including three pairs of sensilla basiconica at the apex, four pairs of uniporous sensilla basiconica along the mid-line ( Fig. 5b : sb), and two pairs of palmate sensilla on the lateral part ( Fig. 5c : ps). The triangular plate is equipped with numerous spines along the lateral edges, and is also furnished laterally with a pair of palmate sensilla and a pair of prominent sensory protuberances ( Fig. 5b : ps/sp), which bear four minute sensilla basiconica ( Fig. 5d ).

The mandible bears apically two cusps and a cutting edge on the incisor region ( Fig. 5e–g : ce/ir) and tuberculate teeth on the basal molar region ( Fig. 5h : mt), which is bordered by two rows of short spines ( Fig. 5h : s). Additionally, the mandible also bears three sensilla trichodea on the lateral surface and a hair brush tuft on the baso-mesal corner ( Fig. 5h : hb).

The maxilla has eight sensilla chaetica on the ventral surface ( Fig. 6a : sch), arranged in a pattern similar to that of B. planus . The galea bears one short sensillum basiconicum ( Fig. 6b, c : sb), a palmate sensillum ( Fig. 5b, d : ps), and a pair of sensilla campaniformia ( Fig. 6b, e : sco) on the dorsal surface. The lacinia is furnished with numerous stiff cuticular protuberances on the mesal surface. The maxillary palp bears 14 sensilla basiconica on the apex ( Fig. 6f ).

The labium is less hirsute than of B. planus and is remarkable for the slender labial palp ( Fig. 6a : lp). The distal palpomere is approximately three times as long as the basal palpomere and bears ten sensilla basiconica apically ( Fig. 6g ).

Figures

Fig. 5 Mouthparts of Panorpa liui. a Labrum. b Epipharynx. c Lateral palmate sensilla. d Basal protuberance. e–h Mandibles, dorsal, ventral, and mesal views and the magnified aspect of the molar region, respectively. cd condyle, ce cutting edge, gg ginglymus, hb hair brush, ir incisor region, ls labral seta, mr molar region, mt molar teeth, ps palmate sensillum, s spine, sb sensillum basiconicum, sp sensory protuberance

Fig. 6 Mouthparts of Panorpa liui. a Mouthparts, ventral view. b Maxilla, dorsal view. c Sensillum basiconicum on maxilla. d Palmate sensillum on maxilla. e Sensilla campaniformia on maxilla. f Apex of maxillary palp. g Apex of labial palp. cas cardo- stipes, ga galea, la lacinia, lp labial palp, mp maxillary palp, pm postmentum, prm prementum, ps palmate sensillum, sb sensillum basiconicum, sch sensillum chaeticum, sco sensillum campaniformium, so salivary orifice