Tosapusia pseudocupressina ( Bałuk, 1997 ) Harzhauser & Landau, 2021

Harzhauser, Mathias & Landau, Bernard, 2021, An overlooked diversity-the Costellariidae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea, Zootaxa 4982 (1), pp. 1-70 : 58-59

Tosapusia pseudocupressina ( Bałuk, 1997) nov. comb.

Figs 4O , 19E 1 –E 2 , F 1 –F 2 , G 1 –G 2 , H 1 –H 2

[ Mitra ] cupressina Brcch. — Hauer 1837: 417 [non Brocchi, 1814].

[ Mitra ] cupressina [Brocc.]— Hörnes 1848: 16 [non Brocchi, 1814].

Mitra cupressina Brocc. — Hörnes 1852b: 104, pl. 10, figs 25–27 [non Brocchi, 1814].

[ Mitra ] cupressina Brocc. — Auinger 1871: 8 [non Brocchi, 1814].

Callithea cupressina Brocc. —Hoernes 1880: 125 [non Brocchi, 1814].

Mitra (Callithea) cupressina Brocc. — Hoernes & Auinger 1880: 86, pl. 10, figs 10a–b [non Brocchi, 1814].

Mitra (Callithea) cupressina Brocc. — Schaffer 1908: 100, pl.10, fig. 19 [non Brocchi, 1814].

Turricula (Uromitra) cupressina Brocc. — Friedberg 1911: 29, pl. 1, fig. 22 [non Brocchi, 1814].

Turricula cupressina Brocc. —Friedberg 1928: 580, pl. 37, fig. 29 [non Brocchi, 1814].

Vexillum (Vexillum) cupressinum Brocchi — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1956: 414 [non Brocchi, 1814].

Vexillum (Uromitra) cupressinum (Brocc.) — Sieber 1956: 244 [non Brocchi, 1814].

V [exillum]. (U [romitra].) cupressinum (Brocchi) — Sieber 1958a: 153 [non Brocchi, 1814].

Vexillum (Uromitra) cupressinum (Brocc.) — Sieber 1958b: 149 [non Brocchi, 1814].

Vexillum (Uromitra) cupressinum ( Brocchi, 1814) —Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960: 161, pl. 42, fig. 12 [non Brocchi, 1814].

Vexillum (Uromitra) cupressinum Brocc. — Florei 1961: 686, pl. 9, fig. 69 [non Brocchi, 1814].

Mitra (Vexillum) cupressina Brocchi, 1814 — Strausz 1966: 369, pl. 25, figs 4–5 [non Brocchi, 1814].

Vexillum (Vexillum) cupressinum Brocchi — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1972: 30, pl. 14, fig. 7 [non Brocchi, 1814].

* Vexillum (Uromitra) pseudocupressinum nom. n. — Bałuk 1997: 37, pl. 11, fig. 3.

Vexillum (Uromitra) cupressinum (Brocchi) — Schultz 1998: 70, pl. 28, figs 6a–b [non Brocchi, 1814].

Vexillum (Uromitra) cupresianum [sic] (Brocchi)— Tiţă 2007: 548, fig. 5c [non Brocchi, 1814].

Type material. Holotype. NHMW 1846 /0037/0103, SL: 42.7 mm, MD: 13.5 mm, Baden ( Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (1852b, pl. 10, fig. 25), figs 19G 1 –G 2.

Additional material. NHMW 2020 /0090/0001, SL: 38.1 mm, MD: 11.5 mm, Baden ( Austria) , illustrated in Hörnes (1852b, pl. 10, fig. 26), figs 19F 1 –F 2; NHMW 2020 /0091/0001, SL: 34.9 mm, MD: 9.3 mm, Möllersdorf ( Austria) , figs 19E 1 –E 2; NHMW 1870 /0033/0037, SL: 27.7 mm, MD: 7.8 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus ( Romania) ; figs 19H 1 –H 2; NHMW 2020 /0091/0002, SL: 23.8 mm, MD: 6.5 mm, Möllersdorf ( Austria) , illustrated in Hörnes (1852b, pl. 10, fig. 27); NHMW 2020 /0091/0003, 8 specimens, Möllersdorf ( Austria) ; NHMW 2020 /0091/0004, SL: 31.8 mm, MD: 10.0 mm, Möllersdorf ( Austria) , illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1880, pl. 10, figs 10a–b); NHMW 1862 /0001/0250, 17 spec., Möllersdorf ( Austria) ; NHMW 1846 /0037/0103, Vienna / Grinzing ( Austria) ; NNHM 2020 /0092/0001 (= A1562), 5 specimens, Baden-Sooss ( Austria) ; NHMW 1969 /0001/0023, 25 specimens, Bad Vöslau ( Austria) ; NHMW 1846 /0037/0104, 24 specimens, Baden ( Austria) ; NNHM 1866 /0001/0631, 13 specimens, Baden-Sooss ( Austria) ; NHMW 1853 /0003/0089, Forchtenau ( Austria) ; NHMW 1862 /0029/0008, Rudice ( Czech Republic) ; NHMW 1854 /0035/0095, 45 specimens, Lăpugiu de Sus ( Romania) , fig. 4O; NHMW 1870 /0033/0037, 17 specimens, Lăpugiu de Sus ( Romania) ; NHMW 1867 /0019/0035, 4 specimens, Coşteiu de Sus ( Romania) .

Revised description. Shell large, slender fusiform, with deeply incised suture. Protoconch (fig. 4O) high conical, of three smooth, convex whorls (height: 820 μm, diameter: 620 μm). Teleoconch of ten weakly convex to subcylindric whorls. Last whorl moderately convex, slowly contracting into high base. Some specimens with weak shoulder and faint angulation close below adapical suture, especially on penultimate and last whorls. Sculpture on spire whorls consisting of close-set, prominent, weakly opisthocline rounded axial ribs, separated by slightly narrower interspaces, crossed by close-set spiral cords, separated by narrow grooves, forming indistinct nodules at intersections with ribs, and distinct, flat cords in axial interspaces (about 20 axial ribs on penultimate whorl). Axial ribs crossed by subsutural spiral groove, delimiting weak subsutural band, most prominent on early teleoconch whorls. Subsutural band often disintegrating into narrow spiral cords during growth. Axial ribs slightly more widely spaced on last three whorls. Axial and spiral sculpture often reduced on last whorl. Spiral cords more wide-spaced on base and fasciole. Aperture narrow, elongate; columellar callus narrow, weakly delimited, bearing four prominent columellar folds, weakening abapically. Outer lip thin, without lirae in adult specimens; delicate lirae deep inside aperture only in subadult specimens. Siphonal canal long, moderately narrow, straight, with shallow siphonal notch.

Shell measurements and ratios. SL: 20.1–42.0 mm, MD: 5.8–12.8 mm; AA: 25–35°, SL/MD: 3.3–3.6, AL/ AW: 5.0–5.8, AH/S: 1.9–2.1.

Discussion. This species was identified as Vexillum cupressinum ( Brocchi, 1814) by all authors dealing with Paratethyan mollusc faunas until Bałuk (1997) separated it as Vexillum pseudocupressinum . Bałuk (1997) stressed the more densely spaced axial ribs and higher number of spiral cords being restricted to the axial interspaces. Landau et al. (2013) doubted if these features justify a separation, referring to the high variability in sculpture in late Miocene and Pliocene populations of Tosapusia cupressina , as documented by Pelosio (1967), Malatesta (1974), Davoli (2000), Chirli (2002) and Chirli & Richard (2008). After having studied a large number of Paratethyan specimens, we agree with Bałuk (1997). Despite the variability of T. cupressina , it differs constantly by its lower number of axial ribs (especially on early spire whorls). Its spiral cords are less numerous and form a cancellate or nodulous pattern with the axials ribs, lacking the deeply cut grooves seen in the axial interspaces in T. pseudocupressina . Moreover, the Paratethyan species is nearly twice as large as T. cupressina and it lacks the twisted siphonal canal of the Pliocene species. Note that the specimen illustrated by Hoernes & Auinger (1880, pl. 10, fig. 10) with strongly deflected siphonal canal is a pathological specimen with healed fractures.

Palaeoenvironment. The species is most abundant in clay of the Baden Formation suggesting middle neritic settings with up to 250 m water depth ( Hohenegger et al. 2008).

Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (middle Miocene): Korytnica Basin: Korytnica ( Poland) ( Bałuk 1997); Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin: Dryszczów (Nadrichne) ( Ukraine), Żukowce (Zhukivtsi) ( Friedberg 1911); Vienna Basin: Baden, Bad Vöslau, Möllersdorf, Steinebrunn, Vienna /Grinzing ( Austria), Rudice ( Czech Republic) ( Hoernes & Auinger 1880; Sieber 1958b); Eisenstadt-Sopron Basin: Forchtenau ( Sieber 1956); Făget Basin: Coşteiu de Sus ( Boettger 1906); Pannonian Basin: Szob ( Hungary) ( Strausz 1966); Bükk Mountains ( Hungary) ( Csepreghy-Meznerics 1972); Făget Basin: Lăpugiu de Sus, Coşteiu de Sus ( Romania) ( Hoernes & Auinger 1880); Transylvanian Basin: Zorlentul-Mare ( Romania) ( Florei 1961); Southern Carpathians: Bahna ( Romania) ( Tiţă 2007); Dacian Basin: Opanec, Orehovica ( Bulgaria) (Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960).

Figures

FIGURE 1. A. Map of central and southeastern Europe, representing the area that was partly covered by the Central Paratethys Sea (for detailed maps with the localities mentioned in the text see Kroh (2005) and Nosowska (2020). The white insert corresponds to the area that is restored in the palaeogeographic map below. B. Paleogeography of the Middle Miocene Paratethys Sea (modified from Harzhauser et al. 2007) showing the most important sedimentary basins (NAFB: North Alpine Foreland Basin, E–Sopr B: Eisenstadt–Sopron Basin).

FIGURE 2. Measurements to shell morphology and whorl profiles. SL: shell length, MD: maximum diameter, AA: apical angle, LWH: last whorl height, AH: aperture height. AL: aperture length. AW: aperture width. S: length of siphonal canal.

FIGURE 4. Protoconchs of Paratethyan Costellariidae. A. Antithala filipescui nov. sp., Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), NHMW 1876/0011/0012). B. Antithala sturi (Hoernes & Auinger, 1880), Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), NHMW 2020/0058/0001. C. Bellardithala kovaci nov. sp., Steinebrunn (Austria), NHMW 2020/0062/0001. D. Bellardithala partschi (Hörnes, 1852), Steinebrunn (Austria), NHMW 2020/0060/0003. E. Ebenomitra leucozona (Andrzejowski, 1830), Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), NHMW 1876/0011/0008. F. Ebenomitra pseudopyramidella (Boettger, 1906), Steinebrunn (Austria), NHMW 1857/0014/0009. G. Fedosovia fuchsi (Hoernes & Auinger, 1880), lectotype, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), NHMW 1857/0024/0012. H. Pusia avellanella (Boettger, 1906), Gainfarn (Austria), NHMW 2020/0072/0001. I. Pusia? confunda nov. sp., holotype, Coşteiu de Sus (Romania), SMF 360341. J. Pusia pseudorecticosta (Boettger, 1906), Pusia pseudorecticosta (Boettger, 1906), Steinebrunn (Austria), NHMW 2020/0076/0005. K. Pusia schafferi (Meznerics, 1933), Steinebrunn (Austria), NHMW 2020/0078/0002. L. Pusia vexans (Boettger, 1902), Coşteiu de Sus (Romania), NHMW 2020/0081/0001. M. Vexillum intermittens (Hoernes & Auinger, 1880), paralectotype, Baden or Bad Vöslau (Austria), NHMW 2020/0087/0003. N. Vexillum michelottii (Hörnes, 1852), lectotype, Baden (Austria), NHMW 1851/0013/0001. O. Tosapusia pseudocupressina Bałuk, 1997, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), NHMW 1870/0033/0037.

FIGURE 19 A1–A2. Tosapusia neudorfensis (Schaffer, 1898), Rohožník (Slovakia), SNM-PM Z 40040. B1–B2. Tosapusia neudorfensis (Schaffer, 1898), Rohožník (Slovakia), SNM-PM Z 40045. C1–C2. Tosapusia neudorfensis (Schaffer, 1898), Rohožník (Slovakia), SNM-PM Z 40046. D1–D2. Tosapusia neudorfensis (Schaffer, 1898), Rohožník (Slovakia), SNM-PM Z 40053. E1–E2. Tosapusia pseudocupressina (Bałuk, 1997), Möllersdorf (Austria), NHMW 2020/0091/0001. F1–F2. Tosapusia pseudocupressina (Bałuk, 1997), Baden (Austria), NHMW 2020/0090/0001. G1–G2. Tosapusia pseudocupressina (Bałuk, 1997), holotype, Baden (Austria), NHMW 1846/0037/0103. H1–H2. Tosapusia pseudocupressina (Bałuk, 1997), Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), NHMW 1870/0033/0037. I1–I2. Vexillum transalpinum nov. sp., holotype, Steinebrunn (Austria), NHMW 1846/0037/0106. J1–J2. Vexillum transalpinum nov. sp., paratype, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), NHMW 2020/0094/0001. K1–K2. Vexillum transalpinum nov. sp., paratype, Niederleis (Austria), NHMW 2020/0096/0001. L1–L2. Vexillum transalpinum nov. sp., paratype, Steinebrunn (Austria), NHMW 2020/0095/0001.