Euploca filiformis (Lehm.) J.I.M.Melo & Semir, 2009

Feuillet, Christian, 2016, Two new combinations in Euploca Nutt. (Heliotropiaceae, Boraginales) and a conspectus of the species of the Guiana Shield area, PhytoKeys 61, pp. 101-124 : 103-105

Euploca filiformis (Lehm.) J.I.M.Melo & Semir, 2009

Euploca filiformis (Lehm.) J.I.M.Melo & Semir, Kew Bull. 64: 289. 2009.

Heliotropium filiforme Lehm., Gött. Gel. Anz. 3(152): 1515. 1817.

Euploca filiformis Type. Venezuela. Near Orinoco, Bonpland and Humboldt 1202 [an error, most likely for 1203] (lectotype, designated by Förther 1998, pg. 195: B-W 3246/1 n.v. [scan!]; isotypes MEL 233288 n.v., P! [2 sheets; scans!], P-Bonpl! [scan!]). [same type collection as next, but different holotype]

Heliotropium filiforme Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 3: 86, t. 204. 1818, nom. illeg. non Heliotropium filiforme Lehm. 1817.

Euploca filiformis Type. Venezuela. Near Orinoco, Bonpland and Humboldt 1203 (holotype P-Bonpl! [scan!]; isotypes B-Willd 3246/1 n.v. [scan!], MEL 233288 n.v., P! [2 sheets; scans!]. [same type collection as previous, but different holotype]

Heliotropium tenue Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 4: 737. 1819.

Euploca filiformis Type. Brazil. Pará, Sieber for Hoffmannsegg s.n. (holotype B-WILLD-3248!; isotypes HAL n.v., MEL 233189 n.v., P!).

Preslaea stenostachya A.St.-Hil., Voy. Distr. Diam. 2: 434. 1833.

Euploca filiformis Type. Brazil. "Ad ripas fluminis Parahyba", St.-Hilaire B228 (lectotype, designated by Förther 1998, pg. 235: P! [scan!]; isotypes K!, M n.v., MPU!, P! [scan!]).

Heliotropium littorale Mart. ex Colla, Herb. Pedem. 4: 226. 1835.

Euploca filiformis Type. Brazil. "In arenosis maritimis", Martius s.n. (holotype TO n.v.; isotype BM n.v.).

Euploca filiformis Note. placed in the synonymy fide Förther 1998 who saw the isotype at BM.

Heliotropium pusillum Colla, Herb. Pedem. 4: 227. 1835.

Euploca filiformis Type. Brazil. Martius s.n. (holotype TO n.v.).

Heliotropium helophilum Mart., Flora 21(2), Beibl. 4: 85. 1838.

Euploca filiformis Type. Brazil. "Propre Cujaba", 1837, Herb. Fl. Bras. 165, n°267 (lectotype, designated by Förther 1998, pg. 199: BR n.v. [scan!]; isotypes E n.v. [scan!], FI-W!, G-DC!, GH n.v., L! [2 sheets], LE n.v. [2 sheets], M n.v., P! [2 sheets; scans!], W n.v.).

Schleidenia stenostachya (A.St.-Hil.) DC., Prodr. 9: 558. 1845. Type. Based on Preslaea stenostachya A.St.-Hil.

Schleidenia filiformis (Lehm.) Fresen., Fl. Bras. 8(1): 40. 1857. Type. Based on Heliotropium filiforme Lehm.

Heliotropium stenostachyum (A.St.-Hil.) Gürke, in Engler and Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4(3a): 97. 1893. Type. Based on Preslaea stenostachya A.St.-Hil.

Type.

Based on Heliotropium filiforme Lehm.

Description.

Annual herb or subshrub, up to 0.25 m tall. Stems slender, erect or decumbent, up to 0.4 m long, sparingly strigose. Leaves: petiole 0.1-0.2 cm long, slender; lamina linear or elliptic or lanceolate or oblanceolate, 1-2.5 × 0.15-0.35 cm, apex acute, base acute, margin entire, both surfaces sericeous to strigose. Inflorescences epedunculate, slender scorpioid cymes, up to 15 cm long, bearing scattered bracts, filiform or subulate, 0.1-0.2 cm long, glabrescent. Flower sub-sessile: calyx longer than the corolla tube, lobes, 1.5-2 mm long at anthesis, glabrescent; corolla white, tubular, outside strigose, inside glabrescent, tube narrowed in the middle, lobes ovate with broadly open sinuses, about 1 mm long; stamens sessile, anther with an apical appendage, weakly coherent; ovary subglobose or globose, strigose; style lacking or nearly so; stigma sessile or sub-sessile, fertile base much wider than the apex of the ovary. Fruit on 0.5-1 mm long pedicel, depressed-globose; nutlets almost 1.5 mm long.

Distribution.

Venezuela (Amazonas, Bolívar), Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana, Brazil ( Amapá, Amazonas, Pará, Roraima); also in Belize, Mexico, southeastern USA and from Trinidad to eastern Bolivia and Paraguay.

Selected specimens studied.

Guyana: Cuyuni River, Matope Falls, 4 June 1952, Forest Department 6940 (Fanshawe 3376) (K, NY); Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo, Dadanawa, 24 Oct 1957, Cook 22 (K, NY). Surinam: near Coppename River, Central Suriname Nature Reserve, 4°25'N, 56°31'W, 50-75 m, 22 Feb 2004, Clarke 11037 (US); near Ulemari River, 13 km upstream from confluence with Litani River, 3°13'N, 54°15'W, 150 m, 2 Apr 1998, Hammel 21275 (MO, US). French Guiana: Itany River, Saut upstream from Touinké, 26 Nov 1977, Cremers 5119 (CAY); Oyapock River, Sauts Fourmi, 18 Nov 1984, Granville 6916 (CAY, P).