Physalaemus angrensis Weber, Gonzaga & Carvalho-e-Silva, 2006

Hepp, Fábio & Pombal, José P., 2020, Review of bioacoustical traits in the genus Physalaemus Fitzinger, 1826 (Anura: Leptodactylidae: Leiuperinae), Zootaxa 4725 (1), pp. 1-106 : 50-51

publication ID

https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.4725.1.1

publication LSID

lsid:zoobank.org:pub:B137F19A-2C50-476C-8F13-4F049253B361

DOI

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5583592

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D435E640-FFC0-FFFF-BE8B-FA2EFAE9FED1

treatment provided by

Plazi

scientific name

Physalaemus angrensis Weber, Gonzaga & Carvalho-e-Silva, 2006
status

 

Physalaemus angrensis Weber, Gonzaga & Carvalho-e-Silva, 2006

We found two different calls, referred to as call A and B. Calls A and B are composed of harmonics and a single note each. Call A is composed of pulses whereas Call B has no PAM. Moreover, call B has a stronger general upward FM. Call B can have irregular FM segments and jumps of the fundamental frequency (vs. absent in call A).

Call A ( Fig. 19 View FIGURE 19 A–H and 13F). We examined nine recordings, a total of 32 minutes, with ca. 800 calls from 19 males. Only some of these calls were measured (see Table 2 View TABLE 2 ). Call duration varies from 0.431 to 0.605 s. In most calls, the limits between the call rise, sustain, and fall are not clear (for example in calls with elliptic envelopes; see below; Fig. 19D View FIGURE 19 ). In calls where the limits are perceptible, the call rise and fall are similar in duration and shape, both have a logarithmic or linear shape, and there is a long sustain, which can have shallow valleys and short slopes (concave and convex shapes, respectively; Fig. 19A View FIGURE 19 ). The amplitude peak is at around the end of the first three fourths of the call duration. The envelope varies from elliptic ( Fig. 19D View FIGURE 19 ) to rectangular ( Fig. 19A View FIGURE 19 ) depending on how emphasized or regular is the sustain. More than 50 % of the energy is concentrated in 37 % of the call duration around the amplitude peak. This call has a strong PAM (there are silence intervals present between pulses; Fig. 19A, B, D, E, G, H View FIGURE 19 ). The rate of the PAM is ca. 58 Hz, yielding ca. 30 pulses throughout the call. Except for the last pulse, the pulse rise is longer than the fall and the amplitude peak is around two thirds of the pulse duration. The last pulse has the opposite envelope with amplitude peak at the beginning ( Fig. 19E View FIGURE 19 ). The first pulses can have much lower amplitude than the others. The last pulse is the longest. There are short silence intervals between pulses, which can be absent between the first and last pulses (pulses are juxtaposed to neighboring pulses; Fig. 19A, B, D, E, G, H View FIGURE 19 ). Intervals are usually eightfold longer than the pulse durations. The call has a harmonic series ( Fig. 13F View FIGURE 13 ). The fundamental frequency is at ca. 410 Hz and this band can be present with low energy or absent in the audiospectrograms. The wave periods are regular and harmonics are clear throughout the call. The dominant frequency varies from ca. 1590 to 1780 Hz ( Fig. 19B View FIGURE 19 ). The dominant harmonic varies from the third to the fifth, but it is usually the fourth. There is no clear shift in the relative energy among the bands throughout the call. Most of the energy is concentrated between 1200 and 1900 Hz (three harmonics). The call has a general upward FM ( Fig. 19B, G View FIGURE 19 ). Additionally, there is PFM throughout the call, which is usually directly proportional to the synchronic pulse-PAM ( Fig. 19E, H View FIGURE 19 ). Calls are usually emitted in short sequences with up to ten calls each ( Fig. 19C, F View FIGURE 19 ).

Call B ( Fig. 19 View FIGURE 19 I–L and 16D). We examined three recordings, a total of 18 minutes, with ca. 150 calls from five males. Only some of these calls were measured (see Table 2 View TABLE 2 ). Call duration varies from 0.309 to 0.353 s. The call rise and fall are similar in duration and shape (logarithmic-shaped). There is a sustain, which has shallow valleys, usually at its beginning and end ( Fig. 19I, K View FIGURE 19 ). The amplitude peak of the call is at around the end of the first four fifths of the call duration ( Fig. 19I, K View FIGURE 19 ). The envelope varies from elliptic to triangular (pointed left; Fig. 19I, K View FIGURE 19 ). More than 50 % of the energy is concentrated in 32 % of the call duration around the amplitude peak. This call has no PAM. The call has a harmonic series ( Fig. 16D View FIGURE 16 ). The fundamental frequency is ca. 320 Hz and this band can be present with low energy or absent in the audiospectrograms. The wave periods are regular and harmonics are clear throughout the call. The dominant frequency varies from ca. 1080 to 1310 Hz ( Fig. 19J View FIGURE 19 ). The dominant harmonic varies from the second to the seventh harmonic, but it is usually the fourth. There is no clear shift in the relative energy among the bands throughout the call. Most of the energy is concentrated between 900 and 1400 Hz (two harmonics). The call has a general upward FM with short downward FM at the end ( Fig. 19J, L View FIGURE 19 ). The sustain has an up-downward FM ( Fig. 19J, L View FIGURE 19 ). There is clear PFM in some parts of the call. Additionally, several calls have parts with irregular up and downward FM, usually, inversely proportional to the AM directions ( Fig. 19 View FIGURE 19 I–L).

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Chordata

Class

Amphibia

Order

Anura

Family

Leiuperidae

Genus

Physalaemus

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