Physalaemus marmoratus (Reinhardt & Lütken, 1862)

Hepp, Fábio & Pombal, José P., 2020, Review of bioacoustical traits in the genus Physalaemus Fitzinger, 1826 (Anura: Leptodactylidae: Leiuperinae), Zootaxa 4725 (1), pp. 1-106 : 78

publication ID

https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.4725.1.1

publication LSID

lsid:zoobank.org:pub:B137F19A-2C50-476C-8F13-4F049253B361

DOI

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5583646

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D435E640-FFBC-FF81-BE8B-FC40FD3FF8D0

treatment provided by

Plazi

scientific name

Physalaemus marmoratus (Reinhardt & Lütken, 1862)
status

 

Physalaemus marmoratus (Reinhardt & Lütken, 1862)

We found a single call type for the species, referred to as call A. The call is composed of a single harmonic note. It has a general downward FM, with an up-downward FM segment in the first third of the call.

Call A ( Fig. 47 View FIGURE 47 A–J and 42F). We examined 15 recordings, a total of 31 minutes, with ca. 1100 calls from 44 males. Only some of these calls were measured (see Table 2 View TABLE 2 ). Call duration varies from 0.614 to 0.938 s. The envelope of the call is highly variable ( Fig. 47A View FIGURE 47 , C–F). In most calls, the limits between the call rise, sustain, and call fall are not clear. The ratio between durations of call rise and fall, and their shapes, are highly variable. The sustain is usually irregular, composed of shallow valleys and small peaks ( Fig. 47A View FIGURE 47 , C–F). In some calls the rise remains with very low amplitude until the limit with the sustain, where the amplitude increases abruptly ( Fig. 47D View FIGURE 47 ). In other calls, the call fall has this same pattern, with an abruptly amplitude decrease after the sustain and thenceforth with low and constant amplitude until the end of the call ( Fig. 47C View FIGURE 47 ). The amplitude peak is usually at around the end of the first third of the call duration. The envelope of the calls varies from rectangular ( Fig. 47E, F View FIGURE 47 ) to triangular (pointed left or right; Fig. 47D, A View FIGURE 47 , respectively). Due to the asymmetry of some triangular envelopes, the shape resembles an arrow. More than 50 % of the call energy is concentrated in 29 % of the call duration around the amplitude peak. There is no PAM in the call. The call has a harmonic series ( Fig. 42F View FIGURE 42 ). The fundamental frequency is ca. 510 Hz and the first six harmonics are generally emphasized. The wave periods are regular and harmonics are clear throughout the call. The dominant frequency is ca. 500 Hz ( Fig. 47B View FIGURE 47 ). The first is dominant harmonic ( Fig. 42F View FIGURE 42 ). There is a clear shift in relative energy between bands; although there is no shift in dominant frequency, the higher bands get more energy toward the end of the call ( Fig. 47 View FIGURE 47 G–J). Most of the call energy is between 400 and 2100 Hz (three to five harmonics). The call has a general downward FM ( Fig. 47B View FIGURE 47 , G–J). Additionally, the calls have an up-downward FM in the first third of the call duration, leading to slightly arc-shaped bands in this part of the call, and short downward FM at the end ( Fig. 47B View FIGURE 47 , G–J). The general downward FM and the initial up-downward FM result in S-shaped harmonics when considering the entire call. There is no PFM.

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Chordata

Class

Amphibia

Order

Anura

Family

Leiuperidae

Genus

Physalaemus

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