Physalaemus olfersii (Lichtenstein & Martens, 1856)
publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.4725.1.1 |
publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:B137F19A-2C50-476C-8F13-4F049253B361 |
DOI |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5583640 |
persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D435E640-FFBA-FF87-BE8B-FEAEFDB2FB31 |
treatment provided by |
Plazi |
scientific name |
Physalaemus olfersii (Lichtenstein & Martens, 1856) |
status |
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Physalaemus olfersii (Lichtenstein & Martens, 1856)
We found a single call type for the species, referred to as call A. The call is composed of a single harmonic note with a very long duration and a slight PAM (no silence intervals between pulses). It has an irregular and strong PFM throughout the call. The bands have no general FM or have only a slight FM, which is usually upward.
Call A ( Fig. 44 View FIGURE 44 A–D and 42C). We examined 13 recordings, a total of 35 minutes, with 332 calls from 31 males. Only some of these calls were measured (see Table 2 View TABLE 2 ). Call duration varies from 3.530 to 4.837 s. Call rise and fall are very short and similar to each other in duration. The limit between the call rise and sustain is not clear in calls with triangular envelope ( Fig. 44A View FIGURE 44 ). There is a long sustain. This segment is usually regular and almost flat (slightly decreasing towards end of the segment – Fig. 44C View FIGURE 44 ), but some calls have very inclined sustains, where the beginning of the segment has low amplitude and gradually increases towards its end ( Fig. 44A View FIGURE 44 ). The amplitude peak is at around the end of the first tenth or at the very end of the call duration. The envelope of the call varies from rectangular ( Fig. 44C View FIGURE 44 ) to triangular (pointed left; Fig. 44A View FIGURE 44 ). More than 50 % of the call energy is concentrated in 46 % of the call duration around the amplitude peak. The call can have a slight PAM (silence intervals are absent between peaks). The rate of the PAM is ca. 11 Hz, forming ca. 50 cycles throughout the call. The cycle rise and fall are similar and the amplitude peak is at the middle of the cycle duration. The call has a harmonic series ( Fig. 42C View FIGURE 42 ). The fundamental frequency is ca. 150 Hz. The first seven harmonics have very low energy or are absent in the audiospectrogram. There are ca. 12 adjacent emphasized harmonics. The wave periods are usually regular and harmonics are clear throughout the call. However, some calls have deterministic chaos regimes in several parts, mainly at their outset ( Fig. 44B View FIGURE 44 ). The dominant frequency varies from ca. 1570 to 1870 Hz ( Fig. 44B View FIGURE 44 ). The dominant harmonic varies from the ninth to the 19 th, but it is usually between the ninth and 12 th ( Fig. 42C View FIGURE 42 ). There is no clear shift in the relative energy between the bands throughout the call. Most of the call energy is between 1100 and 2150 Hz (12 harmonics). Calls have no general FM ( Fig. 44D View FIGURE 44 ), or have only a slight general FM, usually upward ( Fig. 44B View FIGURE 44 ), but sometimes downward. There is usually a short downward FM at the end of the call ( Fig. 44B View FIGURE 44 ). Additionally, there is a strong PFM throughout the call, which is usually independent, but it is directly proportional and synchronic to PAM when it is present ( Fig. 44B, D View FIGURE 44 ).
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.
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