Symplocos pycnantha Hemsley (1881: 302)

Kelly, Lawrence M., Almeda, Frank & Fritsch, Peter W., 2016, A taxonomic revision of Mexican and Central American Symplocos (Symplocaceae), Phytotaxa 264 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

23. Symplocos pycnantha Hemsley (1881: 302) . Lectotype (designated here):— MEXICO. Oaxaca: Sierra San Pedro Nolasco etc., 1843–1844, C. Jürgensen 892 (lectotype BM-939403-n.v., online image!, isolectotypes BM-939404- n.v., digital image!, K, lost, photo ex K at K and NY!, OXF-72361-n.v., digital image!, G-164226-n.v., online image!, G-164227-n.v., online image!)

= Symplocos chiapensis Lundell (1938: 240) . Type:— MEXICO. Chiapas: [Mpio. Acacoyagua,] Mt. Ovando, near Escuintla , [15°24′36″N, 93°W], April 1936, E. Matuda 2208 (holotype MICH-1192778-n.v., online image!, isotypes A!, CAS!, MEXU!).

= Symplocos matudae Lundell (1938: 241) [“ Matudai ”]. Type:— MEXICO. Chiapas: Mt. Pasitar [=Paxtal?], [15°26′24″N, 92°26′02″W], 29 December 1936, E. Matuda 472 (holotype MICH-1192785-n.v., online image!, isotypes F!, GH!, LL!, US!) .

= Symplocos vernicosa Williams (1967: 267) . Type:— HONDURAS. Morazán: near summit San Juancito Mtns., 2000 m, [14°12′29″N, 87°04′33″W], 22 May 1957, L. O. Williams 17431 (holotype F!, isotypes GH!, US!) .

Trees 4–8 m tall; juvenile branchlets and vegetative buds moderately sericeous, trichomes <0.5 mm long, white. Petioles 5–10 mm long; leaf blades bicolorous, elliptic to elliptic-ovate or obovate, 4.1–9 × 2–3.5 cm, coriaceous to

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Phytotaxa 264 (1) © 2016 Magnolia Press • 73 subcoriaceous, abaxially sparsely sericeous, occasionally glabrate, adaxially glabrous, secondary veins not adaxially impressed, base acute, margins serrulate or crenulate to subentire, apex abruptly short-acuminate. Inflorescences racemes or spikes 0.8–1.9 cm long, 2–7-flowered; peduncle 0–1 mm long; rachis 4–9 mm long, strigose, trichomes ca. 0.5 mm long; bracts deciduous, ovate to subrotund, 1–1.5 × 1–1.5 mm, sericeous, margins sericeous; bracteoles persistent, 3 or 4, ovate to subrotund, 1–1.25 × 1–1.25 mm, sericeous, margins sericeous; pedicels 0–1 mm long. Hypanthium densely sericeous. Calyx lobes 5, broadly ovate, 0.5–1 × 1–2 mm, sericeous, margins ciliate. Corolla pink, 5-lobed, 6–9 mm long; tube connate for 3 mm; lobes adnate to filament tube for 3–5 mm, oblong-obovate, sparsely to moderately sericeous or rarely glabrous. Stamens 3-seriate; filament tube 4–6 mm long; distinct portions of filaments 0.5–2.5 × 0.25–0.5 mm. Disk densely pilose; style 5–9 mm long, pilose basally; stigma 5-lobed. Fruits green maturing to dark bluish purple, ellipsoid to oblong, 6–9 × 4–6 mm, strigillose, apex with obscure fleshy lobes and calyx lobes not evident or with short persistent erect calyx lobes, truncate outside of calyx lobes; disk flat to convex, enclosed within calyx lobes and/or apex of fruit; endocarp 3–5-locular, perimeter rounded.

Vernacular name —None.

Illustration — Figure 28 .

Photographic image — Figure 2g .

Phenology —Flowering September and November through April; fruiting January, February, and April through August.

Distribution and habitat — Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca), Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, and Nicaragua, in cloud forests at 700–2200 m elev. Figure 29 .

Conservation status —This species is widespread from southern Mexico south to Nicaragua, where several populations are protected in parks and reserves. Because it is known from over 35 localities and over 120 collections, we assign a classification of Least Concern (LC) to this species.

Discussion — Symplocos pycnantha is similar to S. speciosa in its short racemose or spicate inflorescences, sericeous sepals, and small fruits with strigillose pubescence but differs by its broader fruits (4–6 mm wide versus 3–4 mm wide), consistently bicolorous leaves with a dark (often black) adaxial surface (versus usually concolorous yellowish green leaves), and often sericeous petal lobes (versus glabrous).

Lundell (1938) originally distinguished Symplocos vernicosa from S. matudae by the degree of petal pubescence, but later (1969: 124) stated that “ S. vernicosa appears to be only a less pubescent form of S. matudae .” The available material shows intergradation of petal pubescence, from glabrous (more common in Central America) to moderately sericeous (more common in Mexico), reinforcing the arbitrary nature of the distinction between the two entities.

In his treatment for the Flora of Nicaragua, Almeda (2001) suggested that Symplocos vernicosa forms part of a complex that includes S. chiapensis , S. matudae , and possibly S. pycnantha and that a better understanding of the each of the species would likely relegate one or more to synonymy. With the wider material available to us, we observe no consistent differences that permit the distinction of any of these species, so they must be recognized as S. pycnantha . It seems likely that neither Lundell nor Williams were aware of this name.

In the protologue of Symplocos pycnantha, Hemsley cited two collections, Jürgensen 892 and Linden 359, both from “Hb. Kew.” Two sheets each from both of these collections were housed at K; all of these have been lost and are only documented as photographs. We located five duplicates of Jürgensen 892; the specimen BM-939403 is designated as the lectotype because it has many branchlets and good-quality flowers. Additional syntypes that we have found are three specimens of Linden 359 at G (G00359175, G00359174, and G00164228).

Additional specimens examined — MEXICO. Chiapas: Jitotol, 3 mi S of Jitotol, 5300 ft, [17°03′01″N, 92°51′23″W], 12 February 1965, Breedlove 8889 (DS!, F!); La Trinitaria, Lago of Montebello , 25 mi E of La Trinitaria, 5100 ft, [16°06′30″N, 91°40′43″W], 13 April 1965, Breedlove 9674 (DS!, F!, US!) ; Pueblo Nuevo Solistahuacán, on the E side of Pueblo Nuevo Solistahuacán , 1700 m, [17°09′N, 92°53′24″W], 11 December 1971, Breedlove 23095 (DS!, MO!) ; Laguna Montebello, Montebello National Park , 1300 m, [16°06′30″N, 91°40′43″W], 24 May 1972, Breedlove 25334 (DS!, MO!, NY!) ; Motozintla de Mendoza, SW side of Cerro Mozotal, 11 km NW of the jct. of the rd to Motozintla along the rd to El Porvenir and Siltepec , 2100 m, [15°24′N, 92°18′W], 27 June 1972, Breedlove 25772 ( DS!) ; La Trinitaria, E of Laguna Tzikaw, Montebello National Park , 1300 m, [16°05′15″N, 91°42′02″W], 16 November 1972, Breedlove & Dressler 29642 (DS!, MO!) ; Motozintla de Mendoza , SW side of Cerro Mozotal, 11 km NW of the jct. of the rd to Motozintla along the rd to El Porvenir and

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Phytotaxa 264 (1) © 2016 Magnolia Press • 75 Siltepec, 2100 m, 29 December 1972, Breedlove & Thorne 31100 (CAS!, MEXU!, MO!, NY!, US!); Pueblo Nuevo Solistahuacán, E side of Pueblo Nuevo Solistahuacán , 1700 m, 15 January 1973, Breedlove 32715 (DS!, MO!) ; La Independencia, third ridge along logging rd from Las Margaritas to Campo Alegre , 2300 m, [16°28′32″N, 91°49′23″W], 18 February 1973, Breedlove 33529 (DS!, MO!, NY!) ; Motozintla de Mendoza, SW of Cerro Mozotal, 11 km NW of the jct. of the rd to Motozintla along the rd to El Porvenir and Siltepec, 2100 m, 18 September 1976, Breedlove 40225 (DS!, MO!) ; San Cristóbal de las Casas, along rd to Chanal 16–20 km E of Chilil, 2380 m, [16°44′24″N, 92°22′48″W], 10 November 1976, Breedlove 41317 ( DS!) ; San Cristóbal de las Casas, along rd to Chanal , 16–20 km E of Chilil, 2380 m, 10 November 1976, Breedlove 41347 (DS!, MEXU!) ; Motozintla de Mendoza, SW side of Cerro Mozotal, 11 km NW of the jct. of the rd to Motozintla along the rd to El Porvenir and Siltepec, 2100 m, 21 November 1976, Breedlove 41705 (DS!, MO!, NY!) ; La Independencia, along logging rd from Las Margaritas to Campo Alegre , 2300 m, [16°25′48″N, 91°51′W], 27 November 1980, Breedlove & Almeda 47845 (CAS!, MEXU!, MO!) ; Jitotol, 5 km SE of Jitotol along rd to Bochil , 1600 m, [17°02′21″N, 92°51′11″W], 9 January 1981, Breedlove & Keller 49341 ( CAS!) ; Mexico, Chiapas, La Trinitaria, Lagunas de Montebello National Park along rd to Cinco Lagunas , 1380 m, [16°06′42″N, 91°42′21″W], 29 January 1981, Breedlove 49687 ( CAS!) ; La Independencia, third ridge along logging rd from Las Margaritas to Campo Alegre , 2300 m, [16°28′32″N, 91°49′23″W], 3 July 1981, Breedlove 51306 (CAS!, GH!) ; La Trinitaria, Lagos de Montebello National Park, forest near Lago Montebello, 1370 m, [16°06′36″N, 91°43′12″W], 14 August 1981, Breedlove 52249 (CAS!, GH!, MEXU!, MO!) ; Mpio. Pantepec, above Rayón along rd to Pantepec and Tapalapa , 1770 m, [17°12′43″N, 92°58′03″W], 22 September 1981, Breedlove 53008 (CAS!, MEXU!, MO!, NY!) ; La Trinitaria, Lagos de Montebello National Park, near Lago Montebello, 1370 m, 19 January 1982, Breedlove & Almeda 57471 (CAS!, MEXU!, MO!) ; Tenejapa, Colonia Chalam , 2700 m, [16°46′12″N, 92°26′24″W], 23 May 1988, Breedlove 68583 ( CAS!) ; 35 mi SE of Comitán, Los Lagos , E side of second lake on

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right, 5200 ft, [16°06′11″N, 91°42′47″W], 18–24 January 1952, Carlson 2257 ( MEXU!) ; La Trinitaria, along rd from Lagos de Montebello to Dos Lagunas, [16°06′03″N, 91°40′43″W], 1480 m, 27 January 1979, Croat 46592 (CAS!, MEXU!, MO!) ; Volcán Tacaná, Chiquihuites , 1920 m, [15°05′38″N, 92°06′01″W], 10 February 1969, Hernández M. 510 (DS-2!, MEXU!, NY!) ; Mpio. Motozintla de Mendoza, Motozintla–Buenos Aires–Porvenir Hwy , ca. 6 km W of Buenos Aires, toward El Porvenir, 2200 m, 15°22.537′N, 92°20.303′W, (15°22′32″N, 92°20′18″W), 17 January 2003, Kelly et al. 1349 (CAS!, MEXU!, NY!) ; pine forests of Pueblo Nuevo, Linden 359 (K-2 lost, photo ex K at K and NY!, G-00359175-n.v., online image!, G-00359174-n.v., online image!, G-00164228-n.v., online image!); Motozintla , Pinabeto , 2586 m, [15°12′33″N, 92°14′49″W], 9 May 1945, Matuda 15483 (F!, MEXU!) ; Pueblo Nuevo, Pueblo Nuevo Solistahuacán, [17°09′28″N, 92°53′59″W], 7 March 1950, Miranda 6094 (CAS!, DS!, MEXU!, US!); Pantepec – Tapalapa , [17°11′36″N, 93°06′37″W], 17 August 1950, Miranda 6532 ( MEXU!) ; Motozintla, 8 mi W of jct. with Motozintla–Huixtla hwy along rd to Cerro Mozotal & Siltepec, 6600 ft, 15°21′N, 92°20′W, 2 April 1983, Neill 5598 (CAS!, MO!) ; Mpio. Tenejapa, 10 km al NE de Chalam, camino a Ashlum , 2000 m, [16°48′57″N, 92°22′40″W], 23 May 1988, Palacios & Breedlove 416 ( CAS!) ; La Trinitaria, Lagos de Montebello , 1600 m, [16°06′42″N, 91°42′21″W], 22 January 1952, Rzedowski 660 ( MEXU!) ; Pueblo Nuevo Solistahuacán, SE edge of Pueblo Nuevo Solistahuacán , ca. 70 mi S of Mexico 195–190 intersection, [17°05′24″N, 92°52′12″W], 3 February 1971, Stone & Broome 2824 (F!, MEXU!, MO!) ; La Trinitaria, E side of Lago Tsikaw in the region of the Lagos de Montebello , 4800 ft, [16°05′15″N, 91°42′02″W], 5 July 1967, Ton 2644 (DS!, LL!) ; Motozintla , 11 km W de Buenos Aires, 2000 m, [15°21′33″N, 92°18′56″W], 2 April 1983, Ton 5796 (CAS!, MEXU!, MO!, NY!) ; Trinitaria, Ejido Benito Juárez, anexo Tzicao , [15°50′22″N, 92°10′59″W], 10 July 1984, Ton 7759 (CAS!, MEXU!, NY!) . Oaxaca: Mpio. Ixtlán, Cerro El Chapulin, 1640 m, 17°30′30″N, 96°18′44″W, 2 August 1997, Arellanes C. 0090 ( MEXU!) ; Mpio. Ixtlán , Cerro El Chapulin, 1640 m, 17°30′03″N, 96°18′44″W, 3 August 1997, Arellanes C. 0095 ( MEXU!) ; Mpio. Ixtlán , Cerro El Chapulin, 1640 m, 17°30′30″N, 96°18′44″W, 6 August 1997, Arellanes C. 0108 ( MEXU!) ; Mpio. Ixtlán , Cerro El Chapulin, hectárea I, 1640 m, 17°30′30″N, 96°18′44″W, 28 January 1998, Arellanes C. et al. 253 ( MEXU!) ; Mpio. Comaltepec, Dist. Ixtlán, Cerro Redonda , above town of La Esperanza (on the Oaxaca-Tuxtepec Rd , Hwy 175, Caribbean slope, 1750 m, 17°37′15″N, 96°22′00″W, 26 October 1991, Boyle & Boyle 611 ( MO!) ; Mpio. Ixtlán, Dist. Ixtlán, 6 km to NNE of the settlement La Luz, on N slope of hill marked La Cueva de Sarmiento , Río Soyolapan watershed , 1790–1825 m, 17°34′16″N, 96°21′32″W, 1–5 November 1994, Boyle et al. 3822 ( MO!) ; Mpio. Ixtlán, Dist. Ixtlán, 6 km to NNE of the settlement La Luz, on N slope of hill marked La Cueva de Sarmiento , Río Soyolapan watershed , 1790–1825 m, 17°34′16″N, 96°21′32″W, 1–5 November 1994, Boyle et al. 3850 ( MO!) ; Mpio. San Miguel Chimalapa, Cerro Guayabitos , ca. 42 km en línea recta al N de San Pedro Tapanatepec al NO de la Congregación Benito Juárez filo alto al SE de la cima, 1800 m, 16°44′30″N, 94°11′15″W, 24 December 1985, Wendt et al. 5181 ( CAS!) .

GUATEMALA. Alta Verapaz: 5 km al NO de Cobán, 1400 m, 10 May 1963, Molina R. & Molina 11985 (F!, NY!); Mpio. Cobán Chicu'sha'b, 8 km al SW de Cobán, 15°26′N, 90°27′W, 22 July 1988, Tenorio L. et al. 14653 (CAS!, MO!); Cobán, 4300 ft, [15°28′15″N, 90°22′20″W], March 1887, von Turckheim 1152 (GH!, PH, photo!, US!); Chichen, 1600 m, [15°22′08″N, 90°22′01″W], 1908, von Turckheim 2159 (C-2!, F!, GH!, MO!, NY!, S-2!, US-2!); 1–5 km E of San Juan Chamelco, 1500–1600 m, 15°25′N, 90°15′W, 1 February 1969, Williams et al. 40451 (F!); San Juan Chamelco, [15°25′26″N, 90°19′41″W], February 1969, Wilson 40969 (F!). Baja Verapaz: Unión Barrios, in high forest, [15°11′01″N, 90°12′16″W], 11 March 1972, Contreras 11241 (LL!, S!); Unión Barrios, on Salama–Cobán Rd, 2.5 km W, [15°11′01″N, 90°12′16″W], 6 February 1975, Lundell & Contreras 18931 (CAS!, LL!, MEXU!); Unión Barrios, on Salama–Cobán Rd, 2.5 km W, 6 February 1975, Lundell & Contreras 18932 (LL!, MEXU!, MO!, NY!); Unión Barrios, SW of the village, [15°11′01″N, 90°12′16″W], 16 June 1975, Lundell & Contreras 19459 (CAS!, LL!); Niño Perdido, between Km 151/152 W, 16 June 1977, Lundell & Contreras 21125 (CAS!, LL!, MO!); Niño Perdido, between Km 151/152 W, bordering arroyo, 16 June 1977, Lundell & Contreras 21128 (CAS!, F!, LL!, MEXU!, MO!); Niño Perdido, La Cumbre de San José, [15°08′15″N, 90°10′40″W], 21 June 1977, Lundell & Contreras 21169 (CAS!, LL!, MEXU!, MO!, NY!); along Río Cobán between Santa Cruz and Tactic, 1500 m, 15°20′N, 90°20′W, 26 January 1969, Williams et al. 40134 (F!). El Quiché: Valley of Río de las Violetas, N of Nebaj, 5800–6000 ft, [15°26′38″N, 91°08′08″W], 8 August 1964, Proctor 25458 (F!, MO!); Sacabajá, 1200 m, 1892, Heyde & Lux 733 ( US!); Sacabajá, 1200 m, [15°10′37″N, 90°56′32″W], 1892, Heyde & Lux 3011 (MO!, NY!, US!; the last two are mixed collections with Symplocos hartwegii ). Jalapa: Volcán Jumay, N of Xalapa, 1300–2200 m, [14°41′N, 89°59′W], 1 December 1939,

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Phytotaxa 264 (1) © 2016 Magnolia Press • 77 Steyermark 32380 (F!). San Marcos: upper slopes of Quebrada Tierra María , between town of Tajumulco and Tecutla (9 mi S and W of Tajumulco), NW slopes of Volcán Tajumulco , 1800–2500 m, [15°06′02″N, 91°52′07″W], 27 February 1940, Steyermark 36850 (F!); outer slopes of Tajumulco Volcano , Sierra Madre Mtns. ca. 8–10 km W of San Marcos, 2300 m, [14°56′28″N, 91°50′37″W], 31 December 1964, Williams et al. 26957 (F!, NY!). Zacapa: upper reaches of Río Sitio Nuevo , 1500–1800 m, [15°07′25″N, 89°19′26″W], 25 January 1942, Steyermark 43242 (F!, NY!) .

HONDURAS. Comayagua: Quebrada Agua Amarilla, nuclear zone of Azul Meámbar National Park, 10.5 km E of Lago Yojoa, 1740 m, 14°48′N, 87°52′W, 11 March 1993, Hawkins 562 ( MO!); Comayagua Mtn., 2400 m, [14°20′25″N, 87°31′32″W], 6 March 1975, Hazlett 2497 (GH!, MO!); al lado del camino el Danto a Jesus de Otoro, Montaña de San Juancillo, Reserva Biológica Cordillera de Montecillos, 1900 m, 14°30′N, 87°53′W, 1 March 1991, House & Aguilar 844 ( MO!). El Paraíso: Cerro Monserrat, 2000 m, [13°56′01″N, 86°52′14″W], 27 August 1978, Castro T. 151 ( MO!); Yuscarán, Cerro Monserrat, 2000 m, [13°56′01″N, 86°52′14″W], 27 August 1978, Díaz Z. 168 (CAS!, MO!); El Volcán de Monserrat, 1700 m, 12 August 1971, Molina R. 26138 (F!, NY!, US!); Cerro Monserrat, O de Yuscarán, 2000 m, 22–25 March 1975, Nelson & Vargas 2433 ( MO!); Cerro Monserrat, cerca de Yuscarán, 2000 m, 9 October 1977, Nelson & Romero 4324 ( MO!); Yuscarán, 1200 m, [13°56′N, 14°51′W], 27 August 1978, Zelaya 147 ( MO!). Intibucá: 8 km N of La Esperanza, 1800 m, [14°22′14″N, 88°11′01″W], 7 March 1974, Hazlett 1266 ( MO!); bosque de nubes de Calaveras, Cordillera de Opalaca, 1700 m, [14°29′14″N, 88°21′23″W], 10 April 1956, Molina R. 6427 (F!, US!); Baños La Esperanza, 1800 m, [14°18′22″N, 16°11′W], 6 April 1957, Molina R. 7946 (F!); edge of Quebrada Lejarsia between Km 9–11 on rd to La Esperanza–Marcala, 1600 m, [14°15′09″N, 88°06′47″W], 21 March 1969, Molina R. & Molina 24309 (F!, NY!); El Duraznillo on Cordillera Opalaca, 1700 m, [14°N, 87°58′W], 26 March 1969, Molina R. & Molina 24481 (F!, NY!); between Calaveras and El Duraznillo on Cordillera Opalaca, 1800 m, [14°20′55″N, 88°04′27″W], 12 March 1970, Molina R. & Molina 25537 (F!, MO!, NY!, US!); Cerro Pelanariz, 1.5 km al NE de La Esperanza, 2000 m, [14°18′57″N, 88°10′39″W], 13 September 1981, Sosa L. 33 (CAS!, MO!). La Paz: Las Trancas, 5 km NW of Güajiquiro, 2000–2100 m, 14°08′N, 87°52′W, 22 May 1993, Liesner 26444 (CAS!, MO!); Paderones humedos del Huis, Km 110 sobre carretera Marcala, 1600 m, [14°09′34″N, 88°01′54″W], 11 April 1956, Molina R. 6488 (F!, US!). Lempira: Montaña de Celaque, SE portion of the massif, valley of the Río Arcagual on the plateau, 2400 m, 14°33′26″N, 88°40′00″W, 26 May 1991, Davidse & Zúniga 34835 (MEXU!, MO!); near cascada of the Río Arcagual, Celaque National Park, 2450 m, 24°40′N, 88°42′W, 18 November 1991, Hawkins et al. 89 (MO-2!); E slopes of the Quebrada Naranja, 10 km SE of Gracias, Celaque National Park, 1900 m, 14°32′N, 88°40′W, 29 January 1992, Hawkins et al. 150 ( MO!); along trail from El Mojon to El Sucte, 13 km SW of Gracias, Celaque National Park, 2650 m, 14°32′N, 88°42′W, 31 January 1992, Hawkins & House 164 ( MO!); Montaña de Celaque, 2600 m, 18–22 November 1974, Hazlett 2306 ( CR!). Morazán: Rancho Quebrado, rd to El Rosario, San Juancito, [14°13′20″N, 87°04′16″W], 3 March 1952, Carlson 2636 (F!); Rancho Quebrado, rd to El Rosario, San Juancito, 3 March 1952, Carlson 2645 (F!); Cerro La Tigra near Tegucigalpa, 2400 m, [14°11′52″N, 87°07′31″W], 18 March 1973, Clewell 3800 (MO!, US!); along rd to Parque Nacional La Tigra, 22–25 km NE of Tegucigalpa, 1850–2125 m, 14°12′N, 87°07′W, 1 February 1987, Croat & Hannon 64037 (CAS!, MO!); a orillas de la carretera que conduce de la Aldea El Chaparro a la Mina de El Rosario, Cerro Nebuloso, 20 km NE de Tegucigalpa, [14°11′02″N, 87°06′17″W], 14 March 1977, Erazo et al. 311 ( MO!); La Vuelta del caite NE de San Juancito, Montaña La Tigra, 2300 m, [14°11′52″N, 87°07′31″W], 17 March 1957, Molina R. 7734 (F!, US!); La Tigra Mtn., SW of San Juancito, 1800–2100 m, [14°12′50″N, 87°05′48″W], 2 February 1966, Molina R. et al. 16971 (F!, NY!); Mt. La Tigra, SW of San Juancito, 1800–2100 m, 2 February 1966, Molina R. et al. 17030 (F!, GH!, NY!, US!); dry slopes of Mt. San Juancito near El Rosario, 1400 m, [14°12′32″N, 87°04′28″W], 27 February 1969, Molina R. 23401 (F!, NY!); mtns. above San Juancito, 7500 ft, [14°12′32″N, 87°04′28″W], August 1960, Pfeifer 1950 ( US!); Montaña La Tigra , 30 km E de Tegucigalpa, 1800 m, [14°12′N, 87°06′W], 29 February 1980, Soto 204 ( MO!); encima de El Hatillo, 1800 m, [14°07′47″N, 87°09′52″W], 1 August 1975, Vargas & Barkley H45065 (CAS-2!, MEXU!, MO!, NY!); mtns. above San Juancito, 2000 m, 6 November 1947, Williams & Molina R. 13369 (F!, GH!); mtns. above San Juancito, 1800 m, 20 February 1948, Williams & Molina R. 13740 (F!, GH!, US!); mtns. above San Juancito, 2200 m, 20 February 1948, Williams & Molina R. 13677 (F!, GH!); mtns. above San Juancito, 2000 m, 22 February 1949, Williams et al. 15632 (F!, GH!, US!); La Montaña de La Tigra, SE de San Juancito, 2000 m, 5 February 1950, Williams & Molina R. 17084 (F!, GH!, US!). Ocotepeque: al S del Cerro Chichicuilote, 12 km al SE de Nueva Ocotepeque, Reserva Biológica de Guisayote, 2300 m, 14°25′N, 89°04′W, 22 February

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1992, Darío 53 (CAS!, MEXU!, MO!); Ocotepeque, al N de la carretera del Occidente en el Cerro El Cocal, 10.5 km al NE de Nueva Ocotepeque en la Reserva Biológica de Guisayote, 2040 m, 14°28′N, 89°05′W, 24 March 1993, Darío 400 (MO-3!). Santa Bárbara: upper rocky slopes and summit of Cerro Santa Bárbara, 2750 m, 5–6 April 1951, Allen et al. 6081 (F!, GH!, US!). Tegucigalpa: La Laguna, Colonia Trail, San Juancito, 5800 ft, [14°12′32″N, 87°04′28″W], 4 April 1932, Edwards 46 (F!, GH!). Yoro: Pico Pijol, 9 km al SE de Nueva Esperanza, 2282 m, [15°10′N, 87°34′W], 29 May 1993, Darío 479 (CAS!, MEXU!, MO!). Departamento unknown: Distrito Central, Rancho Quemado, 4000 ft, [14°28′21″N, 86°29′37″W], 3 April 1970, Gillis 9582 (F!).

EL SALVADOR. Chalatenango: E slope of Los Esemiles , 2250 ft, 14°21′N, 89°09′, 11 March 1942, Tucker 999 (NY!, TEX!, US!) . Santa Ana: San José Ingenio, P. N. Montecristo, Miramundo , 2400 m, 14°25′N, 89°21′W, 12 April 2002, Martínez 925 ( MO!) . Morazán: near El Zancudo, 28 March 1979, Seiter 1007 (F!) .

NICARAGUA. Jinotega: Mpio. Jinotega, Reserva Natural Cerro Kilambé, 950–1700 m, 13°34′N, 85°41′W, 22 April 2000, Rueda et al. 13377 ( MO!) . Matagalpa: Hacienda Santa María de Ostuma , Cordillera Dariense, 1300–1600 m, [13°N, 85°56′W], 8 December 1976, Tomlin 107 ( MO!) ; Hacienda Santa María de Ostuma , Cordillera Dariense, 1300–1600 m, 14 January 1977, Tomlin 148 ( MO!) . Nueva Segovia: Mpio. Wiwili, Reserva Cerro Kilambé, 1400–1750 m, 13°34′N, 85°42′W, 7 September 2000, Rueda et al. 14944 ( MO!) . Zelaya: Cerro El Hormiguero, W range, 1100–1183 m, 13°44′N, 85°00′W, 15 April 1979, Pipoly 5170 (CAS!, MEXU!, MO!) ; Cerro El Hormiguero, W range, 1100–1183 m, 13°44′N, 85°00′W, 15 April 1979, Pipoly 5201 (CAS!, MEXU!, MO!) ; Cerro La Pimienta number 1 and 2, E range, summit of 2 peaks, northernmost and central, 900–1160 m, 13°45′N, 84°59′W, 17 April 1979, Pipoly 5237 (CAS!, MEXU!, MO!) .

Figures

FIGURE 2. Flowers and fruits of some species of Mexican and Central American Symplocos. a. S. serrulata. b. S. speciosa. c. S. striata. d. S. tribracteolata. e. S. austromexicana. f. S. citrea. g. S. pycnantha. h. S. coccinea. i. S. serrulata. j. S. hartwegii.

FIGURE 28. Symplocos pycnantha. a. Branchlet with inflorescences. b. Abaxial leaf surface showing pubescence. c. Inflorescence with flower buds. d. Flowers. e. Calyx (partly cut away), disk, and gynoecium. f. Corolla opened with attached stamens. g. Fruit. (a–f drawn from D. Stone & C. Broome 2824, MEXU; g drawn from C. L. Lundell & E. Contreras 21169, MEXU.)

FIGURE 29. Geographic distribution of Symplocos pycnantha and S. sousae.